Benefits of physical activity on reproductive health functions among polycystic ovarian syndrome women: a systematic review

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the predominant endocrine disorders of reproductive-aged women. The prevalence of PCOS has been estimated at approximately 6–26%, affecting 105 million people worldwide. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effects of physical activity on reproductive health functions among PCOS women.MethodsThe systematic review includes randomization-controlled trials (RCTs) on physical exercise and reproductive functions among women with PCOS. Studies in the English language published between January 2010 and December 2022 were identified via PubMed. A combination of medical subject headings in terms of physical activity, exercise, menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, reproductive hormone, hirsutism, and PCOS was used.ResultsOverall, seven RCTs were included in this systematic review. The studies investigated interventions of physical activity of any intensity and volume and measured reproductive functions and hormonal and menstrual improvement. The inclusion of physical activity alone or in combination with other therapeutic interventions improved reproductive outcomes.ConclusionThe reproductive functions of women with PCOS can be improved with physical activity. Furthermore, physical activity can also reduce infertility, as well as social and psychological stress among women

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence of anemia in third trimester of pregnancy

Objective: Anemia is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy. Iron deficiency anemia is mostly occur but in our locality or in low socioeconomic group there are certain other factors which may lead or aggravate anemia during pregnancy; and the aim of study is to define the prevalence of anemia during third trimester in our locality. Design: Place and duration of study: civil hospital Karachi, 1 year Study design: case control study Intervention: SPSS version 16 Outcome measures: CBC reports of pregnant and non pregnant women; & questionnaire to evaluate or sort the variables (i.e. other diseases which might the target patient suffer) which may lead to anemia not related to pregnancy. Patient And Methods: 103 booked pregnant women in third trimester in civil hospital, 103 non pregnant women. By analyzing their routine CBC of non pregnant women with pregnant women in third trimester we are formulating the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. RESULTS: Prevalence of anemia in third trimester of pregnancy is 64(62.1%) as compare to non pregnant women i.e. 25(24.3%) (ratio≈3:1) . Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is more prevalent in our locality which may lead to complications during pregnancy and not only affect the health of mother but also to their ones. So on the behalf of this discussion, conclusion is that it is now our further responsibility to educate the society about maternal health problems or issues in regards to anemia as to improve their nutritional support, child spacing and other issues which leads to anemia in pregnancy. Keywords: Anemia, Pregnancy, Iron deficiency, Maternal healt

Additional file 1 of Comparison of physical activity levels and dietary habits between women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls of reproductive age: a case-control study

Additional file 1

Employing an immunoinformatics approach revealed potent multi-epitope based subunit vaccine for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Background: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infects many individuals worldwide and causes severe infection in the immunosuppressant recipient, spontaneous abortion, and congenital disabilities in infants. Objectives: There is no specific vaccine or therapeutics available to protect against LCMV infection; thus, there is a need to design a potential vaccine to combat the virus by developing immunity in the population. Herein, we attempted to design a potent multi-epitope vaccine for LCMV using immunoinformatics methods. Methods: The whole proteome of the virus was screened and mapped to extract immunodominant B-cell and T-cell epitopes which were fused with appropriate linkers (EAAAK, GGGS, AAY, GPGPG, and AAY), PADRE sequence (13aa) and an adjuvant (50 S ribosomal protein L7/L12) to formulate a multi-epitope vaccine ensemble. Codon adaptation and in silico cloning of the constructed vaccine were carried out using bioinformatics tools. The secondary and tertiary structure of the vaccine construct was predicted and refined. The physicochemical profile of the designed vaccine was analyzed, and the multi-epitope vaccine's potential to bind Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) was evaluated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Computational immune simulation of the designed vaccine antigen was performed using the C-ImmSim server. Results: The designed multi-epitope-based vaccine (613 aa) comprised 26 immunodominant (six B-cell, nine cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and 11 helper T lymphocytes) epitopes and is predicted antigenic, non-toxic, non-allergen, soluble, and topographically accessible with a suitable physicochemical profile. The designed vaccine is expected to cover a broad worldwide population (96.35 %) and stimulate a robust adaptive immune response against the virus upon administration. In silico cloning of the constructed vaccine in PET28a (+) vector ensured its optimal expression in the Escherichia coli system. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy estimation collectively support the stability and energetically favourable interaction of the modeled vaccine–TLR2/4 complexes. Conclusion: The designed multi-epitope vaccine in the present study could serve as a potential vaccine candidate to protect against LMCV infection; however, the experimental validation and safety testing of the vaccine is warranted to validate the study’s outcomes