An Abridged History of The Orange

The orange is more than a fruit that one can purchase at a supermarket or pick from the tree in the yard. The fruit started as an object of exoticism. It was later transformed into a symbol of purity. Eventually the orange became a vehicle for humanity to demonstrate its mastery over nature. In modern society, oranges are the foundation of enterprises, ones that sustain entire regions of the world. This thesis presents a series of essays, each using aspects of art history and geography, to describe the history of the orange. The intention of this thesis is to introduce the discipline of art history to geographers, to do the same with geography to art historians, and to introduce both disciplines to the lay audience. It is hoped that the combination of the two disciplines provides a more complete picture of the remarkable history of the orange

The History of Human Resources in the United States: A Primer on Modern Practice

This book details the elements of modern labor practices in the United States and includes a comprehensive review of the history of human resources in the United States. Chapter 2 describes the inexorable link between human resource practices and the laws and regulations guiding them. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the modern HR practices of talent acquisition, total rewards, diversity and inclusion, U.S. employment laws, technology and data, employee relations, employee engagement, organizational effectiveness and development, learning and development, HR structure, HR strategy, risk management, global context, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Chapter 4 provides an in-depth summary of the practice of High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) and finally Chapter 5 concludes the text with how modern practice culminates in Human Resource Development.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/management_oer/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Four Functions of Management - An essential guide to Management Principles

The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to the four essential functions of management. The history of management, managerial decision making as well as business strategy are covered in addition to an in depth exploration of the planning, organizing, leading and controlling roles of the contemporary manager. This text was written with simplicity in mind, and a hyper-focus on the four functions. The intended use of this book is to give students a mastery of these fundamentals to prepare them for their more complex applications in subsequent management courses.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/management_oer/1000/thumbnail.jp

The complexity of asynchronous model based testing

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Theoretical Computer Science. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier B.V.In model based testing (MBT), testing is based on a model MM that typically is expressed using a state-based language such as an input output transition system (IOTS). Most approaches to MBT assume that communications between the system under test (SUT) and its environment are synchronous. However, many systems interact with their environment through asynchronous channels and the presence of such channels changes the nature of testing. In this paper we investigate the situation in which the SUT interacts with its environment through asynchronous channels and the problems of producing test cases to reach a state, execute a transition, or to distinguish two states. In addition, we investigate the Oracle Problem. All four problems are explored for both FIFO and non-FIFO channels. It is known that the Oracle Problem can be solved in polynomial time for FIFO channels but we also show that the three test case generation problems can also be solved in polynomial time in the case where the IOTS is observable but the general test generation problems are EXPTIME-hard. For non-FIFO channels we prove that all of the test case generation problems are EXPTIME-hard and the Oracle Problem in NP-hard, even if we restrict attention to deterministic IOTSs

A sensitive and bright single-cell resolution live imaging reporter of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in the mouse

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the dynamic cellular behaviors and underlying molecular mechanisms that drive morphogenesis is an ongoing challenge in biology. Live imaging provides the necessary methodology to unravel the synergistic and stereotypical cell and molecular events that shape the embryo. Genetically-encoded reporters represent an essential tool for live imaging. Reporter strains can be engineered by placing <it>cis</it>-regulatory elements of interest to direct the expression of a desired reporter gene. In the case of canonical Wnt signaling, also referred to as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, since the downstream transcriptional response is well understood, reporters can be designed that reflect sites of active Wnt signaling, as opposed to sites of gene transcription, as is the case with many fluorescent reporters. However, even though several transgenic Wnt/β-catenin reporter strains have been generated, to date, none provides the single-cell resolution favored for live imaging studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have placed six copies of a TCF/Lef responsive element and an <it>hsp68 </it>minimal promoter in front of a fluorescent protein fusion comprising human histone H2B to GFP and used it to generate a strain of mice that would report Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Characterization of developmental and adult stages of the resulting <it>TCF/Lef:H2B-GFP </it>strain revealed discrete and specific expression of the transgene at previously characterized sites of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In support of the increased sensitivity of the <it>TCF/Lef:H2B-GFP </it>reporter, additional sites of Wnt/β-catenin signaling not documented with other reporters but identified through genetic and embryological analysis were observed. Furthermore, the sub-cellular localization of the reporter minimized reporter perdurance, and allowed visualization and tracking of individual cells within a cohort, so facilitating the detailed analysis of cell behaviors and signaling activity during morphogenesis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By combining the Wnt activity read-out efficiency of multimerized TCF/Lef DNA binding sites, together with the high-resolution imaging afforded by subcellularly-localized fluorescent fusion proteins such as H2B-GFP, we have created a mouse transgenic line that faithfully recapitulates Wnt signaling activity at single-cell resolution. The <it>TCF/Lef:H2B-GFP </it>reporter represents a unique tool for live imaging the <it>in vivo </it>processes triggered by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and thus should help the formulation of a high-resolution understanding of the serial events that define the morphogenetic process regulated by this signaling pathway.</p

Estimating the feasibility of transition paths in extended finite state machines

There has been significant interest in automating testing on the basis of an extended finite state machine (EFSM) model of the required behaviour of the implementation under test (IUT). Many test criteria require that certain parts of the EFSM are executed. For example, we may want to execute every transition of the EFSM. In order to find a test suite (set of input sequences) that achieves this we might first derive a set of paths through the EFSM that satisfy the criterion using, for example, algorithms from graph theory. We then attempt to produce input sequences that trigger these paths. Unfortunately, however, the EFSM might have infeasible paths and the problem of determining whether a path is feasible is generally undecidable. This paper describes an approach in which a fitness function is used to estimate how easy it is to find an input sequence to trigger a given path through an EFSM. Such a fitness function could be used in a search-based approach in which we search for a path with good fitness that achieves a test objective, such as executing a particular transition, and then search for an input sequence that triggers the path. If this second search fails then we search for another path with good fitness and repeat the process. We give a computationally inexpensive approach (fitness function) that estimates the feasibility of a path. In order to evaluate this fitness function we compared the fitness of a path with the ease with which an input sequence can be produced using search to trigger the path and we used random sampling in order to estimate this. The empirical evidence suggests that a reasonably good correlation (0.72 and 0.62) exists between the fitness of a path, produced using the proposed fitness function, and an estimate of the ease with which we can randomly generate an input sequence to trigger the path

A spontaneous mitonuclear epistasis converging on Rieske Fe-S protein exacerbates complex III deficiency in mice

We previously observed an unexpected fivefold (35 vs. 200 days) difference in the survival of respiratory chain complex III (CIII) deficient Bcs1/(p.S78G) mice between two congenic backgrounds. Here, we identify a spontaneous homoplasmic mtDNA variant (m.G14904A, mt-Cyb(p.D254N)), affecting the CIII subunit cytochrome b (MT-CYB), in the background with short survival. We utilize maternal inheritance of mtDNA to confirm this as the causative variant and show that it further decreases the low CIII activity in Bcs1/(p.S78G) tissues to below survival threshold by 35 days of age. Molecular dynamics simulations predict D254N to restrict the flexibility of MT-CYB ef loop, potentially affecting RISP dynamics. In Rhodobacter cytochrome bc(1) complex the equivalent substitution causes a kinetics defect with longer occupancy of RISP head domain towards the quinol oxidation site. These findings represent a unique case of spontaneous mitonuclear epistasis and highlight the role of mtDNA variation as modifier of mitochondrial disease phenotypes.Peer reviewe

Structure and pathogenicity of antibodies specific for citrullinated collagen type II in experimental arthritis

Antibodies to citrulline-modifi ed proteins have a high diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their biological role in disease development is still unclear. To obtain insight into this question, a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies was generated against a major triple helical collagen type II (CII) epitope (position 359 – 369; ARGLTGRPGDA) with or without arginines modifi ed by citrullination. These antibodies bind cartilage and synovial tissue, and mediate arthritis in mice. Detection of citrullinated CII from RA patients ’ synovial fl uid demonstrates that cartilage-derived CII is indeed citrullinated in vivo. The structure determination of a Fab fragment of one of these antibodies in complex with a citrullinated peptide showed a surprising beta -turn conformation of the peptide and provided information on citrulline recognition. Based on these findings, we propose that autoimmunity to CII, leading to the production of antibodies specific for both native and citrullinated CII, is an important pathogenic factor in the development of RA

Työllisyyden kuntakokeilujen arviointi

Vuonna 2021 käynnistyneiden työllisyyden kuntakoiluiden tilastollinen vaikuttavuusarviointi toteutettiin yksilötason rekisteriaineistolla kahdella menetelmällä. Tulosten mukaan kokeilun vaikutus kohderyhmän palveluprosesseihin ja työllistymiseen jäivät vähäisiksi valtiolliseen TE-palveluun verrattuna yli kahden vuoden seuranta-aikana. Palveluiden ensimmäisen vuoden vähentymistä koskevat havainnot nostavat esille koulutus- ja tiedonjakotarpeen kuntakentässä valmistauduttaessa vuoden 2025 työvoimapalveluvastuun kokonaisvaltaiseen siirtoon kunnille. Viiden esimerkkialueen prosessiarvioinnissa havaittiin jatkuva pyrkimys henkilökohtaisten palvelujen sekä alueellisen ”työllisyyden ekosysteemin” kehittämiseen. Kehittämistä vaikeutti 2022 toimeenpannun pohjoismaisen työvoimapalvelumallin aiheuttama kuormitus, henkilöstön runsas vaihtuvuus ja sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden siirto hyvinvointialueiden vastuulle 2023. Lisäksi toteutettiin Pirkanmaan työllisyyskokeilun 13 asiakkaan palveluprossin 2 vuoden laadullinen seuranta, tavoitteena arvioida palvelujen tarpeenmukaisuutta ja prosessin edistymistä sekä tunnistaa seurannan keskeisiä kehittämistarpeita