The Schrödinger Equaton and Uncertainty Principles

101 p.The main task of this thesis is the analysis of the initial data u0 of Schrödinger’s initial value problem in order to determine certain properties of its dynamical evolution. First, we consider the elliptic Schrödinger problem in its perturbative form. The idea is to find lower bounds for the solution giving conditions at time t = 0 together with a size condition on the potential. After analyzing the elliptic case, we give a similar result for the hyperbolic Schrödinger operator. Next, we focus on the free particle case; this is the case where no potential is involved. The goal here is to quantify the L2 norm of the solution in a space-time cylinder. Following the same idea as before we want to find conditions at time t = 0 to ensure this. To carry out this task we define the Σδ space where δ is a parameter on the interval (0, 1]. We see that if belongs in this space then so does its evolution in time and use this fact to give lower bounds for the L2 norm of the solution. For δ = 1 we give a different approach and make use of the Virial Theorem. We will see that this case has particular properties. Finally, we study dynamical uncertainty principles derived from the previous study. The key point will be to write the solution as u = ρeiθ, where ρ and θ are real functions. Thus, we give uncertainty principles in terms of these functions and find explicit expressions for them so that u becomes a minimizer of the problem

The Schrödinger Equaton and Uncertainty Principles

101 p.The main task of this thesis is the analysis of the initial data u0 of Schrödinger’s initial value problem in order to determine certain properties of its dynamical evolution. First, we consider the elliptic Schrödinger problem in its perturbative form. The idea is to find lower bounds for the solution giving conditions at time t = 0 together with a size condition on the potential. After analyzing the elliptic case, we give a similar result for the hyperbolic Schrödinger operator. Next, we focus on the free particle case; this is the case where no potential is involved. The goal here is to quantify the L2 norm of the solution in a space-time cylinder. Following the same idea as before we want to find conditions at time t = 0 to ensure this. To carry out this task we define the Σδ space where δ is a parameter on the interval (0, 1]. We see that if belongs in this space then so does its evolution in time and use this fact to give lower bounds for the L2 norm of the solution. For δ = 1 we give a different approach and make use of the Virial Theorem. We will see that this case has particular properties. Finally, we study dynamical uncertainty principles derived from the previous study. The key point will be to write the solution as u = ρeiθ, where ρ and θ are real functions. Thus, we give uncertainty principles in terms of these functions and find explicit expressions for them so that u becomes a minimizer of the problem

Vigilância epidemiológica e ambiental de criptosporidiose em Guipúscoa

Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide parasitosis caused by protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium. Infection occurs after ingestion of oocysts excreted with human or animal faeces. Crypstosporidium is one of the most prevalent agents of waterborne outbreaks and diarrhoeic illness. Therefore, its prevention should be a Public Health priority. In order to find out and describe the cryptosporidiosis occurring pattern, detect cases early, prevent the illness from spreading, take preventive measures and avoid outbreaks, the illness began to be actively surveilled in Gipuzkoa in 2015. This paper sums up all public health and microbiological surveillance and environmental monitoring results and control actions taken in Gipuzkoa.La criptosporidiosis es una parasitosis de distribución mundial causada por un protozoo del género Cryptosporidium. La infección se produce tras la ingestión de ooquistes excretados en las heces de animales o humanos. Cryptosporidium es uno de los agentes más importantes que causan brotes de origen hídrico y enfermedades diarreicas en todo el mundo, siendo su prevención una prioridad de Salud Pública. Con el propósito de conocer y describir el patrón de presentación de la criptosporidiosis en la población y detectar precozmente los casos para controlar la difusión de la enfermedad, establecer medidas de prevención y evitar brotes, se inició en 2015 la vigilancia activa de esta enfermedad en Gipuzkoa. Este trabajo resume los resultados de la vigilancia epidemiológica, microbiológica y ambiental de criptosporidiosis llevada a cabo en Gipuzkoa y las medidas de control establecidas.A criptosporidiose é uma parasitose de distribuição mundial causada por um protozoário do género Cryptosporidium. A infeção ocorre através da ingestão de oócitos excretados nas fezes de animais ou de humanos. Cryptosporidium é um dos agentes mais importantes entre os que causam surtos de origem hídrica e doenças diarreicas em todo o mundo, sendo a sua prevenção uma prioridade de Saúde Pública. Com o propósito de conhecer e descrever o padrão de apresentação da criptosporidiose na população e detetar precocemente os casos para controlar a difusão da doença, estabelecer medidas de prevenção e evitar surtos, iniciou-se em 2015 a vigilância ativa desta doença em Guipúscoa. Este trabalho resume os resultados da vigilância epidemiológica, microbiológica e ambiental de criptosporidiose levada a cabo em Guipúscoa e as medidas de controlo estabelecidas

The Neolithic Flint Quarry of Pozarrate (Treviño, Northern Spain)

In this work, we present the preliminary data we have obtained in the Neolithic flint quarry of Pozarrate, currently under archaeological works. We want to put forward an update about the sedimentary fillings of one of the crescent-shaped dump quarries (6000-5600 BP). It is located at the Sierra de Araico-Cucho (Trevino, northern Spain). In this region, Tertiary carbonated terrains which host important silicifications called Trevino flint (Tarrino, A. (2006). El silex en la cuenca vasco-cantabrica y Pirineo Navarro. Caracterizacion y su aprovechamiento en la Prehistoria. Monograia 21, Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigacion de Altamira. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura) are outcropped. The procurement of these silicifications by prehistoric populations was motivated by the good quality of this raw material for knapping. Currently, it constitutes one of the few Neolithic known flint mines of the Iberian Peninsula, understood as places of exploitation of flint with landscape modifications. Some instruments related to prehistoric quarry works have been recovered, such as picks, maces, and hammers made of flint, dolerite, and deer antler. Studies on Pozarrate material remains have been conducted in an interdisciplinary way, in order to have a better understanding of the prehistoric mining processes. Several methodologies are being used in the study of the lithic industries, including flint characterization, procurement, typological, typometrical, technological, and functional approaches. We have obtained the initial data about extraction, selection, management, and use processes of the flint and dolerite assemblages. Deer antler remains have recently undergone a restoration process and preliminary data have been offered. Moreover, an experimental approach has been applied to clarify specific archaeological issues and technical solutions for quarrying using dolerite maces.This article is the result of the collaboration of several researchers from different institutions, including the Universities of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Oviedo, Leon, CENIEH and UNED-Bergara, on the basis of Spanish Science Ministry funding projects: HAR2015-67429-P and PID2020-118359GB-I00. One of the authors (NC) benefited from the Research Talent Attraction post-doctoral fellowship, 2017-T2/HUM-3488, financed by Comunidad de Madrid at the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology of Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. The lithic analysis of the cores was carried out thanks to the "APPREND" project: Apprenticeship in Prehistory, PGC2018-093309-A-I00, founded by the National Spanish Program of Knowledge Generation R&D&I and finally, we express our gratitude to anonymous reviewers 1 and 3 for their suggestions

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Vigilância epidemiológica e ambiental de criptosporidiose em Guipúscoa

La criptosporidiosis es una parasitosis de distribución mundial causada por un protozoo del género Cryptosporidium. La infección se produce tras la ingestión de ooquistes excretados en las heces de animales o humanos. Cryptosporidium es uno de los agentes más importantes que causan brotes de origen hídrico y enfermedades diarreicas en todo el mundo, siendo su prevención una prioridad de Salud Pública. Con el propósito de conocer y describir el patrón de presentación de la criptosporidiosis en la población y detectar precozmente los casos para controlar la difusión de la enfermedad, establecer medidas de prevención y evitar brotes, se inició en 2015 la vigilancia activa de esta enfermedad en Gipuzkoa. Este trabajo resume los resultados de la vigilancia epidemiológica, microbiológica y ambiental de criptosporidiosis llevada a cabo en Gipuzkoa y las medidas de control establecidas.Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide parasitosis caused by protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium. Infection occurs after ingestion of oocysts excreted with human or animal faeces. Crypstosporidium is one of the most prevalent agents of waterborne outbreaks and diarrhoeic illness. Therefore, its prevention should be a Public Health priority. In order to find out and describe the cryptosporidiosis occurring pattern, detect cases early, prevent the illness from spreading, take preventive measures and avoid outbreaks, the illness began to be actively surveilled in Gipuzkoa in 2015. This paper sums up all public health and microbiological surveillance and environmental monitoring results and control actions taken in Gipuzkoa.A criptosporidiose é uma parasitose de distribuição mundial causada por um protozoário do género Cryptosporidium. A infeção ocorre através da ingestão de oócitos excretados nas fezes de animais ou de humanos. Cryptosporidium é um dos agentes mais importantes entre os que causam surtos de origem hídrica e doenças diarreicas em todo o mundo, sendo a sua prevenção uma prioridade de Saúde Pública. Com o propósito de conhecer e descrever o padrão de apresentação da criptosporidiose na população e detetar precocemente os casos para controlar a difusão da doença, estabelecer medidas de prevenção e evitar surtos, iniciou-se em 2015 a vigilância ativa desta doença em Guipúscoa. Este trabalho resume os resultados da vigilância epidemiológica, microbiológica e ambiental de criptosporidiose levada a cabo em Guipúscoa e as medidas de controlo estabelecidas