Rediscovery of the holotype of Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl 1960 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Colombian Pacific slope

We report the rediscovery of the holotype of Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, previously considered as lost in the ICN collections. We present counts, measurements and photographs, also offering a comparison between the holotype and the original description.Presentamos el redescubrimiento de la especie Characidium sanctjohanni descrita por Dahl (1960), lote que se encontraba perdido en el ICN. Tomamos conteos, medidas y fotografías para comparar los datos del holotipo con la descripción original

Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), an introduced species in the Cauca River Basin, Colombia.

Reportamos la introducción de Pterygoplichthys pardalis- una especie íctica de agua dulce de la cuenca del río Amazonas- en la cuenca del río Cauca y en las represas de Salvajina y Calima, Colombia. Alcance: Registramos y evaluamos taxonómicamente a P. pardalis para verificar su identificación, evitando que se eliminen especies nativas morfológicamente similares. Metodología empleada: Se examinó material depositado en algunas colecciones de ictiología, evaluando 35 caracteres morfométricos para su identificación siguiendo las claves de Armbruster. Estos resultados se compararon con la literatura disponible para el género Pterygoplichthys. Conclusiones: Este artículo reporta algunos errores en identificación, principalmente de Pterygoplichthys undecimalis, que en realidad corresponden a ejemplares de P. pardalis. También sugiere dos posibles mecanismos que explican su introducción en cuencas nacionales: i) descuidos durante el comercio de especies ornamentales de peces y por parte de sus compradores y ii) proyectos de acuicultura que pretenden “mejorar” la economía regional sin considerar las características e idoneidad de las especies que buscan fomentar. Finalmente, este artículo alerta sobre la introducción de P. pardalis en cuencas nacionales, y sus posibles efectos sobre especies y ecosistemas nativos.We report Pterygoplichthys pardalis introduction - a freshwater fish species from the Amazon river basin - in the Cauca river basin and in Salvajina and Calima dams, Colombia. Scope: We registered and taxonomically evaluated P. pardalis to verify its identification, seeking to avoid the elimination of native morphologically similar species. Methodology: Material deposited in some ichthyology collections was examined, evaluating 35 morphometric characters for identification following Armbruster’s keys. These results were compared with the available literature for Pterygoplichthys genus. Conclusions: This article reports some identification errors, mainly regarding Pterygoplichthys undecimalis, which actually correspond to P. pardalis. We also suggest two possible mechanisms that explain P. pardalis introduction into national basins: i) oversights during ornamental fish species trade and by their buyers, and ii) aquaculture projects that, seeking to “improve” regional economy, not take into consideration characteristics and suitability of the species they seek to promote. Finally, this article alerts about P. pardalis introduction in national basins and their possible effects on native species and ecosystems

QUYN

The QUYN initiative is born out of the need to systematize and compile the phototramp records obtained in the teaching and research activities developed by the Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN) of the National University of Colombia. Thanks to this methodology it is possible to generate relevant information for distribution studies, activity patterns and habitat use of cryptic species, little known or poorly represented in collections. Likewise, this initiative seeks to be the starting point for generating work networks with Higher Education Institutions, Research Institutes and other institutions that, within their academic development, record important information on the diversity of mammals in our country. Thus, QUYN aims to disseminate wildlife species records from methodologies such as phototramp and manual photography.La iniciativa QUYN nace por la necesidad de sistematizar y recopilar los registros de fototrampeo obtenidos en las actividades de docencia e investigación que desarrolla el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Gracias a esta metodología es posible generar información relevante para estudios de distribución, patrones de actividad y uso de hábitat de especies crípticas, poco conocidas o poco representadas en colecciones. De igual manera, esta iniciativa busca ser el punto de inicio para generar redes de trabajo con Instituciones de Educación Superior, Institutos de Investigación y otras instituciones que dentro de su desarrollo académico registran información importante de la diversidad de mamíferos en nuestro país. De este modo, QUYN tiene como objetivo divulgar los registros de especies en vida silvestre a partir de metodologías como el fototrampeo y la fotografía manual

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)-giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life-is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.This work was primarily supported by grant no. OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-authors used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (E.G.P. and R.R.3) provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. L.G.A. has received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Código de Financiamento 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant nos. 404710/2018-2 and 310797/2019-5). O.O.Adetokunboh acknowledges the National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Innovation and South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis. M.Ausloos, A.Pana and C.H. are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. P.C.B. would like to acknowledge the support of F. Alam and A. Hussain. T.W.B. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. K.Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his international intermediate fellowship. C.H. and A.Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351. B.Hwang is partially supported by China Medical University (CMU109-MF-63), Taichung, Taiwan. M.Khan acknowledges Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University for their support. A.M.K. acknowledges the other collaborators and the corresponding author. Y.K. was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (grant no. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITM/0004). K.Krishan is supported by a DST PURSE grant and UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M.Kumar would like to acknowledge FIC/NIH K43 TW010716-03. I.L. is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá. M.L. was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU109-N-22 and CMU109-MF-118). W.M. is currently a programme analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorses this study. D.E.N. acknowledges Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. G.C.P. is supported by an NHMRC research fellowship. P.Rathi acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Ramu Rawat acknowledges the support of the GBD Secretariat for supporting the reviewing and collaboration of this paper. B.R. acknowledges support from Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A.Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract no. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT. S.Sajadi acknowledges colleagues at Global Burden of Diseases and Local Burden of Disease. A.M.S. acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F.S. was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant no. KQTD20190929172835662). A.Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. B.K.S. acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. B.U. acknowledges support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. C.S.W. is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y.Z. was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. Q20201104) and Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. T2020003). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All maps presented in this study are generated by the authors and no permissions are required to publish them

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030

Historical review, catalog of type specimens and online database of the ichthyology collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-MHN)

Mojica, José Ivan, Agudelo-Zamora, Henry D. (2018): Historical review, catalog of type specimens and online database of the ichthyology collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-MHN). Zootaxa 4478 (1): 1-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4478.1.

FIGURE 42 in Historical review, catalog of type specimens and online database of the ichthyology collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-MHN)

FIGURE 42. Holotype of Lithoxancistrus orinoco ICN-MHN 1200 (scale bar = 1 cm). Photo by Jorge García Melo

FIGURE 30 in Historical review, catalog of type specimens and online database of the ichthyology collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (ICN-MHN)

FIGURE 30. Paratype of Astroblepus ardilai ICN-MHN 18326 (scale bar = 1 cm). Photo by Henry Agudelo