Grupos de resposta de plantas de florestas deciduais e semidecídua baseados em taxas dinâmicas: avaliando impactos impostos por barragens

The functional plant response groups can be useful to comprehend vegetation's reaction to an impact. The responses of tree species in seasonal forests under the influence of artificial damming were evaluated considering the hypothesis that deciduous forests may have more response groups due to their possession of species with higher tolerance to water deficit during the dry season than semi-deciduous forests, as it is an environment with greater water deficit during the dry season and possesses more species specialized in dry conditions. The hypothesis states that (1) increased water availability can hinder the maintenance and establishment of species adapted to dry environments, as they exhibit high tolerance to water deficit during dry seasons, and (2) deciduous forests will have more response groups with high demographic rates (recruitment, mortality, decrement, and increment) due to more dramatic changes in soil moisture. Response groups were detected by comparing dynamic rates of tree species near and far from the artificial lake's shore using Euclidean distance between species' dynamic rates and the Ward method. Few groups were formed away from the dams, and many groups emerged after the impact in both forests, indicating that changes resulting from damming were more prominent near the dam. More negative responses and groups affected by damming were formed in deciduous forests compared to semi-deciduous forests. Predicting the stabilization of these forests remains uncertain, necessitating long-term monitoring for obtaining robust data and additional explanationsOs grupos de resposta funcional das plantas podem ser úteis para compreender a reação da vegetação a um impacto. As respostas de espécies arbóreas em florestas sazonais sob a influência de represamento artificial foram avaliadas considerando a hipótese de que florestas decíduas podem ter mais grupos de resposta devido a possuírem espécies com maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico na estação seca do que florestas semidecíduas, por ser um ambiente com maior déficit hídrico durante a estação seca e possuir mais espécies especializadas em condições secas. A hipótese afirma que (1) o aumento da disponibilidade hídrica pode dificultar a manutenção e o estabelecimento de espécies adaptadas a ambientes secos, pois apresentam alta tolerância ao déficit hídrico nas estações secas, e (2) a floresta decídua terá mais grupos de resposta com altas taxas demográficas (recrutamento, mortalidade, decréscimo e incremento), devido às mudanças mais drásticas na umidade do solo. Grupos de resposta foram detectados comparando as taxas dinâmicas de espécies arbóreas próximas e distantes da margem artificial do lago usando a distância euclidiana entre as taxas dinâmicas das espécies e o método de Ward. Poucos grupos foram formados longe das barragens e muitos grupos após o impacto, em ambas as florestas, demonstrando que as mudanças resultantes do represamento foram mais proeminentes nas proximidades da barragem. Mais respostas negativas e grupos afetados pelo represamento foram formados na floresta decídua em comparação com a floresta semidecídua. Prever a estabilização dessas florestas permanece incerto, exigindo monitoramento de longo prazo para obter dados robustos e explicações adicionais

A hole inversion layer at the BiVO4/Bi4V2O11 interface produces a high tunable photovoltage for water splitting

The conversion of solar energy into hydrogen fuel by splitting water into photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is an appealing strategy to store energy and minimize the extensive use of fossil fuels. The key requirement for efficient water splitting is producing a large band bending (photovoltage) at the semiconductor to improve the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. Therefore, an attractive method consists in creating internal electrical fields inside the PEC to render more favorable band bending for water splitting. Coupling ferroelectric materials exhibiting spontaneous polarization with visible light photoactive semiconductors can be a likely approach to getting higher photovoltage outputs. The spontaneous electric polarization tends to promote the desirable separation of photogenerated electron- hole pairs and can produce photovoltages higher than that obtained from a conventional p-n heterojunction. Herein, we demonstrate that a hole inversion layer induced by a ferroelectric Bi4V2O11 perovskite at the n-type BiVO4 interface creates a virtual p-n junction with high photovoltage, which is suitable for water splitting. The photovoltage output can be boosted by changing the polarization by doping the ferroelectric material with tungsten in order to produce the relatively large photovoltage of 1.39?V, decreasing the surface recombination and enhancing the photocurrent as much as 180%.Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq

A RELAÇÃO ESPORTE E MÍDIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE LICENCIATURA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

O presente artigo vai apresentar resultados, em forma de relato de experiência, de pesquisa-ação desenvolvida pela disciplina optativa “Esporte e Mídia: necessidades e possibilidades para a educação física escolar”, ofertada no Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Faculdade do Futuro de Manhuaçu/MG, com duração de 04 meses, cursada por 17 acadêmicos do Curso. A disciplina teve por objetivos: oportunizar aos acadêmicos contatos com elementos teóricoconceituais sobre as relações estabelecidas entre o esporte moderno e a indústria midiática, analisar possíveis implicações dessas relações no processo ensino-aprendizagem na educação física escolar, estimular a (re)construção de opiniões e conceitos sobre educação física, esporte e mídias e incentivar os alunos à criação de propostas de investigação pedagógica sobre a temática. Ao final da disciplina, como instrumento avaliativo da mesma, o grupo de acadêmicos elaborou um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, para auto-aplicação, com o intuito de identificar a presença de mudanças significativas em seus conceitos de educação física, esporte e mídia. Com base nas análises realizadas coletivamente, observou-se que houve mudança nos conceitos e comportamentos de consumo e análises sobre mídia e esporte. A disciplina também gerou a produção coletiva do presente artigo

Estudo Retrospectivo do perfil epidemiológico das lesões autoprovocadas no estado do Piauí entre 2018 a 2020 / Retrospective study of the epidemiological profile of self-harm in the state of Piauí between 2018 and 2020

Objetivou-se: conhecer o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de lesão autoprovocada no estado do Piauí entre 2018 e 2020 e verificar se houve aumento ou diminuição dos casos notificados no período inicial da pandemia do COVID-19. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo descritivo, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, por meio do BO epidemiológico 001/2020, disponibilizado pela secretaria de saúde do estado do Piauí (SESAPI). Durante o período de 2018, 2019 e 2020, houve um montante de 3.757 registros de violência autoprovocada, no tracejo do perfil, houve destaque para o biotipo feminino, com idade variando de 15 a 29 anos, principalmente, a raça/cor mais afetada na pratica foi a cor parda, situação conjugal: solteiro, escolaridade: ensino fundamental incompleto, como principal meio usado: envenenamento/intoxicação e como local: residência. Apesar de os dados do ano de 2020 serem somente ate a metade do ano, verifica-se um aumento acentuado dos registros, principalmente se observados os mesmos períodos nos anos de 2018 e 2019. 

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

A Case with Pachyonychia Congenita and B-cell Lymphoma

Pachyonychia congenital (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized hyperkeratosis affecting the nails and palmoplantar areas, oral leukokeratosis, and cystic lesions. A 39-year-old woman with PC type 1 (Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome) and B-cell lymphoma is described. No similar disorders or parental consanguinity were found in her family. Typical features of PC developed since her early childhood and the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma was established seven years ago, without a clear causal relation between these entities. Despite inherent limitations of a single case, this report may contribute to PC understanding

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data