Del fin de Público a un nuevo modelo organizativo. La salida emprendedora como solución: análisis de los casos de La Marea, InfoLibre y elDiario.es

Treball Final de Grau en Periodisme. Codi: PE0932. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015El cierre de la edición impresa de Público en febrero de 2012 marca el fin de un proyecto efímero que pese a tener una audiencia y una trayectoria asentadas no logra una viabilidad económica. Sin embargo este cierre también marcó el nacimiento de una nueva generación de medios de comunicación, que surgieron de los mismos trabajadores que en febrero de 2012 quedaban en la calle, el mismo capital humano involucrado en proyectos diferentes y realizados de una manera diferente. Tras tres años del nacimiento la mayoría de estos proyectos aún continúan en activo, el objeto de este trabajo será la investigación de estos modelos, su organización empresarial, su viabilidad económica y esbozar su nivel de calidad informativa. Los medios seleccionados son La Marea, infoLibre y elDiario.es, como principales casos a analizar por haber nacido durante los doce meses posteriores al cierre de Público, ser iniciativa de antiguos trabajadores del medio y tratar temas generalistas. El análisis tratará de averiguar si estos modelos emprendedores resultan viables en un escenario de crisis del periodismo, y de los modelos tradicionales, y si por lo tanto pueden ofrecer una nueva manera de organizar el trabajo periodístico en el contexto actual. El trabajo analizará en primer lugar las estructuras organizativas, definiendo si realmente se trata de modelos emprendedores, y retratar cómo funcionan estos modelos, así como las ventajas y desventajas que ofrecen estas organizaciones atípicas. El segundo punto analizará sus datos económicos para determinar si se trata de medios viables, si su modelo y plan de negocio evoluciona satisfactoriamente y si el medio está recibiendo un buen acogimiento por parte de sus públicos. En cuanto a los contenidos además de analizar las particularidades e innovaciones de cada medio se realizará un análisis de una muestra mínima para tratar de esbozar si se está realizando un buen trabajo a nivel periodístico e informativo. La hipótesis principal que quiere comprobar este trabajo es la de que un modelo de periodismo independiente a nivel empresarial y publicitario facilita la creación de un contenido periodístico de calidad, y que a la vez esto es viable en el contexto económico actual, suponiendo una alternativa firme en el contexto de crisis del periodismo.The closure of the printed edition of Público in February 2012 marked the end of a short-lived project that, while it counted with the backing of a strong audience and an impecable track record, never reached a point of being economically feasable. Nevertheless, the closure of this newspaper also marked the birth of a new generation of media, that appeared thanks to the journalists who lost their jobs in February 2012. With the same human capital, they got involved it different products that functioned in different ways. Three years after the birth of this new wave of media, the majority of the projects are still active and functioning. The purpose of this study will be the investigation of these new media-models, their business organization, their economic viability and to outline the quality level of their information. The chosen media for this study are La Marea, infoLibre and elDiario.es as main cases to analize because they were born in the first twelve months after the closure of Público, because they are projects that were set up mainly by the ex-workers of this newspaper, and because their area is general news. The analysis will try and establish if these enterpreneurial models are viable in the current journalistic crisis scene, and traditional models, and therefore in they can offer a new way of organizing the journalistic profession in the current situation. This study will analize, firstly, the organizational structures, defining if they are really entrepreneurial models, and will show how these models work, including the pros and the cons of these atypical organizations. In second place, we will proceed to analyse their economic data to determine if they are actually economically viable, if their business model and business plan are evolving successfully and if the media is having public acceptance. When it comes to the contents, apart from analysing the particularities and innovations of each media, we'll analyse a minimum sample to try and outline if high levels of journalistic and informative criteria are being fulfilled with their products. The main hypothesis this study means to prove is that an independent journalism model on a business and advertising scale enables the creation of a quality journalistic content, that at the same time is viable in the current economic situation. This would mean it suppose a strong alternative in the context of a journalistic crisis

Microphysiological Systems for the Evaluation of Biomaterials in Regenerative Therapies

[eng] The design of bioresponsive materials capable of stimulating the body’s innate regenerative potential is opening unprecedented possibilities to treat tissue and organ failure, which is one of the most important burdens of healthcare systems worldwide. Unfortunately, their development is hampered by the lack of adequate preclinical models, which are essential in the successful transition of a biomaterial to the clinical trials phase. Most of the experiments rely on animal models, which usually fail to predict the material interactions with the human body, as they are unable to recapitulate the complexities of our physiology. During the last decades, the advancements in the field of microtechnology have allowed to create advanced cell culture systems capable of replicating tissue and organ-level physiology by mimicking relevant conditions such as cell organization or microenvironmental cues. These platforms, known as microphysiological systems (MPS), have shown in different studies their great potential in predicting mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of different drugs, attracting a lot of attention from the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. However, few studies have explored the possibility of using microphysiological systems for the preclinical testing of biomaterials. The goal of this thesis is to fill this knowledge gap by developing microfluidic cell culture systems that allow to reliably predict the actual in vivo response of different materials. One of the proposed platforms is aimed at assessing the potential of a biomaterial to stimulate endothelial progenitor cell recruitment in a bone tissue microenvironment. This is a critical step in the neovascularization and bone regeneration process that has not been properly studied due to the lack of adequate models. The proposed device allowed to identify the role of calcium ions in stimulating the recruitment of rat endothelial progenitor cells (rEPC) to the site of injury, which is mediated by an increase in the release of osteopontin, a chemotactic and mitogenic protein produced by rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-rMSC). The platform was also used to evaluate a calcium-releasing biomaterial based on electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) fibers with calcium-phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles. The results show a significant increase in terms of rEPC recruitment and the release of osteopontin and other pro-angiogenic and inflammatory proteins by BM-rMSC with respect to a regular PLA control, which is in close agreement with previous experiments performed in a murine in vivo model. The other platform proposed in this thesis is aimed at providing a physiologically relevant model of cardiac tissue to study a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. There are currently no reliable in vitro models to mimic this disease, making these contributions extremely relevant for cardiac regeneration studies. A first prototype of the platform based on the combination of aligned electrospun PLA fibers with a user-friendly electrical stimulation setup in a microfluidic cell culture platform produced a biomimetic cardiac tissue in 2D. This was confirmed by the high anisotropy of the tissue constructs, based on the co- culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with cardiac fibroblasts, as well as the upregulation of several key cardiac markers such as contractile and structural proteins. In order to make the model more physiologically relevant, a second device was developed to obtain human-derived 3D tissues. This platform is based on the self-assembling of primary cardiac fibroblasts (hCF) co-cultured with human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) in a fibrin-based hydrogel around two microposts structures, which exert a passive mechanical tension that stimulates tissue maturation and cell alignment. We first performed a screening using 2D assays based on hPSC-CM monolayers to select the best environmental conditions to mimic an ischemia-reperfusion injury. We then characterized the response of the human- derived cardiac organoids to an ischemia-reperfusion injury, consisting of an 8 h culture period at 0 % oxygen in an ischemic solution that replicates the acidic and hyperkalemic conditions observed in vivo, followed by a refreshment with fully supplemented cell media and recovery of 21 % environmental oxygen concentrations. We observed a drastic increase in cell death by necrosis and apoptosis as well as a strong fibrotic response, characterized by an increase in hCF proliferation, differentiation towards myofibroblasts and collagen I deposition. Taken together, we believe that the platforms developed in this thesis constitute an extremely valuable and versatile tool to perform preclinical studies, offering a promising alternative to animal studies for the development of new biomaterials and drug discovery.[spa] El diseño de biomateriales capaces de estimular la capacidad innata del cuerpo de regenerarse está abriendo una oportunidad sin precedentes para el tratamiento y reemplazamiento de órganos y tejidos, una de las principales cargas en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Desafortunadamente, el desarrollo de estas terapias se ve lastrado por la falta de modelos preclínicos adecuados, que son esenciales en la transición exitosa de un biomaterial a la aplicación clínica. La mayoría de estos experimentos se basan en el uso de modelos animales, que habitualmente fallan en la predicción de las interacciones que ocurren en el cuerpo humano, debido a las diferencias inherentes que existen en términos de fisiología. Durante las últimas décadas, los avances en el campo de la microtecnología han permitido crear plataformas de cultivo celular capaces de replicar elementos fisiológicos a nivel de tejidos y órganos denominados sistemas microfisiológicos. Estos sistemas han demostrado su gran utilidad en la predicción de mecanismos de acción, seguridad y eficacia de diferentes fármacos, atrayendo una gran atención por parte de las agencias regulatorias. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han explorado la posibilidad de usar este tipo de sistemas para la evaluación preclínica de biomateriales. El objetivo de esta tesis es realizar contribuciones en este campo mediante el desarrollo de sistemas microfluídicos de cultivo celular capaces de predecir la respuesta in vivo de diferentes materiales. En esta tesis se presentan principalmente dos modelos diferentes de sistemas microfisiológicos. El primer está relacionado con el reclutamiento de células progenitoras endoteliales en un entorno de regeneración ósea para el estudio de la vascularización de biomateriales, mientras que el segundo busca generar un modelo de tejido cardíaco fisiológicamente relevante para estudiar una lesión por isquemia-reperfusión y posibles terapias regenerativas

Character modeling and animation for an horror themed game

Treball Final de Grau en Disseny i Desenvolupament de Videojocs. Codi: VJ1241. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017Herein is presented the technical proposal for the development of the characters and animations of an horror themed game. There are three roles involved in this TFG according to “El libro blanco del desarrollo español de los videojuegos” [1] : “character modeler”, “rigging technician” and “character animator”. This technical proposal is on the field of 3D art and animation and will use 3D modeling software to generate characters, a game engine to develop game objects, a procedural animation system for the game objects and a demo of the animations in the game engine. The 3D modeling will consist of three models; a female celtic shaman, a nuckelavee (celtic monster half human half horse) and a banshee (celtic spirit). The animations included will be: walk, run, idle, attack, duck, pick up an item and set up a safe zone

Dairy cattle ruminal resistome: characterisation and association with productive traits

[ES] El resistoma ruminal está compuesto por todos los genes de resistencia antimicrobiana (ARG) presentes en los microorganismos que habitan en el rumen. La Organización Mundial de la Salud advirtió sobre el problema de los patógenos resistentes a antimicrobianos (AMR), ya que se prevé que para 2050 las bacterias multirresistentes dejarán 10 millones de víctimas al año, superando al cáncer como nuestro principal problema de salud. Entre las 1,461 enfermedades reconocidas en humanos, el 60% de ellas son causadas por patógenos de múltiples huéspedes capaces de moverse a través de especies. Aproximadamente el 75% de las enfermedades infecciosas recientemente detectadas han sido zoonóticas. Aquí radica la importancia de caracterizar el resistoma ruminal, ya que los ARG podrían saltar de las heces y la saliva tanto inter como intra-especies, llegando a los humanos por contacto directo, a través de la cadena alimentaria o diseminados en el medio ambiente (por ejemplo, estiércol). Un buen enfoque para reducir los riesgos de la aparición de AMR es comprender cómo aparecen, su relación con el huésped, cómo interactúan o cómo se transmiten a los humanos. Este es uno de los objetivos de la Iniciativa Una Única Salud (One Health Initiative) que busca la integración de la salud humana, animal y ambiental bajo el mismo marco. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo caracterizar el resistoma ruminal y determinar la la heredabilidad de la composición de este resistoma en el vacuno lechero. Para ello, el metagenoma ruminal de 472 vacas frisonas de 14 granjas comerciales españolas fue secuenciado usando el dispositivo MinION de Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Después del control de calidad, las lecturas de ADN se analizaron con la herramienta SQMreads de SqueezeMeta (Tamames y Puente-Sánchez, 2019), una pipeline para metagenómica, que alinea cada lectura con una base de datos de referencia de genes y proporcionando el número de copias de cada gen presente en la muestra. Implementamos una integración personalizada de la base de datos integral de resistencia a antibióticos (CARD). El pipeline se implementó en el centro de supercomputación CESGA. Como resultado, se determinaron los 69 ARG más prevalentes. La heredabilidad de la abundancia relativa de los ARG más abundantes osciló entre 0,10 (mupA) y 0,49 (tetW). Las correlaciones más notables se encontraron entre msbA y metano (- 0.45), rpoB2 y rendimiento de grasa (-0.62) y macB y emisión de metano (- 0.40). Se analizaron 25 de estos genes individualmente y se calculó la correlación fenotípica entre su abundancia fenotípica y las de los bacteriófagos, observando altas correlaciones. Esto puede explicarse por la presencia de plásmidos resistente a múltiples fármacos y a una alta transferencia horizontal de genes mediada por bacteriófagos. Como conclusión, pudimos determinar los ARG más prevalentes en el ecosistema ruminal, que mostraron una alta heredabilidad de su abundancia relativa, con una fuerte correlación genética con carácteres productivos de importancia económica. Se necesitan más estudios para obtener información sobre el papel de estos genes en el metagenoma ruminal.[EN] The rumen resistome is the compound of all the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) present in the microbes that inhabit the rumen. The World Health Organization (WHO) warned about the issue with antimicrobial resistant (AMRs) pathogens, as it is predicted that by 2050 multi-resistant bacteria will kill 10 million people per year, surpassing cancer as our main health concern. Among the 1,461 diseases recognised in humans, 60% of them are caused by multi- host pathogens capable of moving across species. And roughly 75% of the newly detected infective diseases over the last 30 years have been zoonotic. Here lies the importance of characterizing the rumen resistome, as ARGs could jump from faeces and saliva within and across species, arriving to humans via direct contact, through the food chain or disseminated in the environment (e.g. manure). A good approach to reduce the risks of the emergence of AMR is to understand how they appear, their relationship with the host, how they interact or how they are transmitted to humans. This is one of the goals of the One Health Initiative, which is the integration of human, animal and environmental health under the same framework. This thesis aims to contribute to this Initiative by characterizing the rumen resistome and estimating the host genetic control over thereof. The ruminal metagenome of 472 Friesian cows from 14 commercial Spanish farms were sequenced using the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. After quality control, the DNA reads were analysed with the SQMreads tool from SqueezeMeta (Tamames and Puente-Sánchez, 2019), a pipeline for metagenomics. Aligning each read to a gene reference database and providing the number of copies of each gene present in the sample. We implemented a custom integration of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). The pipeline was implemented in the CESGA super-computing centre in Galicia. As a result, the 69 most prevalent ARGs were determined. The heritability of the relative abundance of the more abundant ARGs ranged between 0.10 (mupA) and 0.49 (tetW). The most remarkable correlations were found between msbA and methane emissions(- 0.45), rpoB2 and fat yield (-0.62) and macB and methane emission (-0.40). Twenty-five of these genes were analysed individually and their phenotypic correlation with bacteriophages was calculated, showing that their relative abundances are highly correlated between them and with the bacteriophages. This can be explained by the presence of a multidrug resistant plasmid and a high horizontal gene transfer mediated by bacteriophages. As a conclusion, we were able to determine the most prevalent ARGs in the ruminal ecosystem, and their relative abundance in the rumen resulted to be highly heritable, with strong genetic correlation with economically important traits. Further studies are needed to gain insights on the role of these genes in the rumen metagenome.[CA] El resistoma ruminal està compost per tots els gens de resistència antimicrobiana (ARG) presents en els microorganismes que habiten en el rumen. L'Organització Mundial de la Salut va advertir sobre el problema dels patògens resistents a antimicrobians (AMR), ja que es preveu que per a 2050 els bacteris multirresistentes deixaran 10 milions de matesal any, superant al càncer com el nostre principal problema de salut. Entre les 1,461 malalties reconegudes en humans, el 60% d'elles són causades per patògens de múltiples hostes capaços de moure's a través d'espècies. Aproximadament el 75% de les malalties infeccioses recentment detectades han sigut zoonóticas. Ací radica la importància de caracteritzar el resistoma ruminal, ja que els ARG podrien botar de les excrements i la saliva tant entre com intra espècies, arribant als humans per contacte directe, a través de la cadena alimentària o disseminats en el medi ambient (per exemple, fem) . Un bon enfocament per a reduir els riscos de l'aparició d'AMR és comprendre com apareixen, la seua relació amb l'hoste, com interactuen o com es transmeten als humans. Este és un dels objectius de la Iniciativa Una Única Salut (One Health Initiative) que busca la integració de la salut humana, animal i ambiental davall el mateix marc. El metagenoma ruminal de 472 vaques frisones de 14 granges comercials espanyoles va ser seqüenciat usant el dispositiu miniàs d'Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Després del control de qualitat, les lectures d'ADN es van analitzar amb la ferramenta SQMreads de SqueezeMeta (Tamames i Puente-Sánchez, 2019), una pipeline per a metagenómica. Alineant cada lectura amb una base de dades de referència de gens i proporcionant el nombre de còpies de cada gen present en la mostra. Implementem una integració personalitzada de la Base de dades integral de resistència a antibiòtics (CARD). La pipeline es va implementar en el centre de supercomputació CESGA. Com resultat, es van determinar els 69 ARG més prevalents. L'heredabilidad de l'abundància relativa dels ARG més abundants va oscil·lar entre 0,10 (mupA) i 0,49 (tetW) . Les correlacions més notables es van trobar entre msbA i metà (- 0.45) , rpoB2 i rendiment de greix (- 0.62) i macB i emissió de metà (-0.40). Es van analitzar 25 d'estos gens individualment i es va calcular la seua correlació fenotípica amb bacteriòfags, la qual cosa va demostrar que estan altament correlacionats entre ells i amb els propis bacteriòfags. Açò pot explicar-se per la presència d'un plasmidi resistent a múltiples fàrmacs i a una alta transferència horitzontal de gens mediada per bacteriòfags. Com a conclusió, vam poder determinar els ARG més prevalents en l'ecosistema ruminal, que van mostrar una alta heredabilidad de la seua abundància relativa, amb una forta correlació genètica amb trets econòmicament importants. Es necessiten més estudis per a obtindre informació sobre el paper d'estos gens en el metagenoma ruminal.López Catalina, A. (2020). Dairy cattle ruminal resistome: characterisation and association with productive traits. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150876TFG

Digital Platform of the second industrial market

Treball Final de Grau en Administració d'Empreses. Codi: AE1049. Curs 2018-2019The online platform of the second industrial market is an idea of a business project for the creation and implementation of a new business model without a presence in the network today. A project with global cavity with the use of new technologies. The idea is born from one of the most important needs and duties of the world and society today: caring for the planet. Focused on the ideas and creation of sustainable products in contribution to the environment, which make use of the 3 rd rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. The objective of the project is to take care and protect the world where we live, reusing and taking advantage of all those materials that do not need companies, and that can be used by others. Giving them a new value in the form of a product and at an economic level, putting them back into circulation in the market with innovative concepts and different utilities. Throughout this project the possible viability of the project is studied, analyzed and concluded, and what objectives and incentives it has for companies that participate in the digital platform. The viability of the project goes through a necessary online presence, where reuse and recycle have the digital transformation they deserve, making it possible for companies from different locations to get in touch in order to exchange useful materials between them. What may be no longer necessary materials in the value chain of one company, in that of another, may be the input of its product manufacturing

Use of microbiome data to explain the expression of productive traits in domestic species

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 11-03-2022El descubrimiento de comunidades microbianas asociadas simbióticamente a organismos eucariotas ha llevado a un cambio de paradigma en la definición de individuo biológico, que ahora se ve como una combinación codependiente del hospedador y su microbioma, u holobionte. Por tanto, el estudio de los microbiomas se ha convertido en algo fundamental para comprender la biología de los organismos vivos complejos. De hecho, se ha observado que las comunidades microbianas poseen un papel crucial en la salud, supervivencia, desarrollo y metabolismo del hospedador. Los recientes avances en secuenciación genética han supuesto un importante impulso para la investigación en microbiología, al permitir la obtención de bases de datos de secuenciación masiva que abarcan una gran parte de la diversidad presente dentro de los microbiomas. La era del next-generation sequencing ha aportado nuevos conocimientos sobre el efecto de las comunidades microbianas sobre el fenotipo del hospedador, con especial relevancia del microbioma intestinal. Para la industria ganadera este hecho ha dado lugar a importantes avances en la comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos que influyen en productividad, sostenibilidad y bienestar animal, lo que podría ser útil para afrontar los desafíos existentes en este sector...The discovery of microbial communities symbiotically associated with eukaryotic organisms has led to a paradigm shift in the definition of the biological individual, which is now seen as a co-dependent combination of the host and its microbiome, or holobiont. Thus, the study of microbiomes has become essential to understand the biology of complex living organisms. Indeed, current research points to a crucial role of microbial communities in host health, survivability, development and metabolism. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have entailed a significant boost to microbial research, allowing the generation of massive sequencing databases encompassing a large proportion of the diversity inside microbiomes. The era of next-generation sequencing has brought new knowledge about the role of microbial communities, with special significance for gut microbiomes, in host phenotype. For livestock industry, this has led to important advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms influencing animal welfare, productivity and sustainability, which could be useful to face existing challenges in animal production...Fac. de VeterinariaTRUEunpu

Architectural Indoor Analysis: A Holistic Approach to Understand the Relation of Higher Education Classrooms and Academic Performance

The influence of learning space on users has been broadly accepted and tested. However, the literature has focused on single factor research, instead of holistic approaches. Additionally, lower educational levels have been the focus of interest, while higher education is moving towards multi-method teaching. This paper focuses on how learning spaces for different purposes (practice and lecture rooms) may influence academic performance from a holistic approach of learning physical environment perception. For this, the iPEP scale (Indoor physical environment perception) is used and validated through Cronbach Alpha and Exploratory Factorial Analysis. Then, multiple linear regression is conducted. The results indicate that iPEP measures near to 63 percent of the construct, which is structured in six factors. Moreover, linear regression analyses support previous literature concerning the influence of learning physical environment on academic performance (R2 = 0.154). The differences obtained between practice and lecture room in terms of predictor variables bring to the light the need to diagnose learning environments before designing changes in educational buildings. This research provides a self-reported way to measure indoor environments, as well as evidence concerning the modern university, which desires to combine several teaching methods