Los programas de mediación entre iguales: una herramienta eficaz para la convivencia escolar

A pesar de las ventajas de los sistemas de mediación entre iguales, todavía son escasos los estudios que incorporan una evaluación científica del impacto de estos programas. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio era el de analizar el impacto de los programas de mediación entre iguales en Educación Secundaria, a través de los roles que adoptaban los menores ante los conflictos, así como de sus actitudes províctima. Para lograr este objetivo, se compararon dos centros públicos de Educación Secundaria, de similares características, uno de ellos con programa de mediación entre iguales, y el otro, sin programa de mediación. En ambos centros, se administró la Escala de roles “Adivina quién” (Salmivalli et al., 1996; adaptada por Sutton y Smith, 1999), a 323 alumnos de 12-15 años, tanto en tiempo 1 (situación inicial), como en tiempo 2 (tras la aplicación del programa). Los resultados muestran, en el centro sin programa de mediación escolar, fundamentalmente un incremento de las actitudes províctima, lo cual apunta hacia una mejora explícita en el centro con mediación.Although the advantages of peer mediation systems are outstanding, few studies have included a longitudinal design and a scientific measure of the impact of these programs. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyse the impact of peer mediation programs in high school education, throughout the roles adopted in the conflict, and the attitudes pro-victim. In order to attain this goal, two public high schools, with similar characteristics, were compared: one developing a peer mediation program, and one not developing it. The Role Scale Nominations from Salmivalli et al. (1996), was administered to 323 students from 12-15 years old, in time 1 (baseline), and time 2 (after program development). Results showed mainly the increase of the attitudes pro-victim in the school with mediation program, indicating a clear improvement due to this type of programs.Ministerio de Educación EDU2010-21791Fundació Caixa P1.1B2010-16Castelló Bancaixa P1.1B2010-1

Inference in supervised spectral classifiers for on-board hyperspectral imaging: An overview

Machine learning techniques are widely used for pixel-wise classification of hyperspectral images. These methods can achieve high accuracy, but most of them are computationally intensive models. This poses a problem for their implementation in low-power and embedded systems intended for on-board processing, in which energy consumption and model size are as important as accuracy. With a focus on embedded anci on-board systems (in which only the inference step is performed after an off-line training process), in this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of the inference properties of the most relevant techniques for hyperspectral image classification. For this purpose, we compare the size of the trained models and the operations required during the inference step (which are directly related to the hardware and energy requirements). Our goal is to search for appropriate trade-offs between on-board implementation (such as model size anci energy consumption) anci classification accuracy

A single slice approach for simulating two-beam electron diffraction of nanocrystals

[EN] A simple computational method that can be used to simulate TEM image contrast of an electron beam diffracted by a crystal under two-beam dynamical scattering conditions is presented. The approach based on slicing the shape factor is valid for a general crystal morphology, with and without crystalline defects, avoids the column approximation, and provides the complex exit wave at the focal and the image planes also under weak-beam conditions. The approach is particularly efficient for large crystals and the 3D model required for the calculations can be measured experimentally using electron tomography. The method is applied to show that the shape of a diffracted spot can be affected by shifts, broadening and secondary maxima of appreciable intensity, even for a perfect crystal. The methodology is extended for the case of electron precession diffraction, and to show how can be used to improve nanometrology from diffraction patterns. The method is used also to perform simulations of simple models of crystalline defects. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated through examples of experimental and simulated dark-field images of MgO and ZrO2 nanocrystals and thin layers of CeO2

Reflexiones sobre la integración de programas bilingües en los estudios de ingeniería

Un 80 % de las ofertas de trabajo en el sector de la ingeniería requieren un amplio conocimiento de una lengua extranjera, principalmente el inglés. En ocasiones este requisito se valora más que el expediente académico. Un grado bilingüe es aquel que se ha estudiado, totalmente o en parte, en otro idioma. Cada vez son más los estudios de ingeniería que integran, gradualmente, la impartición de asignaturas en el formato bilingüe, adoptando como segundo idioma, el inglés. Las ventajas que ofrece esta opción a los futuros egresados son notables. A esto se suma, que cada vez un número mayor de estudiantes, realiza programas de intercambio con otras universidades europeas, esto ha sido potenciado por la creación de convenios y dobles titulaciones. No obstante, en todo este proceso se detectan unas carencias e impedimentos para poder integrar masivamente los programas bilingües y sus ventajas. El presente artículo estudia algunas iniciativas de implantación de estos programas, problemas detectados y las lecciones aprendidas

Desarrollo de metodologías interactivas basadas en las nuevas tecnologías

El Grado de Ingeniería Civil tiene una componente marcadamente práctica en sus asignaturas, siendo este aspecto fundamental para la adquisición de las competencias esperadas en los futuros ingenieros. Precisamente, éste es el caso de las asignaturas que se imparten desde el área de conocimiento de Ingeniería del Terreno. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los estudiantes desarrollan las prácticas de forma presencial, no disponen de un soporte físico que desarrolle los conceptos tratados. Durante los últimos tres años se han desarrollado e implementando una serie de mejoras en la metodología docente relacionadas con las nuevas tecnologías, permitiendo el uso de dispositivos electrónicos por parte del alumnado y estimulando su uso en el proceso de aprendizaje. Estas tecnologías permiten que el alumnado pueda reproducir y ejercitar los conocimientos prácticos tanto durante las sesiones presenciales como fuera de ellas. Igualmente, han permitido que los estudiantes desarrollen el autoaprendizaje interactivo a la vez que guiado. La metodología expuesta se ha aplicado a las prácticas de reconocimiento de rocas, y es fácilmente exportable a otros ámbitos tales como las prácticas de campo y otras prácticas de laboratorio. Dicha metodología está basada en el los códigos QR, Quick Response Code, recurriéndose a ella tras la constatación de que el alumnado actual es un usuario asiduo de los dispositivos móviles

Implementación de metodologías docentes interactivas basadas en las nuevas tecnologías en Ingeniería del Terreno

Las asignaturas que se imparten desde el área de conocimiento de Ingeniería del Terreno del Departamento de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad de Alicante tienen una componente práctica muy importante. Sin embargo, los alumnos, tras finalizar la práctica presencial no disponen de un soporte físico que les permita reproducir lo realmente plasmado durante su desarrollo. Con el fin de subsanar esta deficiencia, durante los últimos tres años, desde nuestro ámbito de conocimiento, hemos venido implementando una serie de mejoras en la metodología docente relacionadas con las nuevas tecnologías. Ello ha permitido que el alumnado pueda reproducir algunas prácticas de laboratorio de forma deslocalizada (tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio), a través de la conexión a los sitios web implementados a tal efecto. Sin embargo, algunas prácticas, tales como las de reconocimiento de materiales pétreos o incluso las de campo, no se adaptan bien a la metodología anteriormente citada. Es por ello, que en este trabajo se plantea implementar una nueva propuesta metodológica, más interactiva, exportable fácilmente incluso a las prácticas de campo. La tecnología elegida está basada en los códigos QR, Quick response Code, recurriéndose a ella tras la constatación de que el alumnado actual es un usuario asiduo de los dispositivos móviles

Metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes?

Funding Information: This research was supported by the Project PID2019-103914RB-I00 from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain) and by Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (Spain), grant number 20880/PI/18. J.A.G.-B. was supported by a Standard European Marie Curie Fellowship from the European Commission. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 838991. A.C.M. and C.E.I.-A. are the holders of predoctoral grants from MINECO (grant number BES-2016-078098) and MICINN (grant number FPU18/03961) (Spain), respectively. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.publishersversionpublishe

UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries

Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC50: 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC50: 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC50: 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC50: 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC50: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50–60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that A. dentata is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption.Fil: Cuesta Ramos, Lucia. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Palacios, Javier. Universidad Arturo Prat (unap);Fil: Barrientos, Ruth E.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Gómez Pelaytay, Jessica Belén. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Castagnini, Juan Manuel. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Barba, Francisco J.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Tapia, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Adrián. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Cifuentes, Fredi. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Simirgiotis, Mario J.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Tuning the Néel temperature in an antiferromagnet: the case of NixCo1−xO microstructures

We show that it is possible to tune the Néel temperature of nickel(II)-cobalt(II) oxide films by changing the Ni to Co ratio. We grow single crystalline micrometric triangular islands with tens of nanometers thickness on a Ru(0001) substrate using high temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Composition is controlled by adjusting the deposition rates of Co and Ni. The morphology, shape, crystal structure and composition are determined by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction, and synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectromicroscopy. The antiferromagnetic order is observed by x-ray magnetic linear dichroism. Antiferromagnetic domains up to micrometer width are observedThis work is supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU)) through Projects Nos MAT2015-64110-C2-1-P, MAT2015-64110-C2-2-P, RTI2018-095303-B-C51, and RTI2018-095303-B-C53, by the European Commission through Project H2020 No. 720853 (Amphibian) and by the Comunidad de Madrid through Project. NANOMAGCOST-CM P2018/NMT-4321. These experiments were performed at the CIRCE beamline of the ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility. A.M. acknowledges funding via a CSIC-Alba agreemen

Real space observation of the magnetic coupling between a Co film and a barium hexaferrite film

RIVA ONLINE 2021 – IBERIAN VACUUM ONLINE MEETING. The Iberian Vacuum Conference, (Reunión Ibérica de Vacío, RIVA) is a joint meeting of the Portuguese Vacuum Society (SOPORVAC) and the Spanish Vacuum Society (ASEVA), 2021 RIVA will take place ON-LINE from 4-6th October 2021. .-https://aseva.es/conferences/riva-online/Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19, BFO) is a hexagonal ferrite with applications as permanent magnet in many different devices due to its high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high coercive field and low cost. However, the moderate saturation magnetization of BFO means that the energy product is orders of magnitude smaller than the one that rare-earth-based magnetic materials offer. To overcome this limitation, a commonly proposed strategy to enhance the energy product is exchange-coupling the magnetically hard component (BFO) with a soft phase in order to improve the combined remanent magnetization without a high loss in coercivity. Nonetheless, the results obtained in other hard/soft systems (SFO/Co bilayers) have pointed out the difficulty to take advantage of this rigid coupling magnetic regime1. In this research, we focus on two steps to investigate the Co/BFO coupling in a bilayer system: first, we sought to obtain BFO films with an in- plane magnetic easy axis to avoid shape anisotropy competition, and second, we deposit Co on top of such a BFO film while monitoring both the BFO and Co magnetic domains