Star formation studies using the Herschel-SPIRE Imaging FTS

The study of low mass star formation in our local Galaxy is particularly suited to HERSCHEL. The SPIRE spectrometer and photometer aboard the spacecraft operate in the ~ 200 - 600�m range and are well suited to probe the cold, dusty environments in molecular clouds where prestellar cores reside. The SPIRE FTS spectrometer is an interferometer, and this instrument design has strengths and weaknesses which are im- portant to understand when using data from the instrument. Herschel is set to continue groundbreaking work in the infrared, building upon earlier work from ISO, IRAS, and SPITZER, probing deep into star forming regions and improving our knowledge of the processes within. In this PhD thesis, we outline the current body of knowledge in low mass star formation. We examine the properties of the SPIRE FTS as a spectrometerusing a small, laboratory designed desktop FTS. We study the intrinsic properties of the instrument, as a way of understanding issues we are likely to see when using the SPIRE FTS in ight. With these issues firmly in mind, we examine the creation and use of SLIDE - an interactive IDL-based tool for processing SPIRE FTS data. SLIDE can extract line and continuum information from SPIRE FTS SEDs. We outline the creation, testing and use of SLIDE and provide examples of the use of SLIDE in astronomy with some examples from the literature. We then use the line information we extract from a variety of sources with the spectrometer, to examine how SED fitting from photometer data could be affected by line contamination. We simulate a wide range of greybodies with noise and line con- tamination and examine how SED fitting is affected. Our simulations conclude that line contamination is not enough to affect the recovery of temperature and spectral index B significantly. Finally we use the information we have deduced to examine SPIRE FTS SEDs of L1689B - a prestellar core located in Ophiuchus. Our SED fitting of the core confirms that this core is starless with no internal heating source, and the spectral index profile over the core morphology is consistent with an increasing density of fractal aggregrate grains towards the centre. The increase in grain density and spectral index profile is also in agreement with previous CO depletion data. Fractal grain growth of this nature is consistent with dust grain models.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Star formation studies using the Herschel-SPIRE Imaging FTS

The study of low mass star formation in our local Galaxy is particularly suited to HERSCHEL. The SPIRE spectrometer and photometer aboard the spacecraft operate in the ~ 200 - 600�m range and are well suited to probe the cold, dusty environments in molecular clouds where prestellar cores reside. The SPIRE FTS spectrometer is an interferometer, and this instrument design has strengths and weaknesses which are im- portant to understand when using data from the instrument. Herschel is set to continue groundbreaking work in the infrared, building upon earlier work from ISO, IRAS, and SPITZER, probing deep into star forming regions and improving our knowledge of the processes within. In this PhD thesis, we outline the current body of knowledge in low mass star formation. We examine the properties of the SPIRE FTS as a spectrometerusing a small, laboratory designed desktop FTS. We study the intrinsic properties of the instrument, as a way of understanding issues we are likely to see when using the SPIRE FTS in ight. With these issues firmly in mind, we examine the creation and use of SLIDE - an interactive IDL-based tool for processing SPIRE FTS data. SLIDE can extract line and continuum information from SPIRE FTS SEDs. We outline the creation, testing and use of SLIDE and provide examples of the use of SLIDE in astronomy with some examples from the literature. We then use the line information we extract from a variety of sources with the spectrometer, to examine how SED fitting from photometer data could be affected by line contamination. We simulate a wide range of greybodies with noise and line con- tamination and examine how SED fitting is affected. Our simulations conclude that line contamination is not enough to affect the recovery of temperature and spectral index B significantly. Finally we use the information we have deduced to examine SPIRE FTS SEDs of L1689B - a prestellar core located in Ophiuchus. Our SED fitting of the core confirms that this core is starless with no internal heating source, and the spectral index profile over the core morphology is consistent with an increasing density of fractal aggregrate grains towards the centre. The increase in grain density and spectral index profile is also in agreement with previous CO depletion data. Fractal grain growth of this nature is consistent with dust grain models

Observations of Arp 220 using Herschel-SPIRE: An Unprecedented View of the Molecular Gas in an Extreme Star Formation Environment

We present Herschel SPIRE-FTS observations of Arp~220, a nearby ULIRG. The FTS continuously covers 190 -- 670 microns, providing a good measurement of the continuum and detection of several molecular and atomic species. We detect luminous CO (J = 4-3 to 13-12) and water ladders with comparable total luminosity; very high-J HCN absorption; OH+, H2O+, and HF in absorption; and CI and NII. Modeling of the continuum yields warm dust, with T = 66 K, and an unusually large optical depth of ~5 at 100 microns. Non-LTE modeling of the CO shows two temperature components: cold molecular gas at T ~ 50 K and warm molecular gas at T ~1350 K. The mass of the warm gas is 10% of the cold gas, but dominates the luminosity of the CO ladder. The temperature of the warm gas is in excellent agreement with H2 rotational lines. At 1350 K, H2 dominates the cooling (~20 L_sun/M_sun) in the ISM compared to CO (~0.4 L_sun/M_sun). We found that only a non-ionizing source such as the mechanical energy from supernovae and stellar winds can excite the warm gas and satisfy the energy budget of ~20 L_sun/M_sun. We detect a massive molecular outflow in Arp 220 from the analysis of strong P-Cygni line profiles observed in OH+, H2O+, and H2O. The outflow has a mass > 10^{7} M_sun and is bound to the nuclei with velocity < 250 km/s. The large column densities observed for these molecular ions strongly favor the existence of an X-ray luminous AGN (10^{44} ergs/s) in Arp 220.Comment: Accepted in ApJ on September 1, 201

Angiogenesis Markers Quantification in Breast Cancer and Their Correlation with Clinicopathological Prognostic Variables

Tumoural angiogenesis is essential for the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of angiogenesis markers in tumours and there reflecting levels in serum of breast cancer patients. Angiogenin, Ang2, fibroblast growth factor basic, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and VEGF-A were measured using a FASTQuant angiogenic growth factor multiplex protein assay. We observed that breast cancer tumours exhibited high levels of PDGF-BB, bFGF and VEGF, and extremely high levels of TIMP-1 and Ang-2, whereas in serum we found significantly higher levels of Ang-2, PDGF-BB, bFGF, ICAM-1 and VEGF in patients with breast cancer compared to the benign breast diseases patients. Moreover, some of these angiogenesis markers evaluated in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients exhibited association with standard clinical parameters, ER status as well as MVD of tumours. Angiogenesis markers play important roles in tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Our results suggest that analysis of angiogenesis markers in tumour and serum of breast cancer patients using multiplex protein assay can improve diagnosis and prognosis in this diseases

Personal Income Tax in the Countries of Visegrad Group

Import 01/09/2009Prezenční120 - Katedra evropské integracevelmi dobř

The Introduction of Euro in the Czech Republic with Aiming on the Convergence Criterion of the Public Finance State

Import 04/07/2011Diplomová práce se zabývá přijetím eura v České republice se zaměřením na vládní deficit a vládní dluh České republiky. Součástí práce je popis vývoje eurozóny a konvergenčních kritérii pro přijetí eura. Práce také popisuje plnění konkrétních konvergenčních kritérií pro přijetí eura v České republice. Nezbytnou součástí práce je vývoj veřejných rozpočtů v České republice. Na základě zjištěných údajů jsou v závěru práce navržena některá doporučení pro tvůrce hospodářské politiky České republiky.This Diploma Thesis deals with the adoption of the Euro in the Czech Republic, focusing on government deficit and government debt of the Czech Republic. It contains the description of the evolution of Eurozone and the convergence criteria for Euro adoption. The work also describes the implementation of specific convergence criteria for Euro adoption in the Czech Republic. An essential part of this work is the development of public budgets in the Czech Republic. Based on the retrieved data from the research there are several recommendations for the policy-makers of the Czech Republic in the conclusion.120 - Katedra evropské integracevýborn