Mysticism in Marketing The Art of Literature

The paper postulates that the art of literature is important in the history of civilization because of its relationships with the sciences, which have enhanced the role of literature in the enlightenment process, making it a hard to underestimate means of consumption that nurtures, develops, and enriches the internal worlds of people. It is for that reason that a close relationship and a parallel dialogue between its main constituents can be observed from a perspective of interdisciplinary relations, between literature and marketing including the concept of consumption and attitudes. Consumption habits, consumption rituals and mystical elements are among the tools that encourage consumption and affect the consumer as well as the arguments that form and define these elements. Based on relevant observations, it would not be wrong to make the claim that even literature is encircled by marketing

Characteristics of Marine Recreational Fishing in the anakkale Strait (Turkey)

The economic and harvest impacts of Marine Recreational Fishing (MRF) in Çanakkale Strait were analysed along with fishing policy, sociology and habits of fishers. Data sources included field survey data carried out along the entire length of the Çanakkale strait and policy information gathered from published sources. MRF policy is commendable, even in the fishing tourism sector, and is better developed than that in many other European countries. In Çanakkale, 9.9% of the population is recreational fishers. Recreational fishers are typically men (90%), primarily those between the ages of 25 and 49 yrs. The occupation of the recreational fishers ranged from self-employed (28%), students (28%), retired persons (22%) and public employees (15%), to currently-unemployed persons (7%). An analysis of diel behaviour showed that most recreational fishers preferred fishing during the day (56.1%), while the evening was the next most preferred time for fishing (18%), followed by the night-time (9.8%), while a substantial number of recreational fishers (16.1%) reported that they fished at any time of day. The most popular type of fishing was shore-based (68%), followed by boat-based (21%), and underwater fishing (11%). The mean daily fishing times were 6.07 h d-1, 6.18 h d-1 4.75 d-1 for boat-based, underwater and shore-based fishing, respectively. Summer and autumn were the preferred seasons for shore-based and underwater fishing, while autumn and winter were preferred for boat-based fishing. The highest Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was observed for boat-based fishing (2.77 kg h-1), followed by underwater (0.97 kg h-1) and shore-based fishing (0.81 kg h-1). The catch composition included 51 species, though the catch composition of each fishing type was mostly comprised of only 3 or 4 species. The impact of the MRF harvest was high (30% of commercial fishing), particularly for bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and picarel (Spicara smaris) species. The economic impact of MRF was highly negative. Several indicators including the following revealed a high percentage of trading catch (47%) being conducted under the guise of a recreational label: annual fishing intensity, total costs, target species, and sales. At present, it is evident that the highly developed recreational fishing policy in Turkey is not sufficient to ensure that recreational fishing is sustainable or to prevent fishing conflicts in Turkey. This study revealed the need for establishing monitoring, control and surveillance programs to ensure the sustainability of fish resources and fisheries including MRF

Variación estacional de la actividad reproductiva y de la composición bioquímica de ostra plana (Ostrea edulis) en Homa Lagoon, bahía de Izmir, Turquía

The reproductive cycle of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758, in Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey was examined from August 2008 to July 2009. Gonad samples were analysed histologically in order to determine the sex ratio and gonad development stage. Overall, the sex ratio was recorded as 2.2% female, 42.6% male, 37% hermaphrodite and 17.9% inactive. Glycogen content showed considerable variations between August and February, but decreased gradually thereafter. However, glycogen did not directly affect the reproductive cycle. Total lipid content was positively correlated with temperature and inversely correlated with salinity. In addition, this parameter was influenced by the reproductive activity, which is correlated with the fluctuation of the condition index and gonad index (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between the protein index and the gonad index was negative (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that protein was the major energy resource. The condition index varied between 2.69±0.91 (February) and 12.29±1.45 (April) during the year. With respect to meat yield, oyster quality changed from “fine” to “special”, except in December and February.El ciclo reproductivo de la ostra plana, Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758, en Homa Lagoon, Bahía de Izmir, Turquía, fue examinado entre agosto de 2008 y julio de 2009. Las gónadas se analizaron histológicamente para determinar la proporción de sexos y su estado de desarrollo. La proporción de sexos encontrada fue 2.2% hembras, 42.6% machos, 37% hermafroditas y 17.9% inactivos. El contenido de glucógeno mostró considerables variaciones entre agosto y febrero, pero después de estos meses se produjo un aumento gradual. Sin embargo el glucógeno no afectó directamente el ciclo reproductivo. El contenido total de lípidos se correlacionó positivamente con la temperatura e inversamente con la salinidad. Además, este parámetro estuvo influenciado por la actividad reproductiva, que se correlaciona con la fluctuación del índice de condición y del índice gonadal (P < 0,05). Sin embargo la relación entre el índice de proteína y el índice gonadal fue negativa (P < 0,05). Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la proteína era la principal fuente de energía. El índice de condición varió entre 2.69±0.91 (febrero) y 12.29±1.45 (abril) durante el año. En lo que respecta a la producción de carne, la calidad de las ostras pasó de “fine” to “special”, excepto en diciembre y febrero

Dužinsko-maseni i dužinsko-dužinski odnos za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu

This study exhibits relationships between length-weight and length-length for 21 fish species caught in Izmir Bay. Coefficients a and b for the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) were calculated with W=aLb formulae and as equations of TL=a+bFL and TL=a+bSL respectively. Equations of length-length for converting standard length and fork length into total length and vice versa were proven linear. The involved relationships were significantly interrelated (R2>0.942). Values b in the LWRs varied from 2.21 to 3.96 (mean ± SE: 3.15 ± 0.08). The student’s t-test showed that 87.9% of values b were significantly different from 3.U ovom radu se prikazuje povezanost dužinsko-masenog odnosa i dužinsko-dužinskog odnosa za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu. Koeficijenti a i b za odnos dužinsko-masenog (LWR) i odnos dužinsko-dužinskog (LLR) izračunati su s formulama W = a/b i kao jednadžbom TL = a + bFL i TL = a + bSL. Jednadžbe za pretvaranja standardne duljine i vilične duljine u ukupnu duljinu i obrnuto, pokazale su se linearnima. Uključeni odnosi bili su značajno međusobno povezani (R2> 0,942). Vrijednosti b u LWR varirale su od 2,21 do 3,96 (srednja vrijednost ± SE: 3,15 ± 0,08). Stu-dentov t-test pokazao je da se 87,9% vrijednosti b značajno razlikuje od 3

Primary Solitary Tuberculosis of the Liver

Primary solitary tuberculous involvement of the liver is a rare condition. We present the case of a patient who was operated on with a preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver resection was performed and antituberculous therapy was started. It is difficult to make the correct diagnosis preoperatively except when a successful needle biopsy can be performed. Despite the rarity of the condition primary solitary tuberculosis should be considered among the space occupying lesions of the liver

Phantom steatosis of the liver:Report of a case

A patient, referred under a diagnosis of metastatic liver tumors, was found to have multiple areas of focal fatty change (FFC) which, during follow-up, exhibited discordant evolutions. To our knowledge, this phenomenon-regression of a FFC lesion with concurrent appearance or progression of other similar lesions in the same patient, has been reported in only one previous case. FFC can be strongly suggested by clinical, biochemical and radiologic criteria. However, an exact diagnosis can only be made with biopsy. To avoid misdiagnosing a malignancy as FFC and vice versa, biopsy should be performed without hesitation in all patients in whom a change in approach is possible

Adult spawning and early larval development of the endangered bivalve Pinna nobilis

[EN] The development of aquaculture activities has posed an alternative solution for the preservation of some overexploited shell¿sh ¿sheries worldwide. In the same way, endemic Mediterranean bivalves such as Pinna nobilis, highly threatened by habitat loss and coastal pollution, could found in aquaculture a solution for preserving the continuity of the species. Given the endangered status of the species, the biological and ecological processes regulating natural populations have been well studied, but there are still important knowledge gaps preventing the development of viable arti¿cial cultures. This study describes for the ¿rst time the larval development of P. nobilis (from fertilization until pediveliger larval stages) in captivity conditions. Moreover, di¿erent rearing tanks of 5, 16 and 80 L, larvae density from 1 to 600 larvae mL¿1, light conditions, food doses, were tested in order to establish the bases for the optimal rearing of the species and provide a source of individuals for restoring ¿eld populations. Results showed that 16 L tanks with a concentration of 2 larvae mL¿1, constant temperature of 21 °C, 12/12 h photoperiod and fed with an ¿optimal¿ mixture of 25 cells per ¿L of Chaetoceros calcitrans + 33.3 cells per¿L ofPavlova lutheri + 100 cells per¿L ofIsochrysis galbana¿ appear to be the best conditions to rearlarvae ofP. nobilis.Di¿erentcaptivity conditions such as loweror highertank volume, larvae density, or food doses; light privation did not report better results for larval development.The present study was financed by the Caisse d'Epargne Cote d'Azur. We are also grateful to the research crew of the Institut Oceanographique Paul Ricard and the Catholic University of Valencia for their technical support and help collecting and maintaining fan mussels. Special thanks to the reviewers for their constructive and necessary suggestions.Trigos, S.; Vicente, N.; Prado, P.; Espinos Gutierrez, FJ. (2018). Adult spawning and early larval development of the endangered bivalve Pinna nobilis. Aquaculture. 483:102-110. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.015S10211048

Preliminary study of settlement of flat oyster spat (Ostreaedulis L.) on oyster and mussel shell collectors

Oyster recruitment was monitored in Karantina Island near Izmir, Turkey, from May to October 1999. The aim of the study was to determine the recruitment pattern for six months and the most suitable time to collect oyster spat from nature. Oyster and mussel shells were used as sub- strates in spat collectors. Five groups of each type of collector were deployed from May to August. The recruitment levels were highest in the groups deployed on June 16, with 4069 and 1575 oyster spats collected on the oyster and mussel shell collectors, respectively. Spat recruit- ment varied considerably between collector types as well as between the outsides and insides of shells (p<0.05). Spats larger than 10 mm were found on the second or third sampling date in each group for both oyster and mussel shell collectors. Barnacles (Balanus sp.) settled on both collector types in high numbers throughout the study. Data suggest that maximum recruitment in this area is most likely to occur on both collector types between May and mid-June

Larvae Development Stages of the European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis)

This paper reports on the larvae development of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758), from veliger to pediveliger stage. Adult oysters were induced to spawn by thermal stimulation and large amounts of veliger larvae were obtained for study. Veliger larvae were cultured in 180-l bins at a den- sity of 3 larvae/ml. Larvae, reared at 20±2°C and fed 8-200 x 103 cells/ml of Isochrysis galbana, reached pediveliger larvae in 17 days. Shell length and width at the beginning of the pediveliger stage were 254 and 233 μm, respec- tively. Survival rate from veliger to viable pediveliger stage was 15.5%