Contributo da criptoméria para sequestro de carbono nos Açores

Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteA presente dissertação pretende avaliar a contribuição da espécie exótica Cryptomeria japonica para o sequestro de carbono da floresta açoriana. Na primeira parte da tese é desenvolvida uma metodologia laboratorial para aferição da percentagem de carbono presente na matéria seca desta espécie. Foram obtidos valores médios de carbono de 52,04% para a copa, 50,56% para o fuste e 49,82% para a raiz. Na segunda parte da tese são determinados os valores dos stocks de carbono e é avaliada a capacidade de sequestro da Cryptomeria japonica através dos dados do Inventário Florestal dos Açores de 2007 disponibilizados pelos serviços florestais da ilha Terceira. Verificou-se ser o fuste a componente que contabiliza um maior armazenamento de carbono, seguido da copa e da raiz, com valores médios de stock iguais a 150,2;56,4 e 51,9 t C ha-1 respetivamente. Os valores de stock foram também estimados tendo em conta a real área de ocupação da espécie pelas diferentes ilhas analisadas. A contabilização dos stocks totais presentes na floresta de Cryptomeria foi estimada em 2816 ± 1594Gg de C, representando cerca de 2% dos stocks da floresta portuguesa. O valor médio de sequestro obtido nas parcelas de inventário de 8,36 t C ha-1ano-1 em PPL, correspondente a uma remoção de CO2 de 30 t ha-1ano-1. Verificou-se também que o sequestro de carbono aumenta com o aumento dos parâmetros altura total (Ht), diâmetro quadrático médio (dg) e Idade (I) durante os primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento da planta.This dissertation aims to assess the contribution of the various constituents of the exotic Cryptomeria japonica for forest carbon sequestration in Azores Islands. In the first part of the thesis is developed a laboratory method to measure the percentage of carbon present in the dry matter of this kind. Were obtained average carbon values of 52.04% for the canopy, and 50.56% to 49.82% for stem and root respectively. In the second part of the thesis are given the values of carbon stocks and evaluated the ability of carbon sequestration from Cryptomeria japonica through 2007 forest inventory data provided by the forest services of Azores. It was proved to be the stem, the component that contains more carbon per plot (150,2 t C ha-1) followed by the canopy (56,4 t C ha-1) and root (51,9 t C ha-1). The total stock values have also been estimated taking into account the actual area of the specie’s occupation on each island. The total stock present in the forest of Cryptomeria japonica was estimated in 2816 ± 1594 Gg, a value that represents approximately 2% of the Portuguese forest stock. The average value of the rate of carbon sequestration of this specie equals 8,36 t C ha-1year-1 expressed in NPP, corresponding to a CO2 fixation of 30 t ha-1year-1 .It was also found that carbon sequestration increases with the increase of the parameters total height (ht), mean square diameter (dg) and age (I) during the early stages of plant development

Public Art Journal

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Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Diferenças nas percepções dos valores organizacionais dos gestores públicos em Portugal

As pesquisas empíricas no âmbito da administração pública têm dedicado pouca atenção à problemática dos valores que orientam a gestão no setor público, embora muita pesquisa sobre os valores tenha sido desenvolvida quer na perspetiva filosófica, quer na perspetiva dos estudos das organizações e do trabalho. O presente artigo cinge-se aos valores públicos e reporta a análise estatística das perceções sobre valores organizacionais de gestores públicos portugueses. Contrariando a noção corrente acerca dos efeitos da reforma da administração pública, os resultados permitem verificar a existência de diferenças significativas nas perceções sobre valores organizacionais associados ao setor público face aos demais valores organizacionais, em particular, face aos valores organizacionais associados ao setor privado. Esses resultados acarretam como implicação a necessidade de rever o debate sobre a extensão em que o paradigma europeu continental é tido como subjugado ao paradigma da common law.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O inventário nacional do património geológico : abordagem metodológica e resultados = The national inventory of geological heritage : methodological approach and results

A existência de um inventário nacional de património geológico é fundamental para se poderem implementar estratégias de geoconservação. Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia usada no desenvolvimento do mais completo inventário de geossítios. realizado até ao momento em Portugal, assim como os principais resultados obtidos. O inventário vai integrar o Sistema de Informação do Património Natural e o Cadastro Nacional dos Valores Naturais Classificados, ambos geridos pelo Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade