Border security problems in the waters of the Natuna Islands: between national boundaries and illegal fishing

Natuna or better known as the Natuna Islands is one of the border areas in Indonesia that has complex problems. As a cluster of islands bordering Indonesia with Malaysia and Vietnam, the Natuna Islands are also located in the South China Sea region, which is a regional dispute hot spot in East Asia. This paper will discuss the concept of border security and border security issues in the waters of the Natuna Islands. In this paper, the authors argue that the problem of the Indonesian EEZ maritime boundary in the Natuna Islands territorial waters with Malaysia and Vietnam needs to be immediately resolved, because in addition to sovereignty, the precision of the EEZ boundary with neighboring countries will be related to the management of natural resources contained in the particular territorial waters. This condition is increasingly complicated when China with its nine-dashed line has raised problems of overlapping claims in the Natuna waters. In addition, the obscurity of maritime boundaries is used by certain parties to carry out illegal fishing in the maritime areas currently being disputed by the neighboring countries

Maritime border security and challenges for Indonesia

The issue of border security had drawn much attention for being an important part of a country’s national security and sovereignty, in addition to its dynamic and complex nature. Indonesia as an archipelagic country faces many problems and challenges in its maritime border areas, in addition to the problems of unresolved state borders with its neighboring countries. Indonesia also faces various trans-boundary crime actions near the maritime border areas. This study aimed at developing a conceptual framework of maritime border security and explaining the challenges of maritime border security. This study applied the qualitative approach by focusing on secondary data. The secondary data were obtained by means of analyses of documents, books, journals, magazines, bulletins and newspaper, including internet sources that were relevant with this study. The findings of this study show that Indonesia faced dynamic and complex problems of maritime border security, not only the problems of unsettled borders with several neighboring countries, but also many transboundary criminal activities in its maritime border areas. The problems of overlapping regulations and institutions added up to the problems to cope with the problems of maritime border security. This study recommends that the government of Indonesia needs to intensify the border diplomacy regarding the maritime borders with the neighboring countries in order to reach delimitation agreements of its maritime border. Further, the government of Indonesia should do immediate reorganization of regulations and institutions of maritime border security to handle all forms of trans-boundary crimes

Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Karya Ilmiah Guru (Studi Kasus di Lingkungan Mts YAPI Pakem)

Sudah banyak pemberitaan lokal maupun nasional terkait isu penarikan sertifikasi guru untuk sementara waktu apabila selama lima tahun yang bersangkutan tidak membuat karya ilmiah. Hal ini menunjukkan minat guru untuk meneliti dan menyusun karya ilmiah masih kurang.  Diantara penyebabnya adalah sebagian besar guru kurang motivasi maupun kurang pemahaman tentang analisis data penelitian khususnya terkait Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini, guru MTs Yapi Pakem akan diberikan pembekalan beberapa materi mengenai konsep dasar penelitian beserta analisis data yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan. Diharapkan dengan pemahaman yang cukup mengenai analisis data yang tepat, para guru lebih terampil dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan sehingga menjadi lebih termotivasi dalam penulisan karya ilmiah berkualitas. Dari hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian yang sudah dilakukan kurang lebih empat bulan dengan rangkaian kegiatan berupa: pelatihan mengenai konsep dasar penelitian dengan mendatangkan pakar di bidangnya dan pemberian workshop analisis data sederhana untuk menghitung data kuantitatif, dan pendampingan guru untuk melakukan PTK. Dari hasil pelaksanaan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa minat guru dalam membuat PTK masih kurang dikarenakan dari pihak institusi tidak mewajibkan setiap guru membuat PTK sebagai revolusi pembelajaran sehingga motivasi dan waktu untuk memikirkan PTK sangat rendah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil kuesioner yang diisi oleh para guru. Hasil analisis dari kuesioner tersebut mengindikasikan permasalahan real ada pada motivasi guru dan minat guru yang rendah untuk melakukan penelitian sehingga target yang harusnya dicapai belum terpenuhi

Polymerase chain reaction detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in mice following oral inoculation with the bacteria

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is caused by aetiological agent Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis which is an intracellular gram-positive, facultative anaerobic small curved rod bacteria. The infection of CLA may occur through the ingestion of contaminated food with the bacteria. Hence, this study was conducted to prove that the oral route will give same signs with other routes of transmission. This study was conducted to detect C. pseudotuberculosis using PCR from various organs in mice following oral route inoculation to demonstrate a natural route of the transmission of the bacteria in goat and sheep and the development of cheaper animal models to study C. pseudotuberculosis. A total of 8 mice were inoculated orally with the bacteria and 7 organs were collected for detection using PCR. PCR on DNA extracted using a pair of C. pseudotuberculosis specific primers was positive in some organs which were 3 samples of lymph node, 5 samples of brain and 1 sample of liver. Although the results in this study showed minimum detection of C. pseudotuberculosis in many organs, the PCR used in this study may successfully be applied for the detection and diagnosis of the bacteria in mice and oral inoculation or digestion transmission revealed presence of the bacteria and may produce effect in a chronic period

Developing RME-Based Learning Trajectory for Teaching Addition to A Dyscalculia Student in Elementary School

This research aimed to design an RME-based learning trajectory for a dyscalculia student to learn the addition of whole numbers. The research used design research approach that consists of three phases: preparing for the experiment, conducting the experiment, and retrospective analysis. This research's data collection techniques were observations, interviews, videotaping, and analyzing the student’ works. The main result of this research is the learning trajectory for teaching addition of whole numbers to a dyscalculia student using RME approach. The series of activities in the learning trajectory are addition of whole numbers between 1 and 10 by combining the objects, addition of whole numbers between 1 and 10 using number relations, addition of whole numbers between 1 and 20 using number relations, and finding the concept of place value of tens and ones in addition of numbers. This research also shows the cognitive improvement of dyscalculia student in learning the addition of  whole numbers. Learning activities carried out by the dyscalculia student help him to shif from informal knowledge to formal mathematical knowledge in order to understand the concept of addition of whole numbers. It makes dyscalculia student has number sense, number construction, and number relation abilities which increase significantly in the learning process

Dampak Kebijakan Cadangan Kerugian Penurunan Nilai Dan Pembiayaan Mudharabah Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT Bank Aceh Syariah

The study aims to determine the influence of the Policy on Allowance for Impairment in the Mudharabah Financing value on the Financial Performance of PT Bank Aceh Syariah. This Study Uses Secondary data obtained by viewing the Financial Statements of Bank Syariah. The Data analysis method used is Multiple Linier Regression with the help of Eviews 10. The results Partially Indicate that CKPN Significanly influences the financial performance of PT Bank Aceh Syariah, and Mudharabah financing significanly affects the financial performance of PT Bank Aceh Syariah. Adjusted R Square value of 0.876535 of 0.877 indicate that 87.7% of financial performance is explained and influenced by the independeni variabel CKPN(XI), Mudharabah Financing (X2), and the remaining 12.3% Is influenced by other variables not included in the stud

Design Concept of a Motorcycle Secondary Electronic Lock

Design process of a motorcycle secondary electronic lock system is reported in this paper. The design of a smart lock was established based on an available conventional lock in the market. The process began with design generation to gather related idea and design concept. The design then was subjected to concept evaluation through a design matrix to determine the best option. In addition, selection of internal component and mechanism were evaluated through a morphological chart. The design and component were selected based on the highest score in term of functionality, fabrication, safety and marketability. The chosen design was then converted to a 3D model using computer aid design (CAD) and a simulation strength test was applied to the model by using a commercial software. The simulation using common hacking tool used by theft was successfully conducted and showing positive results on its robustness

Development of a lock biometric authentication system for a battery powered locking device

This paper describes the development of a biometric authentication system in a battery-powered locking device. It differs from the conventional locking system, which connected to an external power supply. The system focuses on a fingerprint-based identification with single button operation. A fingerprint sensor readily available in the market was integrated with an Arduino as the processing unit to unify the button operation as means to trigger functions on the fingerprint sensor and actuator motors, as well as indicating lights for user feedback. The aim of the seamless fingerprint authentication requires a brief matching of users’ fingerprints. A prototype of the system was built and tested. It was found that the device is able to match a fingerprint in less than 1s for up to 50 registered fingerprints. Using a nominal battery capacity of the 12V lithium battery pack with 5000mAh, the amount of current supply to the actuator is sufficient for 400 activations

Complete whole genome sequencing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain UMP001VA, isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota from Malaysia harbouring blaCARB-33 gene

Pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus found in marine and coastal ecosystems can cause infections in marine animals. Increasing antibiotic resistance reported in Vibrio species may be linked to environmental contamination. Here, we present a 4.99-Mbp complete genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus strain UMP001VA, a Gram-negative bacterium that was isolated from the gut content of a sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota collected from Pulau Rhu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The whole genome sequencing was performed using hybrid de novo assembly using Illumina and the Oxford Nanopore Technology platforms. The genome analysis reported a total length of 4,991,208 bp of V. parahaemolyticus genome sequences with 45.3 % GC content. The functional annotation of the genome showcased that 56 genes of V. parahaemolyticus were associated with virulence, disease, and defence function. Virulence factors found in H. leucospilota were related to T3SS1, together with the presence of blaCARB-33 antibiotic resistance gene conferring ampicillin, piperacillin, and amoxicillin drug resistance were reported. The presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes reveals the considerable pathogenic potential of V. parahaemolyticus in sea cucumbers. Therefore, the whole genome sequencing presented here provides a fundamental genome insight for future assessment of V. parahaemolyticus in marine organisms

Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response

High quality graphene production is prerequisite for good performance in nonlinear optics application such as fast optical communications, all-optical switching, and optical limiting. Graphene journey begins with the method of synthesizing graphene which need to be simple, fast, and environmentally friendly. Hence, we introduce the method by exfoliating graphite by electrochemical route to produce good quality functionalized graphene for various nonlinear optics application. In this work, functionalized graphene flakes are synthesis by using two different electrodes; furnaced graphite rod (Gr-FG) and non-furnaced graphite electrode (Gr-NFG). Visual inspection on the synthesized Gr-FG and Gr-NFG show dark murky color solutions give the impression of high yield functionalized graphene flakes. Further observation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV–vis and Raman analysis confirm the good quality functionalized graphene structure. The nonlinear optical behavior of the functionalized graphene was accessed via Z-scan technique with 637 nm laser source operating in continuous mode with simultaneous monitoring of the close and open aperture signal. Close aperture profile of Gr-FG and Gr-NFG display nonlinear refraction, whereas open aperture profile shows reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Equation fitting reveals higher n2 magnitude for Gr-FG compared to Gr-NFG, but the later possess higher magnitude of β. Further analysis on the 3rd order of optical nonlinearity by z-scan technique reveal the admirable value at the range of 10−6 esu. Optical limiting performance conducted via transmittance-based measurement shows superior limiting of Gr-NFG compared to Gr-FG