Areas of Developing University Education in some Saudi Universities from the Point of View of Staff Members: A Field Study

الملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مجالات تطوير التعليم الجامعي في الجامعات السعودية وهي: جامعة أم القرى وجامعة الملك فيصل وجامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية، وبلغ مجتمع الدراسة (1873) عضواً من الأكاديميين السعوديين الذكور من حملة درجة الدكتوراه. وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة، تم تطوير استبانة لجمع المعلومات اللازمة لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، وتكونت من جزئين: الأول لجمع معلومات عامة عن المستجيبين من أفراد عينة الدراسة. والثاني للتعرف على استجابات عينة الدراسة تجاه مجالات الدراسة. كما تم تطوير استمارة مخصصة لإجراء مقابلات شخصية مع بعض قيادات الجامعات السعودية، وبلغ عددهم خمسة أفراد، لاستقراء آرائهم حيال التعليم الجامعي في الجامعات السعودية ومجالات تطويرها، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن أبرز مجالات تطوير التعليم الجامعي تمثلت في: التوسع في إيجاد قاعدة بيانات مشتركة للبحوث العلمية المنشورة؛ ورعاية الطلاب المتفوقين والموهوبين؛ وتطوير البرامج الأكاديمية؛ وزيادة الإفادة من خبرات أعضاء هيئة التدريس في خدمة مؤسسات المجتمع؛ والتقويم المستمر للبرامج؛ وتطبيق معايير الاعتماد الأكاديمي. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لأثر متغير اسم الجامعة لصالح جامعة أم القرى، وكذلك عدم وجود اختلافات جوهرية بين أفراد عينة الدراسة باختلاف طبيعة العمل والتخصص الأكاديمي إزاء تقديرهم وموافقتهم على أهمية المجالات المطروحة لتطوير التعليم الجامعي ومحاولة تحقيقها في جامعاتهم، لما لها من أثر إيجابي في تطوير التعليم الجامعي السعودي. الكلمات المفتاحية: التعليم العالي، وظائف الجامعات، التنمية الشاملة، أهداف التعليم الجامعي، العوامل المؤثرة في مسيرة التعليم العالي.The study aimed to identify areas of developing university education in some Saudi universities. The sample of the study was 1873 male Saudi PhD holders. A survey was developed to collect necessary information to achieve the objective of the study. The survey consisted of two parts. Part I: items about general information about the respondents. Part II: items about their responses regarding areas of the study. An interview form was also developed for interviewing five university leaders from some Saudi universities in order to extrapolate their opinions regarding university education in Saudi universities and the areas of development. The researcher used analytical descriptive methodology. The study results showed that revealed the most important areas for developing university education are the following: developing a common database of published scientific researches; supporting outstanding and talented students; developing academic programs; increasing the use of staff members’ experience in community service; conducting on-going evaluation of programs; and applying standards of academic accreditation. Results of study showed significant statistical differences due to variable effect of university name for Umm Al-Qura University. There were no significant differences among the sample due to the nature of work and academic specialization regarding their evaluation and approval of the importance of the suggested areas to develop university education and the attempt to achieve them in their universities because of the positive effect on developing university education in Saudi Arabia.    Keywords: Higher education, University jobs, Total development, Objectives of university education, Factors effecting higher education development

Case report on tuberous sclerosis: a rare cause of seizure

We report a case of tuberous sclerosis in a 19 years old teenage patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizure. MRI brain showed linear CSF filled structure with surrounding gliosis extending from the frontal horn of right lateral ventricle to the pial surface of right frontal lobe-postoperative change. Multiple small T2/ FLAIR hyper-intensities without diffusion restriction in bilateral frontal temporal parietal and left occipital lobes, predominantly involving the cortex and sub-cortical white matter and small focus of calcification in left parietal peri-ventricular white matter. He was treated with valproic acid, sodium valproate and levetiracetam and showed prompt improvement. Epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex is a group of genetic disorders manifesting in childhood. Secondary causes of tuberous sclerosis should be suspected when there is abrupt onset in adulthood. The case highlights an uncommon case of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis in young adult patient

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Nonprescription Antibiotic Use among Individuals Presenting to One Hospital in Saudi Arabia after the 2018 Executive Regulations of Health Practice Law: A Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health emergency. Nonprescription antibiotic use is a chief cause of antibiotic resistance. The Saudi Government, as a consequence, imposed in 2018 executive regulations to prevent the distribution of antibiotics without a prescription. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for nonprescription antibiotic use among individuals presenting to one hospital in Saudi Arabia after enacting these regulations. This cross-sectional study was conducted on people, aged ≥18 years, who presented to the primary healthcare clinics of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh during the period between 1/1/2019 and 28/2/2019. Participants were asked to fill out a self-administrated questionnaire assessing their nonprescription antibiotic use during the past year in addition to sociodemographic information. Then, logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for age, sex, education, and nationality of any nonprescription antibiotic use compared with no use within the past year. Out of 463 participants, 62.9% were females, 67.4% were <40 years, and 93.7% were Saudi citizens. Overall, 30.5% of participants reported nonprescription antibiotic use during the past year (19.7% one to two times and 10.8% more than two times). Male and non-Saudi participants were more likely to report any nonprescription antibiotic use, with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.99 (1.30, 3.04) and 3.81 (1.73, 8.35), respectively. The main reasons behind nonprescription antibiotic use were having previous experience with a health condition (69.2%), inaccessibility of healthcare (26.6%), and recommendation from a relative or a friend (16.1%). A major limitation of this study was that it included individuals attending one hospital. Individuals who seek medical consultation could be dissimilar to those who do not see doctors regarding nonprescription antibiotic use