Ratcheting a Way Out of the Respectable: Genealogical Interventions Into Atlanta\u27s Respectability Politics

What do Black Lives Matter and Freaknik have in common? In this paper, I will argue that moments of Black Lives Matter in Atlanta exhibited refusals and undoings of respectability politics through the method of the ratchet. I define the ratchet as moments of non-normative embodiment and political possibility that refuse statist and Eurocentric norms through slippage of the self and the engagement of Black queer sexual politics. Freaknik is foregrounded as a ripe space for excavating such a display of the politically ratchet in Atlanta. I will look at a few different moments in the Black Lives Matter movement in the city of Atlanta and read each for currents of ratchetness and respectability, highlighting the importance of the ratchet in political imagination and possibility

Somatic Mutation Detection in Leukemia-Derived Circulating DNA: Utility in Monitoring Clonal Dynamics and Disease Response in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Despite the improved outcome associated with current treatment strategies ofpediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapse still represents a major challenge. Pediatric ALL demonstrates branched evolution in response to selective pressure exerted by therapy; relapse founder clones emerge from pre-leukemic clones or minor subclones present at diagnosis. It is hence crucial to develop biomarkers capable of tracking subclones throughout therapy. Current practices for monitoring disease response in leukemia rely on the analysis of BM biopsy sample at specific time points throughout therapy. Not only the invasiveness of the BM biopsy hinders the sequential sampling, but also, the currently implied techniques are associated with a lack of sensitivity to detect subclones other than the major diagnostic clone. Somatic mutation detection in circulating-tumor DNA (Ct-DNA) offers a new venue for non-invasive studying of genetic heterogeneity and tracking clonal dynamics throughout therapy. Here, we employ targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using a specifically designed ALL custom gene panel for Ct-DNA analysis of sequential plasma samples of 14 pediatric ALL during remission induction therapy. Utilizing 1 ml of plasma, Ct-DNA successfully captured all the clinically relevant somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) detected by whole exome sequencing (WES) in bone marrow (BM) biopsy samples at diagnosis. Moreover, we were able to show the ability of Ct-DNA analysis to track the change in the mutant allele fraction (MAF) across multiple time points as well as, to detect mutations in Flowcytometry (FC) MRD-negative patients. Taken together, sequential analysis of Ct-DNA in plasma demonstrates a role, as a non-invasive technique, for detecting the clonal composition as well as, tracking clonal dynamics in pediatric ALL

Assessing long-term future climate change impacts on extreme low wind events for offshore wind turbines in the UK exclusive economic zone

The impacts of climate change must be considered while planning offshore wind turbines (OWT), as it will result in more frequent and severe weather extremes. To ensure the dependability and affordability of wind energy, it is necessary to address extreme low wind speed events (LWE). This study aims to assess the reliability of wind power in the future by analyzing the rise of low wind durations and intensities in two future periods, 2021–2040 and 2061–2080, compared to the historical period of 1981–2000. The research compares the results for four main regions in the UK EEZ: East, South, West, and North. We examine different cut-in thresholds of 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s, and 6 m/s in the UK exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The seasonal variations in LWE durations <4 m/s demonstrate that summer and autumn have an increase in most of the LWE durations occurrence in the 2061–2080 period in all regions compared to the historical period. Using five days running mean wind speed, the return time for 6 m/s cut-in wind speed shows that OWT will be vulnerable to frequent extreme LWE in most areas, with most sites experiencing a return period of up to 20 years. According to the return year region median and the Risk Ratio (RR) calculations, it is suggested that the South region exhibits a diminished risk of experiencing more frequent instances of wind speeds surpassing the cut-in threshold, specifically when utilizing cut-in thresholds of 5 m/s and 6 m/s, during the period spanning 2021–2040, as compared to the historical period. Furthermore, when employing 6-, 7-, and 8-day running means, the analysis reveals that the return period for wind speeds of 4 m/s in the Western region remains consistently recommended throughout the 2021–2040 period. In contrast, utilizing a 6-day time window for assessing the return period of 4 m/s wind speeds indicates a notable escalation in risk across all regions during the 2061–2080 period

Les cellulites orbitaires: étude prospective à propos de 75 cas

Les cellulites orbitaires est une affection grave par ses complications aussi bien locales, locorégionales  que générales, pouvant engager le pronostic vital et fonctionnel, surtout lorsque le diagnostic est tardif et la prise en charge inappropriée. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques,  cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des cellulites orbitaires et d'insister sur la nécessité d'un diagnostic et d'un traitement précoces, afin d'éviter ses complications. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective concernent 75 patients présentant une cellulite orbitaire, menée au service d'Ophtalmologie et d'ORL au CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech, de Septembre 2010 au Avril 2014. L'âge moyen des patients était de 24 ans allant de 2 ans à 70 ans. La porte d'entrée était dominée par l'atteinte sinusienne retrouvée chez 43  malades. L'examen ophtalmologique a montré une BAV chez 20% des patients avec une cécité bilatérale chez un patient et unilatérale chez 3, un chémosis (82%), une exophtalmie (85,71%), un ptosis (30%), une ophtalmoplégie (66%), une fistule orbitaire (4 cas), et une kératite d'exposition chez 8 cas. L'analyse des résultats tomodensitométriques a noté: 24 cas de cellulite pré septale (45%), 20 cas de cellulite orbitaire (15%), 2 cas d'abcès sous périosté (5%) et 14 cas d'abcès orbitaire (35%). 20 patients ont  bénéficié d'un traitement chirurgical associé au traitement médical, ayant consisté en un drainage de l'abcès orbitaire dans 24 cas, une ethmoidectomie antérieure par voie endoscopique avec drainage d'un abcès sous-périosté dans 2 cas à et un drainage d'une collection abcédée des parties molles dans 6 cas. La cellulite orbitaire est une urgence thérapeutique qui met en jeu le pronostic visuel et vital. Causés le plus fréquemment par les traumatismes oculaires post chirurgicale ou AVP, les sinusites, les fractures orbitaires, et les corps étrangers intraoculaires. Les infections rétro-septales sont les plus graves,  nécessitant une exploration par imagerie en coupes. L'évolution de la cellulite orbitaire est toujours grave en l'absence d'un traitement médical et chirurgical strict. Le traitement précoce et adapté représente un élément pronostique très important. Les cellulites orbitaires est une affection grave pouvant engager le pronostic vital et fonctionnel, surtout lorsque le diagnostic est tardif et la prise en charge inappropriée.Key words: Cellulite preseptale, cellulite retroseptale, cecité, sinusite

Warm stratification combined with organic manure application enhances seed germination and improves Cycas revoluta growth and development

Cycas revoluta (Sago palm) is one of the widespread ornamental plant, used as an indoor and outdoor plant. Seed propagation is extremely hard and time consuming, given the physical dormancy imposed by hard coat. The use of warm stratification improves seed germination by prompting embryos development. As mean to gain more insight on the beneficial effect of warm treatment on seed germination, histological analysis of warm stratified and untreated embryos was conducted. Our results revealed that warm treatment accelerated embryos development, resulting in a rapid differentiation of embryos’ tissues. α-amylase, GA3 and ABA quantification showed that warm stratified embryos accumulated higher and lower amounts of α-amylase and ABA respectively compared to untreated embryos. Regarding plant development, our results showed that organic manures significantly improved Cycas revoluta growth and development. The best response was recorded with the application of sheep manure. Indeed, sheep manure addition increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, stip length and width by nearby 188% and 61%, 36% and 17% respectively. In roots, the presence of nodules had been recorded in the three applied treatments and more importantly in the presence of sheep manure. At the physiological level, sheep manure supplementation improved photosynthetic apparatus and nitrogen content in leaves (by 75%), thereby explaining the growth promotion. Taken together, these results underlined the beneficial effect of organic manure on Cycas revoluta growth and development and proposed a new strategy to improve plant growth and development with the use of sheep manure as organic amendment

Y-box protein-1 is actively secreted through a non-classical pathway and acts as an extracellular mitogen

Y-box protein (YB)-1 of the cold-shock protein family functions in gene transcription and RNA processing. Extracellular functions have not been reported, but the YB-1 staining pattern in inflammatory glomerular diseases, without adherence to cell boundaries, suggests an extracellular occurrence. Here, we show the secretion of YB-1 by mesangial and monocytic cells after inflammatory challenges. It should be noted that YB-1 was secreted through a non-classical mode resembling that of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. YB-1 release requires ATP-binding cassette transporters, and microvesicles protect YB-1 from protease degradation. Two lysine residues in the YB-1 carboxy-terminal domain are crucial for its release, probably because of post-translational modifications. The addition of purified recombinant YB-1 protein to different cell types results in increased DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and migration. Thus, the non-classically secreted YB-1 has extracellular functions and exerts mitogenic as well as promigratory effects in inflammation

Impact of central nervous system involvement in adult patients with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a GRAALL-2005 study

Whereas the prognosis of adult patients with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has greatly improved since the advent of pediatric-inspired regimens, the impact of initial central nervous system (CNS) involvement has not been formerly re-evaluated. We report here the outcome of patients with initial CNS involvement included in the pediatric-inspired prospective randomized GRAALL-2005 study. Between 2006 and 2014, 784 adult patients (aged 18-59 years) with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative ALL were included, of whom 55 (7%) had CNS involvement. In CNSpositive patients, overall survival was shorter (median 1.9 years vs. not reached, HR=1.8 [1.3-2.6], P<0.001). While there was no statistical difference in cumulative incidence of relapse between CNS+ and CNS- patients (HR=1.5 [0.9-2.5], P=0.11), non-relapse mortality was significantly higher in those with initial CNS disease (HR=2.1 [1.2-3.5], P=0.01). This increase in toxicity was mostly observed in patients randomized to the high-dose cyclophosphamide arm and in those who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exploratory landmark analyses did not show any association between either cranial irradiation or allogeneic stem cell transplantation and outcome. Despite improved outcome in young adult ALL patients with pediatric-inspired protocols, CNS involvement is associated with a worse outcome mainly due to excess toxicity, without improved outcome with allogeneic SCT

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely