As sanções nas RI: uma expressão da política de poder em uma nova ordem mundial: o caso do Sudão

Esta monografia tem como objetivo verificar se as sanções internacionais são expressão da política de poder. Para tanto, analiso os conceitos tradicionais das sanções no campo das Relações Internacionais, e apresento a concepção do uso dessas sanções na estrutura sistêmica desenvolvida após a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Destaco, ainda, a mudança no significado do conceito, influenciada pelo uso das sanções econômicas como instrumento de política externa, principalmente pelos Estados Unidos, após o fim da Guerra Fria. Posteriormente, para analisar o estudo de caso, faço um relato histórico das relações entre os Estados Unidos e o Sudão, da mudança do regime em Cartum, e da imposição das sanções unilaterais contra o último pelo primeiro. Em seguida, trato das políticas externas dos sucessivos governos nos Estados Unidos em relação ao Sudão, e do regime das sanções. Também, faço uma revisão das literaturas do centro e da periferia sobre as sanções contra o Sudão, trazendo à luz, assim, ambas as narrativas. No fim, apresento uma crítica construtivista-pós-colonialista ao campo de estudo ortodoxo das sanções internacionais

eHealth Eurocampus Project: preparing innovative ICT professionals

The eHealth Eurocampus project, an EU-funded project, aims at preparing innovative professionals able to cope with the challenge of fostering a spirit of innovation in eHealth in Europe as the way forward to ensure better health and better and safer care. The main objectives of the eHealth Eurocampus are improving the relevance and quality of higher education in the field of ICT applications for health, and fostering employability through curricula adaptation to labour market needs and the development of entrepreneurship skills. In the frame of this project we are developing course materials, and implementing new and innovative teaching methods that are tested through joint learning activities (summer schools), which will be used later on in different master courses. The project includes the organization of training seminars to exchange good practices and knowledge among teachers and researchers. The eHealth Eurocampus consortium includes 8 higher education institutions, a regional centre of technological development and entrepreneurship promotion, and a European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation. The partnership represents different European health management systems, from 5 European countries.Postprint (author's final draft

eHealth Eurocampus: An innovative educational framework to train qualified professionals in the emerging ehealth sector

The aim of this paper is to present the results of an initiative called the eHealth Eurocampus (http://ehealtheurocampus.eu), whose main goal is to define a framework to prepare professionals for the eHealth work environment. To do so, three main activities have been organized: develop eHealth learning materials, international intensive study programs for both health science and IT students and international training seminars for researches and professors. The eHealth Eurocampus project is an EU-funded Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership for higher education (September-2016 / August-2019) which aims at preparing qualified professionals able to cope with the challenge of “fostering a spirit of innovation in eHealth in Europe as the way forward to ensure better health and better and safer care for EU citizens, a more skilled workforce, more efficient and sustainable health and care systems, new business opportunities” (EC eHealth Action Plan 2012-2020). The consortium of the eHealth Eurocampus project along with the participants of the designed activities have created an original eHealth teaching-learning framework where university professors, students, researchers, and clinicians are able to share their experiences and knowledge with the aim of improving the skills of graduates in order to improve their employability. These are the organized activities and the topics that have been covered: - eHealth learning materials. Five courses of 6 ECTS each have been developed in the following topics: innovation and entrepreneurship, IT for a longer independent life, robotics for health care, graphics and medical imaging and eHealth applications and tools. - Intensive study programs. Three international summer schools for both health and IT students have been organized with an interdisciplinary approach. The first one deal with innovation and entrepreneurship in eHealth. The second one is focused on applications and tools for longer independent life. And robotics, graphics and medical imaging are covered in the third one. The summer schools have proven to be the best testbed for the learning materials and for innovative teaching methodologies in interdisciplinary context. - Training seminars. When you face the training of qualified eHealth professionals it is critical to have good educators. Two training seminars have been organized with the goal of share experiences and knowledge among practitioners, university teachers and researches of the health and IT fields. The topics covered in the seminars are eHealth Teaching Challenges and Accessibility, Inclusion, and Rehabilitation using IT, respectively. In this paper, we will introduce in detail the different activities carried out, the results and conclusions of this teaching-learning framework and how the different stakeholders would take advantage of it.Postprint (author's final draft

Prioritising Organisational Factors Impacting Cloud ERP Adoption and the Critical Issues Related to Security, Usability, and Vendors: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract: Cloud ERP is a type of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that runs on the vendor’s cloud platform instead of an on-premises network, enabling companies to connect through the Internet. The goal of this study was to rank and prioritise the factors driving cloud ERP adoption by organisations and to identify the critical issues in terms of security, usability, and vendors that impact adoption of cloud ERP systems. The assessment of critical success factors (CSFs) in on-premises ERP adoption and implementation has been well documented; however, no previous research has been carried out on CSFs in cloud ERP adoption. Therefore, the contribution of this research is to provide research and practice with the identification and analysis of 16 CSFs through a systematic literature review, where 73 publications on cloud ERP adoption were assessed from a range of different conferences and journals, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Drawing from the literature, we found security, usability, and vendors were the top three most widely cited critical issues for the adoption of cloud-based ERP; hence, the second contribution of this study was an integrative model constructed with 12 drivers based on the security, usability, and vendor characteristics that may have greater influence as the top critical issues in the adoption of cloud ERP systems. We also identified critical gaps in current research, such as the inconclusiveness of findings related to security critical issues, usability critical issues, and vendor critical issues, by highlighting the most important drivers influencing those issues in cloud ERP adoption and the lack of discussion on the nature of the criticality of those CSFs. This research will aid in the development of new strategies or the revision of existing strategies and polices aimed at effectively integrating cloud ERP into cloud computing infrastructure. It will also allow cloud ERP suppliers to determine organisations’ and business owners’ expectations and implement appropriate tactics. A better understanding of the CSFs will narrow the field of failure and assist practitioners and managers in increasing their chances of success

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Development of a robotic assistant for MRI-guided interventions

La réalisation de gestes percutanés dans l’IRM ouvre la voie à des pratiques médicales prometteuses. En revanche, l’utilisation de l’IRM reste à ce jour limitée, et ce malgré l’intérêt en terme de qualité d’image. Cela est dû principalement à l’étroitesse du tunnel et à la complexité des gestes réalisés. Pour rendre accessibles de telles pratiques, une assistance robotique semble très pertinente. Pour le concepteur, la réalisation d’un système robotisé compatible IRM n’est pas une tâche facile, étant donné l’espace disponible et la présence d’un champ magnétique intense. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un assistant robotique, MRGuide, dédié aux traitements du cancer de la prostate dans l’IRM. Il s'agit d'un manipulateur à câbles avec un actionnement déporté. Dans ce travail, de nombreuses contributions menant à la réalisation de ce prototypes ont présentées. Parmi celles‐ci, une instrumentation originale pour estimer la tension des câbles est proposée. Cette instrumentation est basée sur l’utilisation d’une structure en treillis, de mécanismes compliants et de capteurs de déplacement à technologie optique pour assurer la compatibilité avec le scanner. Pour optimiser la géométrie du robot et faciliter son intégration dans l'IRM, une démarche de conception des robots à câbles instrumentés est développée. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche par intervalles. D'autres contributions relatives à la caractérisation de l'espace de travail des robots à câbles instrumentés, à l'étalonnage des capteurs de tension et au développement d'une stratégie de commande adaptée au dispositif sont décrites.Performing medical gestures under MRI is a promising medical approach. Todate, using MRI for interventions is still limited, despite the quality of the provided images. This limitation is mainly due to the confined physical space inside the tunnel and the complexity of the gestures. To make accessible such practices, a robotic assistance seems very relevant. However, it’s a challenge for the designer, given the limited space and the strong magnetic field inside the bore. In this context, we have developed an MR-‐compatible robotic assistant, named MRGuide, for prostate interventions. The robot is based on an original cable-­‐ driven manipulator with a remote actuation. In this work, many contributions leading to the development of MRGuide are presented. One of these contributions lies in the use of an original instrumented structure to evaluate the cables tensions. This instrumentation is based on the use of a truss structure, compliant mechanisms and optical displacement sensors for MRcompatibility. In order to optimize the size of the robot and facilitate its integration in the scanner, a new design methodology using interval analysis has been developed. Other contributions related to the workspace characterization of instrumented cable-­‐driven robots, the tension sensor calibration and the development of a new control strategy adapted to the device are described

Development of a robotic assistant for MRI-guided interventions

La réalisation de gestes percutanés dans l’IRM ouvre la voie à des pratiques médicales prometteuses. En revanche, l’utilisation de l’IRM reste à ce jour limitée, et ce malgré l’intérêt en terme de qualité d’image. Cela est dû principalement à l’étroitesse du tunnel et à la complexité des gestes réalisés. Pour rendre accessibles de telles pratiques, une assistance robotique semble très pertinente. Pour le concepteur, la réalisation d’un système robotisé compatible IRM n’est pas une tâche facile, étant donné l’espace disponible et la présence d’un champ magnétique intense. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un assistant robotique, MRGuide, dédié aux traitements du cancer de la prostate dans l’IRM. Il s'agit d'un manipulateur à câbles avec un actionnement déporté. Dans ce travail, de nombreuses contributions menant à la réalisation de ce prototypes ont présentées. Parmi celles‐ci, une instrumentation originale pour estimer la tension des câbles est proposée. Cette instrumentation est basée sur l’utilisation d’une structure en treillis, de mécanismes compliants et de capteurs de déplacement à technologie optique pour assurer la compatibilité avec le scanner. Pour optimiser la géométrie du robot et faciliter son intégration dans l'IRM, une démarche de conception des robots à câbles instrumentés est développée. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche par intervalles. D'autres contributions relatives à la caractérisation de l'espace de travail des robots à câbles instrumentés, à l'étalonnage des capteurs de tension et au développement d'une stratégie de commande adaptée au dispositif sont décrites.Performing medical gestures under MRI is a promising medical approach. Todate, using MRI for interventions is still limited, despite the quality of the provided images. This limitation is mainly due to the confined physical space inside the tunnel and the complexity of the gestures. To make accessible such practices, a robotic assistance seems very relevant. However, it’s a challenge for the designer, given the limited space and the strong magnetic field inside the bore. In this context, we have developed an MR-‐compatible robotic assistant, named MRGuide, for prostate interventions. The robot is based on an original cable-­‐ driven manipulator with a remote actuation. In this work, many contributions leading to the development of MRGuide are presented. One of these contributions lies in the use of an original instrumented structure to evaluate the cables tensions. This instrumentation is based on the use of a truss structure, compliant mechanisms and optical displacement sensors for MRcompatibility. In order to optimize the size of the robot and facilitate its integration in the scanner, a new design methodology using interval analysis has been developed. Other contributions related to the workspace characterization of instrumented cable-­‐driven robots, the tension sensor calibration and the development of a new control strategy adapted to the device are described

Développement d'un système robotique pour la radiologie interventionnelle sous IRM

Performing medical gestures under MRI is a promising medical approach. Todate, using MRI for interventions is still limited, despite the quality of the provided images. This limitation is mainly due to the confined physical space inside the tunnel and the complexity of the gestures. To make accessible such practices, a robotic assistance seems very relevant. However, it’s a challenge for the designer, given the limited space and the strong magnetic field inside the bore. In this context, we have developed an MR-‐compatible robotic assistant, named MRGuide, for prostate interventions. The robot is based on an original cable-­‐ driven manipulator with a remote actuation. In this work, many contributions leading to the development of MRGuide are presented. One of these contributions lies in the use of an original instrumented structure to evaluate the cables tensions. This instrumentation is based on the use of a truss structure, compliant mechanisms and optical displacement sensors for MRcompatibility. In order to optimize the size of the robot and facilitate its integration in the scanner, a new design methodology using interval analysis has been developed. Other contributions related to the workspace characterization of instrumented cable-­‐driven robots, the tension sensor calibration and the development of a new control strategy adapted to the device are described.La réalisation de gestes percutanés dans l’IRM ouvre la voie à des pratiques médicales prometteuses. En revanche, l’utilisation de l’IRM reste à ce jour limitée, et ce malgré l’intérêt en terme de qualité d’image. Cela est dû principalement à l’étroitesse du tunnel et à la complexité des gestes réalisés. Pour rendre accessibles de telles pratiques, une assistance robotique semble très pertinente. Pour le concepteur, la réalisation d’un système robotisé compatible IRM n’est pas une tâche facile, étant donné l’espace disponible et la présence d’un champ magnétique intense. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un assistant robotique, MRGuide, dédié aux traitements du cancer de la prostate dans l’IRM. Il s'agit d'un manipulateur à câbles avec un actionnement déporté. Dans ce travail, de nombreuses contributions menant à la réalisation de ce prototypes ont présentées. Parmi celles‐ci, une instrumentation originale pour estimer la tension des câbles est proposée. Cette instrumentation est basée sur l’utilisation d’une structure en treillis, de mécanismes compliants et de capteurs de déplacement à technologie optique pour assurer la compatibilité avec le scanner. Pour optimiser la géométrie du robot et faciliter son intégration dans l'IRM, une démarche de conception des robots à câbles instrumentés est développée. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche par intervalles. D'autres contributions relatives à la caractérisation de l'espace de travail des robots à câbles instrumentés, à l'étalonnage des capteurs de tension et au développement d'une stratégie de commande adaptée au dispositif sont décrites

Développement d'un système robotique pour la radiologie interventionnelle sous IRM

La réalisation de gestes percutanés dans l IRM ouvre la voie à des pratiques médicales prometteuses. En revanche, l utilisation de l IRM reste à ce jour limitée, et ce malgré l intérêt en terme de qualité d image. Cela est dû principalement à l étroitesse du tunnel et à la complexité des gestes réalisés. Pour rendre accessibles de telles pratiques, une assistance robotique semble très pertinente. Pour le concepteur, la réalisation d un système robotisé compatible IRM n est pas une tâche facile, étant donné l espace disponible et la présence d un champ magnétique intense. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé un assistant robotique, MRGuide, dédié aux traitements du cancer de la prostate dans l IRM. Il s'agit d'un manipulateur à câbles avec un actionnement déporté. Dans ce travail, de nombreuses contributions menant à la réalisation de ce prototypes ont présentées. Parmi celles ci, une instrumentation originale pour estimer la tension des câbles est proposée. Cette instrumentation est basée sur l utilisation d une structure en treillis, de mécanismes compliants et de capteurs de déplacement à technologie optique pour assurer la compatibilité avec le scanner. Pour optimiser la géométrie du robot et faciliter son intégration dans l'IRM, une démarche de conception des robots à câbles instrumentés est développée. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche par intervalles. D'autres contributions relatives à la caractérisation de l'espace de travail des robots à câbles instrumentés, à l'étalonnage des capteurs de tension et au développement d'une stratégie de commande adaptée au dispositif sont décrites.Performing medical gestures under MRI is a promising medical approach. Todate, using MRI for interventions is still limited, despite the quality of the provided images. This limitation is mainly due to the confined physical space inside the tunnel and the complexity of the gestures. To make accessible such practices, a robotic assistance seems very relevant. However, it s a challenge for the designer, given the limited space and the strong magnetic field inside the bore. In this context, we have developed an MR- compatible robotic assistant, named MRGuide, for prostate interventions. The robot is based on an original cable- driven manipulator with a remote actuation. In this work, many contributions leading to the development of MRGuide are presented. One of these contributions lies in the use of an original instrumented structure to evaluate the cables tensions. This instrumentation is based on the use of a truss structure, compliant mechanisms and optical displacement sensors for MRcompatibility. In order to optimize the size of the robot and facilitate its integration in the scanner, a new design methodology using interval analysis has been developed. Other contributions related to the workspace characterization of instrumented cable- driven robots, the tension sensor calibration and the development of a new control strategy adapted to the device are described.STRASBOURG-Bib.electronique 063 (674829902) / SudocSudocFranceF