O recurso especial no Superior Tribunal de Justiça e a introdução da repercussão geral

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2017.O Superior Tribunal de Justiça, através do Recurso Especial, cumpre o papel de uniformizar a interpretação da legislação infraconstitucional no país. Com efeito, embora já haja restrições para a interposição desse recurso, ainda é grande o número de processos que chegam ao STJ – muitos sem necessidade. Em vista disso, o Legislativo tem buscado diferentes propostas para filtrá-los. Uma delas é acrescentar o requisito da repercussão geral ao Recurso Especial. O presente trabalho analisará esse requisito de admissibilidade (sua aplicabilidade e necessidade), mediante o estudo das origens e das funções do STJ, do recurso especial e da repercussão geral.The Superior Court of Justice, through the Special Appeal, aims to standardize the interpretation of infraconstitutional legislation in the country. In fact, although there are already restrictions on the filing of these appeals, the number of cases that reach the SCJ is still large - many unnecessary. In view of this, the Legislative Branch has sought different proposals to filter these appeals. One of them is to add the requirement of general repercussion to the Special Appeal. The present study will analyze this admissibility requirement (its applicability and necessity), by studying the origins and functions of the SCJ, the Special Appeal and the general repercussion

Deffiniciones de la Sagrada Religion, y Cavalleria de Sancta Maria de Montesa y Sanct Iorge ...

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Hemorragia digestiva alta decorrente de varize duodenal isolada: um relato de caso e revisão de literatura: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from isolated duodenal variceal varices: a case report and literature review

Introdução: A hemorragia digestiva é um problema comum encontrado no pronto-socorro. Destacando a relevância desse tema na prática médica, chama atenção uma apresentação atípica de hemorragia digestiva alta: a ruptura de varizes duodenais. O desenvolvimento das varizes duodenais é bastante raro, representando apenas 0,4% de todas as varizes. A maioria dos casos é descoberta acidentalmente, e não é uma causa comum de sangramento por varizes. Objetivos: Este trabalho tem como objetivo o esclarecimento sobre a hemorragia digestiva por varizes duodenais na síndrome de hipertensão portal por esquistossomose visando proporcionar conhecimento sobre suas diferentes apresentações. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de caso. O caso selecionado foi coletado no Hospital Maria Lucinda, localizado em Recife-PE. Para a revisão bibliográfica, foram pesquisados artigos nos bancos de dados PubMed e Science Direct. Resultados: O sangramento de varizes duodenais é uma das complicações da hipertensão portal que está associada à alta morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar dos avanços na terapia, a taxa de letalidade permaneceu alta e a taxa de mortalidade de um único episódio de sangramento por varizes é em torno de 20% no esquistossomótico. Conclusão: A ruptura de variz duodenal é uma causa rara de sangramento gastrointestinal e ocorre, em sua maioria, por cirrose hepática com consequente hipertensão portal. Por se tratar de uma entidade de difícil diagnóstico, ainda não há diretrizes relacionadas ao manejo e as opções terapêuticas incluem abordagem multidisciplinar

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

A search for ultra-high-energy photons at the Pierre Auger Observatory exploiting air-shower universality

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive detector to primary photons with energies above ∼0.2 EeV. It measures extensive air showers using a hybrid technique that combines a fluorescence detector (FD) with a ground array of particle detectors (SD). The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth at the shower maximum (X$_{max}$) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced background. Using observables measured by the FD and SD, three photon searches in different energy bands are performed. In particular, between threshold energies of 1-10 EeV, a new analysis technique has been developed by combining the FD-based measurement of X$_{max}$ with the SD signal through a parameter related to its muon content, derived from the universality of the air showers. This technique has led to a better photon/hadron separation and, consequently, to a higher search sensitivity, resulting in a tighter upper limit than before. The outcome of this new analysis is presented here, along with previous results in the energy ranges below 1 EeV and above 10 EeV. From the data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in about 15 years of operation, the most stringent constraints on the fraction of photons in the cosmic flux are set over almost three decades in energy

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity