Analysis Of Mitochondrial Alterations In Brazilian Patients With Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Maldi-tof Mass Spectrometry

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic deafness in different populations. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of mutations in mitochondrial genes to the etiology of hearing loss in a Brazilian sample. Methods: Using mass spectrometry genotyping technology, combined with direct sequencing, 50 alterations previously described in 14 mitochondrial genes were screened in 152 patients with sensorineural hearing loss and in 104 normal hearing controls. Results: Fifteen known mitochondrial alterations were detected (G709A, A735G, A827G, G988A, A1555G, T4363C, T5628C, T5655C, G5821A, C7462T, G8363A, T10454C, G12236A, T1291C, G15927A). Pathogenic mutations in MT-RNR1 and MT-TK genes were detected in 3 % (5/152) of the patients with hearing loss. Conclusions: This study contributed to show the spectrum of mitochondrial variants in Brazilian patients with hearing loss. Frequency of A1555G was relatively high (2.6 %), indicating that this mutation is an important cause of hearing loss in our population. This work reports for the first time the investigation and the detection of the tRNALys G8363A mutation in Brazilian patients with maternally inherited sensorineural hearing loss.17Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Practice of spirometry among physicians caring for children with asthma in Portugal - The EspiroPed survey

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Simulations of extensional flow in microrheometric devices

We present a detailed numerical study of the flow of a Newtonian fluid through microrheometric devices featuring a sudden contraction–expansion. This flow configuration is typically used to generate extensional deformations and high strain rates. The excess pressure drop resulting from the converging and diverging flow is an important dynamic measure to quantify if the device is intended to be used as a microfluidic extensional rheometer. To explore this idea, we examine the effect of the contraction length, aspect ratio and Reynolds number on the flow kinematics and resulting pressure field. Analysis of the computed velocity and pressure fields show that, for typical experimental conditions used in microfluidic devices, the steady flow is highly three-dimensional with open spiraling vortical structures in the stagnant corner regions. The numerical simulations of the local kinematics and global pressure drop are in good agreement with experimental results. The device aspect ratio is shown to have a strong impact on the flow and consequently on the excess pressure drop, which is quantified in terms of the dimensionless Couette and Bagley correction factors. We suggest an approach for calculating the Bagley correction which may be especially appropriate for planar microchannels

Combining Ventilatory Efficiency and Peak Oxygen Consumption in the Prognostic Assessment of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an objective method for assessment of functional capacity and for prognostic stratification of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of a recently described CPET-derived parameter, the minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope normalized for peak oxygen consumption (VE/VCO2 slope/pVO2). METHODS: We prospectively studied 157 patients with stable CHF and dilated cardiomyopathy who performed maximal CPET using the modified Bruce protocol. The prognostic value of VE/VCO2 slope/pVO2 was determined and compared with traditional CPET parameters. RESULTS: During follow-up 37 patients died and 12 were transplanted. Mean follow-up in surviving patients was 29.7 months (12-36). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that VE/VCO2 slope/pVO2 had the greatest prognostic power of all the parameters studied. A VE/VCO2 slope/pVO2 of > or = 2.2 signaled cases at higher risk. CONCLUSION: Normalization of the ventilatory response to exercise for peak oxygen consumption appears to increase the prognostic value of CPET in patients with CHF

Reabilitação Cardíaca Após Síndrome Coronária Aguda. Deveremos Continuar a Reabilitar os Doentes de Baixo Risco? Experiência de um Centro

Introdução: A Reabilitação cardíaca (Rc) é um elemento fundamental na prevenção secundária após síndrome coronária aguda (ScA). A American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AAcPR)definiu critérios de estratificação de risco para os doentes elegíveis para programas de Rc. Contudo, tem sido questionada a integração de doentes de baixo risco em programas estruturados de treino de exercício. Objectivo: comparar o impacto da Rc nos doentes de baixo risco cardiovascular versus risco moderado/alto, segundo os critérios a AAcPR, de forma a avaliar o real benefício da Rc na capacidade de exercício nos doentes de baixo risco, quantificada por prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória (PecR). Métodos: Análise retrospetiva dos doentes submetidos a Rc após ScA e submetidos a PecR antes e após a integração num programa de treino de exercício supervisionado constituído por 36 sessões. Foram incluídos doentes desde janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2013, num centro Hospitalar Terciário. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo de risco cardiovascular baixo (GRB) e grupo de doentes com risco moderado a alto (GRMA) de acordo com os critérios da AAcPR. Os parâmetros avaliados na PecR foram: pico de consumo de oxigénio (pVO2), pVO2 em relação ao valor previsto para idade e género (%pVO2), declive da rampa do equivalente ventilatório de dióxido de carbono (Ve/VcO2slope), (Ve/VcO2slope)/pVO2 e potência circulatória de pico (PcP). Resultados: Foram incluídos em programa de Rc, pós ScA, 129 doentes, 86,0% do género masculino, com idade média de 56,3±9,8 anos. Setenta e nove doentes (61,3%) foram incluídos no grupo de baixo risco e 50 doentes (38,7%) no grupo de risco moderado a alto.Comparando os resultados da PecR basal verifica-se uma melhor capacidade funcional nos indivíduos de baixo risco (pVO2 26,7±7,0 versus 23,9±5,7 ml/kg/min; p=0,019). Esta diferença significativa desapareceu após a conclusão do programa de Rc, apresentando o GRB pVO2 final de 28,5±7,3ml/kg/min e o GRMA 27,0±7,0ml/kg/min (p=0,232). Ao confrontar os parâmetros da prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória prévios e após reabilitação cardíaca, verifica-se, em ambos os grupos, um aumento significativo da capacidade funcional expresso pelo aumento do pVO2, (Ve/VcO2slope)/pVO2, PcP e duração da prova. No entanto, apenas no grupo de baixo risco se evidencia uma diminuição signi-ficativa do Ve/VcO2 slope (26,7±6,2 versus 25,7±5,3; p=0,029). A amplitude da melhoria de pVO2 foi menos marcada no GRB (1,8±6,5 ml/kg/min versus 3,1±5,0 ml/kg/min; p=0.133). Um incremento no pVO2 superior a 10% em relação ao valor inicial foi atingido em 41,8% dos doentes no GRB e 58,0% dos doentes no GRMA (p=0,072). Conclusão: independentemente do grau de risco cardiovascular inicial, existe benefício na capacidade funcional de exercício após programa de Rc com 36 sessões de treino de exercício, objetivamente quantificado pelos parâmetros da PecR. No entanto, esta melhoria é mais acentuada nos indivíduos de risco moderado a alto comparativamente aos indivíduos de baixo risco. Atendendo à limitação de recursos, deverá ser privilegiada a inclusão de indivíduos de moderado e alto risco, não subvalorizando, no entanto, o benefício também alcançado pelos indivíduos de baixo risco cardiovascular

Hybrid Approach in Microscale Transport Phenomena: Application to Biodiesel Synthesis in Micro-reactors

A hybrid engineering approach to the study of transport phenomena, based on the synergy among computational, analytical, and experimental methodologies is reviewed. The focus of the chapter is on fundamental analysis and proof of concept developments in the use of nano- and micro-technologies for energy efficiency and heat and mass transfer enhancement applications. The hybrid approach described herein combines improved lumped-differential modeling, hybrid numericalanalytical solution methods, mixed symbolic-numerical computations, and advanced experimental techniques for micro-scale transport phenomena. An application dealing with micro-reactors for continuous synthesis of biodiesel is selected to demonstrate the instrumental role of the hybrid approach in achieving improved design and enhanced performance

New occurrence of B chromosomes in Partamonahelleri (Friese, 1900) (Hymenoptera, Meliponini)

Cytogenetic analyses of the stingless bee Partamona helleri collected in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil revealed the chromosome numbers n = 18 in the haploid males and 2n = 35 in the diploid females. All karyotypes displayed one large acrocentric B chromosome, which differs from the minute B chromosomes previously described in the populations from southeastern Brazil. Giemsa staining, C-banding and DAPI/CMA3 fluorochrome staining also revealed a remarkable interpopulational divergence regarding both the regular karyotype and the B chromosomes. The B chromosomes found in the samples from Jequié, Bahia, were entirely heterochromatic, while those found in Cravolândia, Bahia, displayed a euchromatic portion at the telomeric end of the long arm. CMA 3 labeling sites varied from seven to eight between the two localities in Bahia, due to the presence of an extra GC-rich block in the karyotype of the samples from Jequié. This is the first report of a large B chromosome in P. helleri and reveals the occurrence of a geographic differentiation within this species

Dermatological remedies in the traditional pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Bradano, inland southern Italy

Dermatological remedies make up at least one-third of the traditional pharmacopoeia in southern Italy. The identification of folk remedies for the skin is important both for the preservation of traditional medical knowledge and in the search for novel antimicrobial agents in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Our goal is to document traditional remedies from botanical, animal, mineral and industrial sources for the topical treatment of skin ailments. In addition to SSTI remedies for humans, we also discuss certain ethnoveterinary applications. Field research was conducted in ten communities in the Vulture-Alto Bradano area of the Basilicata province, southern Italy. We randomly sampled 112 interviewees, stratified by age and gender. After obtaining prior informed consent, we collected data through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and small focus groups techniques. Voucher specimens of all cited botanic species were deposited at FTG and HLUC herbaria located in the US and Italy. We report the preparation and topical application of 116 remedies derived from 38 plant species. Remedies are used to treat laceration, burn wound, wart, inflammation, rash, dental abscess, furuncle, dermatitis, and other conditions. The pharmacopoeia also includes 49 animal remedies derived from sources such as pigs, slugs, and humans. Ethnoveterinary medicine, which incorporates both animal and plant derived remedies, is addressed. We also examine the recent decline in knowledge regarding the dermatological pharmacopoeia. The traditional dermatological pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Bradano is based on a dynamic folk medical construct of natural and spiritual illness and healing. Remedies are used to treat more than 45 skin and soft tissue conditions of both humans and animals. Of the total 165 remedies reported, 110 have never before been published in the mainland southern Italian ethnomedical literature

Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

This paper presents the morphological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of the gill filaments in Brycon hilarii from the Brazilian Pantanal. Out of 216 B. hilariispecimens examined (126 wild and 90 cultivated), 38.1% of wild specimens (n = 48) were infected. The parasites form elongated plasmodia primarily in the tip of gill filaments, reaching about 3 mm in length. A thorough comparison with all the Myxobolus species described from South American hosts, as well as nearly all the Myxobolus species described so far is provided. Partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed a total of 1,527 bp. The Myxobolus species parasite of B. hilarii did not match any of the Myxozoa available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, M. oliveirai sp. nov. composed a monophyletic group with eight other species: five species of Myxobolus parasites of mugilid fishes, two parasites of pangasiid and one of centrarchid. Infection prevalence values of the parasite revealed no significant differences between wet and dry seasons or between males and females. The importance of the infection to the farming of the host species is emphasized.FAPESPCEPTA - ICMBioCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Submillimeter Studies of Prestellar Cores and Protostars: Probing the Initial Conditions for Protostellar Collapse

Improving our understanding of the initial conditions and earliest stages of protostellar collapse is crucial to gain insight into the origin of stellar masses, multiple systems, and protoplanetary disks. Observationally, there are two complementary approaches to this problem: (1) studying the structure and kinematics of prestellar cores observed prior to protostar formation, and (2) studying the structure of young (e.g. Class 0) accreting protostars observed soon after point mass formation. We discuss recent advances made in this area thanks to (sub)millimeter mapping observations with large single-dish telescopes and interferometers. In particular, we argue that the beginning of protostellar collapse is much more violent in cluster-forming clouds than in regions of distributed star formation. Major breakthroughs are expected in this field from future large submillimeter instruments such as Herschel and ALMA.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Chemistry as a Diagnostic of Star Formation" (C.L. Curry & M. Fich eds.