CONSTRUINDO UMA IDENTIDADE ACADÊMICA - REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA MONITORIA NO IEAA/UFAM

Este trabalho surgiu da experiência vivida na monitoria da disciplina de Metodologia do Estudo e da Pesquisa no âmbito das licenciaturas em Ciências: Biologia e Química e Matemática e Física ofertadas no Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (IEAA/UFAM), Campus Vale do Rio Madeira, em Humaitá, Amazonas, no segundo semestre de 2017. O objetivo desta proposta é relatar a importância da monitoria na construção da identidade acadêmica do monitor acadêmico. A metodologia assumida neste trabalho parte da pesquisa qualitativa em educação, tendo como base os apontamentos de Ludke e André (2013) e Oliveira (2007) que definem a pesquisa qualitativa como interpretativa, pois parte de análises subjetivas e leva em consideração o sujeito pesquisado. Para sustentar as análises postas, buscamos apoio em autores que abordam a construção da identidade acadêmica, bem como processos formativos nos contextos universitários. Como suporte para as análises os seguintes  autores: Dias (2007); Freire (2005); Frison e Moraes (2010); Matoso (2014); Natário e Santos (2010); Oliveira (2007) e outros que discutem sobre a monitoria no meio acadêmico e o conceito de experiência (JOSSO, 2004) como campo formativo, bem como a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB 9.394/96). A experiência da monitoria contribuiu na construção da identidade acadêmica no âmbito educacional, momento considerado crucial na identificação com a profissão docente do acadêmico em formação por se tratar do primeiro passo rumo à docência.   Palavras-chave: Experiência. Educação.  Ensino. Monitoria

Identidades indígenas: um olhar para o curso de licenciatura em educação básica intercultural de Rondônia

Esta dissertação está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa 2 - Formação de Professores, no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), com o título Identidades Indígenas: um olhar para o Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica Intercultural de Rondônia, que pretende analisar a produção de identidades indígenas a partir do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica Intercultural da UNIR. Considera a possibilidade de investigar a produção de identidades indígenas no âmbito da UNIR, tendo como elemento principal o diálogo direto com discentes do curso através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados encontram-se referenciados em Bardin (2011) e Andrade (2012). O estudo foi desenvolvido no período de maio de 2012 a março de 2013 no Município de Ji-Paraná – RO, local em que se encontra o Curso. As perspectivas teóricas adotadas podem ser localizadas nos Estudos Culturais, Hall (1998; 2011; 2013), Silva (1995; 2011; 2013), Woordward (2013) e autores/as que não se situam no campo, mas que possuem discursos que se aproximam a ele, Bauman (2005; 2013), Walsh (2009), Candau (2009), Mato (2009) e outros/as. As discussões a respeito da problemática permitiram observar que a interculturalidade requer a produção de identidades, pois as identidades são fluidas, produzidas no decorrer do processo de vida de cada indivíduo, então, quando se fala em processos interculturais, consequentemente, fala-se de identidades produzidas, significadas e ressignificadas no interior das culturas e das trocas constituídas entre estas. O reconhecimento do “outro” e das diferenças estabelecidas mediante as relações entre as culturas nos permitem estas compreensões. A interculturalidade, em si, já requer a produção de identidades produzidas no decorrer do processo de vida de cada indivíduo. Assim, as representações culturais e as identidades indígenas que foram alvo das reflexões nesta pesquisa, possibilitaram o reconhecimento da diversidade cultural numa perspectiva de relações interculturais no âmbito da formação que o curso propõe. A este respeito o PPC e as entrevistas nos deram pistas de que existe um reconhecimento étnico e uma diferença cultural entre as populações inclusas nesta formação de professores indígenas. Entendemos, dessa forma, que há um grande esforço por parte da maioria da equipe docente em realizar um trabalho voltado para a diferença, para o “outro”

DESAFIOS DA FORMAÇÃO SUPERIOR INDÍGENA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE UMA ETNOGRAFIA DO TIPO ESCOLAR

O objetivo central deste texto é problematizar os desafios da formação de professores indígenas na Universidade Federal de Rondônia a partir do pressuposto conceitual da interculturalidade. Analisa a partir de um fragmento etnográfico escolar as representações de docentes indígenas sobre identidades em sua relação com a produção de materiais didáticos. Em termos metodológicos, o estudo foi construído a partir de uma Etnografia do tipo escolar (ANDRÉ, 2005). O estudo mostrou a necessidade de produzir materiais didáticos diferenciados para os povos indígenas, de modo a operar uma matriz de conhecimento intercultural nas escolas das aldeias, assegurando as identidades e saberes indígenas em diálogo com os conhecimentos de matrizes coloniais

IDEOLOGIAS E CULTURAS ANTAGÔNICAS AFRICANAS: ELEMENTOS DE FORMAÇÃO SOCIOCULTURAL MOÇAMBICANA

O presente artigo é parte de reflexões acerca das Ideologias e Culturas Antagónicas Africanas, em especial, aquelas pensadas como elementos de formação da sociedade moçambicana. Trata-se de um recorte de um estudo desenvolvido no âmbito de doutoramento em Ciências da Educação na Universidade Jean Piaget de Moçambique (UNIPIAGET),cujo objetivo é pensar formas de reconfiguração social no sentido de reestabelecer alguns aspetos da cultura local/nacional. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica na qual buscou-se elementos teóricos que discorrem sobre o tema apontado. As leituras apontam para uma descontinuidade do processo histórico na construção de saberes locais, caracterizados pelas fissuras culturais, que proporcionam crises de identidade nas comunidades locais. Palavras-Chave: Ideologias. Culturas Antagônicas Africanas. Moçambique

Reflexões discentes: participação em um curso superior em Ciências - Biologia e Química no IEAA/UFAM

This article is part of a module covered in a monograph at the end of the course. 29 students participated in the research, assuming a qualitative research. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used. The results indicate that when thinking about academic training from the insertion in a course at a higher level, whether or not a degree, it makes all the difference, since students consider professional qualification as a differential in the individual's life providing new possibilities to enter the job market. In addition, the choice of the Science: Biology and Chemistry course would be a good option because it is a specific area with few qualified professionals to work in the region, thus allowing an opportunity to stabilize financially.Este artigo faz parte de um módulo abordado em uma monografia de conclusão de curso e apresenta reflexões a partir das concepções dos discentes ao ingressar no curso de licenciatura plena em Ciências: Biologia e Química no IEAA/UFAM. Participaram da pesquisa 29 alunos, assumindo uma pesquisa qualitativa. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sinalizam que ao pensar na formação acadêmica a partir da inserção em um curso de nível superior, seja ele ou não de licenciatura, faz toda a diferença, uma vez que os alunos consideram, a qualificação profissional como um diferencial na vida do indivíduo, proporcionando novas possibilidades para ingressar no mercado de trabalho. Além disso, a escolha do curso de Ciências: Biologia e Química seria uma boa opção por se tratar de uma área específica com poucos profissionais qualificados para atuar na região, possibilitando assim uma oportunidade de se estabilizarem financeiramente

The Transcriptomic Portrait of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer and Its Prognostic Value in a Multi-Country Cohort of Latin American Patients

Purposes: Most molecular-based published studies on breast cancer do not adequately represent the unique and diverse genetic admixture of the Latin American population. Searching for similarities and differences in molecular pathways associated with these tumors and evaluating its impact on prognosis may help to select better therapeutic approaches. Patients and Methods: We collected clinical, pathological, and transcriptomic data of a multi-country Latin American cohort of 1,071 stage II-III breast cancer patients of the Molecular Profile of Breast Cancer Study (MPBCS) cohort. The 5-year prognostic ability of intrinsic (transcriptomic-based) PAM50 and immunohistochemical classifications, both at the cancer-specific (OSC) and disease-free survival (DFS) stages, was compared. Pathway analyses (GSEA, GSVA and MetaCore) were performed to explore differences among intrinsic subtypes. Results: PAM50 classification of the MPBCS cohort defined 42·6% of tumors as LumA, 21·3% as LumB, 13·3% as HER2E and 16·6% as Basal. Both OSC and DFS for LumA tumors were significantly better than for other subtypes, while Basal tumors had the worst prognosis. While the prognostic power of traditional subtypes calculated with hormone receptors (HR), HER2 and Ki67 determinations showed an acceptable performance, PAM50-derived risk of recurrence best discriminated low, intermediate and high-risk groups. Transcriptomic pathway analysis showed high proliferation (i.e. cell cycle control and DNA damage repair) associated with LumB, HER2E and Basal tumors, and a strong dependency on the estrogen pathway for LumA. Terms related to both innate and adaptive immune responses were seen predominantly upregulated in Basal tumors, and, to a lesser extent, in HER2E, with respect to LumA and B tumors. Conclusions: This is the first study that assesses molecular features at the transcriptomic level in a multicountry Latin American breast cancer patient cohort. Hormone-related and proliferation pathways that predominate in PAM50 and other breast cancer molecular classifications are also the main tumor-driving mechanisms in this cohort and have prognostic power. The immune-related features seen in the most aggressive subtypes may pave the way for therapeutic approaches not yet disseminated in Latin America. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02326857).Fil: Llera, Andrea Sabina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Abdelhay, Eliana Saul Furquim Werneck. Instituto Nacional de Cancer; BrasilFil: Artagaveytia, Nora. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Daneri Navarro, Adrián. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Müller, Bettina. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ChileFil: Velazquez, Carlos. Universidad de Sonora; MéxicoFil: Alcoba, Elsa B.. Hospital Maria Curie; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Isabel. Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell; UruguayFil: Alves Da Quinta, Daniela Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa; ArgentinaFil: Binato, Renata. Instituto Nacional de Cancer; BrasilFil: Bravo, Alicia Inés. Hospital Regional de Agudos Eva Perón; ArgentinaFil: Camejo, Natalia. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Carraro, Dirce Maria. Centro Internacional de Pesquisa; BrasilFil: Castro, Mónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Castro Cervantes, Juan M.. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI; MéxicoFil: Cataldi, Sandra. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; UruguayFil: Cayota, Alfonso. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Cerda, Mauricio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Colombo, Alicia. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Crocamo, Susanne. National Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Del Toro Arreola, Alicia. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Delgadillo Cisterna, Raúl. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MéxicoFil: Delgado, Lucía. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Fernandez, Elmer Andres. Area de Cs. Agrarias, Ingeniería, Cs. Biológicas y de la Salud de la Universidad Catollica de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fejerman, Laura. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Trinchero, Alejandra. Hospital Regional de Agudos Eva Perón; ArgentinaFil: Valenzuela, Olivia. Universidad de Sonora; MéxicoFil: Vedham, Vidya. National Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Zagame, Livia. Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerología; MéxicoFil: Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life