Constitucionalidade de lei municipal que regula tempo de atendimento ao público em agências bancárias : Lei dos quinze minutos

Trata-se de jurisprudência comentada.Comenta Recurso extraordinário interposto pelo órgão de defesa do consumidor, o PROCON, contra banco que descumpriu lei do Município de Criciúma (SC) que estipula o tempo máximo de 15 minutos de espera em filas de atendimento nos estabelecimentos bancários. Discute a questão da constitucionalidade da Lei dos quinze minutos e sua aplicação, tendo em vista o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana

Long-term behavior of polycrystalline oxide fibers at elevated temperatures

Ceramic matrix composites based on oxide materials have gained more attention in the last decades, because of their chemical stability, strength and considerably high toughness. The development of this class of material was only possible due to the appearance of suitable oxide fibers. Currently available fibers are based either on alumina for high strength, or on mullite for better long-term performance. However, it is well known that these fibers are prone to loss of their mechanical properties above 1000 degree celsius. Although high, these temperatures are easily reached during processing and in-field applications of composites. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the mechanical behavior and the degradation mechanisms of oxide fibers at elevated temperatures. For that, two mullite fibers were evaluated: the well-established mullitea alumina NextelTM 720, and the fully crystalline mullite fiber CeraFib 75. Both fibers were analyzed before and after heat treatments at temperatures ranging 1000-1400 degree celsius for 25 h. The characterization approach included microstructural analyses, as well as creep and tensile tests at room and high temperatures. For comparison, the same procedure was conducted with the alumina fibers NextelTM 610 and CeraFib 99. As-received NextelTM 720 fibers present a microstructure of mullite grains with smaller a-alumina grains, whereas the microstructure of CeraFib 75 consists basically of mullite with traces of y-alumina. The higher amount of mullite in CeraFib 75 resulted in lower room-temperature strength. Still, CeraFib 75 showed higher strength retention than NextelTM 720 at temperatures above 1200AdegreeC, while the measured creep rates were in the same order of magnitude. With the thermal treatments performed, two microstructural changes were observed: grain growth and dissociation of the mullite phase. The kinetics of these reactions were quantified and related to the mechanical performance of the fibers. Thus, a strength decrease was observed for all oxide fibers mainly due to grain growth. On the other hand, the phase transformations caused by the thermal exposures improved the thermal stability of the fibers. As a consequence, the treated fibers were more resistant to creep, i.e., the creep rates decreased. In summary, this work presents a more detailed analysis on the long-term behavior of oxide fibers at high temperatures. Based on these results, it is suggested that a fiber with a chemical composition near to the stoichiometric 3/2 mullite would have higher thermal stability

Is blockchain an emerging tool able to provide assistance to transitional justice processes?

Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito, na especialidade de Direito Internacional e EuropeuBlockchain technology has the capacity to change how people live, communicate with each other, acquire products, store information, and exchange data. Such technology – that is able to perform in different segments is being called a general-purpose technology, like the internet, - can be useful in transitional justice processes. The present paper intends to analyse the use of blockchain technology as a new component in transitional justice processes, understand how blockchain would behave in each transitional justice pillar, considering a state of the art situation. Subsequently, blockchain projects were mentioned, that could be used in transitional justice scenarios, such as the economic development of local communities, and the implementation of refugees’ digital identification. Lastly, the technology’s limitations were taken into consideration, leading to the conclusion that in considering implementing blockchain technology in transitional justice processes, it is crucial to ponder the local transitional justice scenario with the blockchain characteristics, in order to pursuit better results.A tecnologia blockchain tem a capacidade de mudar a forma como as pessoas vivem, se comunicam, adquirem produtos, guardam e trocam informações. O uso de tal tecnologia, capaz de atuar em múltiplos segmentos, sendo considerada uma tecnologia de propósito geral, como a internet, pode ser bem desfrutada em processos de justiça de transição. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar se a tecnologia blockchain pode ser um novo componente em processos de justiça de transição, entendendo como a tecnologia atuaria, em cada pilar da justiça de transição, considerando um cenário de estado da arte. Posteriormente, foram citados alguns projetos nos quais se usa o blockchain e que poderiam ser usados em processos de justiça de transição, como desenvolvimento econômico de comunidades locais e implementação de identidades digitais para refugiados. Por fim, levou-se em consideração as limitações da tecnologia frente as suas circunstâncias atuais. Assim, antes de implementar a tecnologia blockchain em um cenário de justiça de transição, é importante ponderar todos os aspectos concretos da situação, juntamente com todas as características da tecnologia, para ter o melhor resultado

Dentoalveolar comparative study between removable and fixed cribs, associated to chincup, in anterior open bite treatment

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the dentoalveolar effects produced by two types of palatal crib, removable (Rpc+C) and fixed (Fpc+C), combined with chincup in growing patients with anterior open bite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: each group comprised 30 patients, in the mixed dentition phase, with similar cephalometric characteristics and skeletal ages. Group 1 (Rpc+C) presented initial mean age of 8.3 years and mean anterior open bite of 4.0 mm. Group 2 (Fpc+C) presented initial mean age of 8.54 years and mean anterior open bite of 4.3 mm. The evaluation period comprised 12 months between initial (T1) and second lateral radiograph (T2). The T2-T1 changes were compared cephalometrically in the 2 groups using the non-paired t-test. RESULTS: Vertical changes in the posterior dentoalveolar region were similar between the groups (about 1 mm) and no significant differences were found in molar mesialization. The Fpc+C group had in average 1.6 mm more improvement of the overbite as a result of greater maxillary incisor extrusion (1.3 mm). Patients in this group also presented less lingual tipping of maxillary incisors and more mandibular incisors uprighting. CONCLUSIONS: The Fpc+C combination was more efficient in the correction of the negative overbite mainly due to greater extrusion of the maxillary incisors. However, the Rpc+C appliance promoted better upper and lower incisor inclination, resulting in a more adequate overjet

A TEORIA CONFIGURACIONISTA E O SURGIMENTO DO LAZER

Artigo do núcleo Rede CEDES - UFPR publicado no 1º ENCONTRO DA ALESDEDentre os teóricos do campo do lazer, do ponto de vista conceitual e interpretativo, a discussão sobre quando surgiu o lazer é ainda uma questão polêmica. Na tentativa de contribuir com esse debate, oferecemos algumas reflexões cristalizadas a partir de preceitos e conhecimentos oriundos da teoria configuracionista. O objetivo principal foi ressaltar a impossibilidade e a desnecessidade de se encontrar um princípio absoluto para o surgimento do lazer, bem como refutar a idéia elaborada por alguns autores de que o lazer surge na modernidade, fruto das transformações decorrentes da Revolução Industrial.Rede CEDE

Meta-analysis for bioequivalence studies : interchangeability of generic drugs and similar containing Hydrochlorothiazide is possible but not with Enalapril Maleate

INTRODUÇÃO: O programa de genéricos no Brasil propiciou maior acesso da população a medicamentos. Para garantir a intercambiabilidade entre medicamentos referência e genérico ou similar, é necessário que eles sejam bioequivalentes. Com o crescimento do número de medicamentos genéricos, é comum que pacientes o substituam por outro genérico ou similar. Contudo, essa troca pode não garantir a manutenção da bioequivalência. Para avaliar a segurança na intercambiabilidade entre diferentes genéricos e similares com Hidroclorotiazida e Maleato de Enalapril, foi realizada metanálise de vários estudos de bioequivalência que utilizaram esses medicamentos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados provenientes de estudos de bioequivalência de genéricos e similares registrados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). A compatibilidade dos dados de cada um dos estudos foi analisada, e a determinação de um intervalo de confiança para as diferenças entre as médias dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos, área sob a curva (ASC) e concentração plasmática máxima (Cmáx ), foi feita para cada estudo por meio da metanálise. RESULTADOS: A intercambiabilidade entre as combinações dos três produtos com Hidroclorotiazida foi confirmada com base nos intervalos de confiança obtidos. Para os medicamentos com Maleato de Enalapril, a intercambiabilidade não foi confirmada em 50% das comparações estudadas dos produtos. CONCLUSÃO: A intercambiabilidade foi comprovada entre os três produtos com Hidroclorotiazida. No entanto, para o Maleato de Enalapril, metade dos produtos estudados não é intercambiável, uma vez que não contempla os intervalos preconizados pelos testes de bioequivalência; portanto, a resposta farmacocinética e, por conseguinte, a efetividade do medicamento podem ser alteradas.INTRODUCTION: The generic drugs program provided a better population's access to medicines. To ensure interchangeability between a brand-name and generic or similar drugs is necessary that they are bioequivalent. With the growing number of generic drugs, it is common for patients to replace a generic to another or one similar. However, this exchange can not guarantee the maintenance of bioequivalence. To evaluate the safety interchangeability between different generic and similar drugs with Hydrochlorothiazide and Enalapril Maleate, a meta-analysis was carried out with several bioequivalence studies with these drugs. METHODS: Data from bioequivalence of generic and similar drugs approved by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) (drug regulatory agency in Brazil) were used. The compatibility of data from each study was analyzed and the determination of a confidence interval for the differences between the means of pharmacokinetic parameters, area under the curve (ASC0-t) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), was made for each study by meta-analysis. RESULTS: The interchangeability between the combinations of the three products with Hydrochlorothiazide was confirmed based on the obtained confidence intervals. For the drugs studied with Enalapril Maleate interchangeability has not been confirmed for 50% of the product comparisons. CONCLUSION: The exchange was established between the three products with hydrochlorothiazide. However, for the Enalapril Maleate half of the products studied are not interchangeable, considering they do not match the established intervals for bioequivalence tests, so the pharmacokinetics behavior and thus the effectiveness of the product may be changed