FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION OF SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE AND CHARACTERIZATION BY P-31 NMR: AN EXPERIMENT FOR PYSICAL CHEMISTRY CLASSES.

FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION OF SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE AND CHARACTERIZATION BY P-31 NMR: AN EXPERIMENT FOR PYSICAL CHEMISTRY CLASSES. This text describes an experiment on fractional precipitation of a polymer together with determination of average degree of polymerization by NMR. Commercial sodium polyphosphate was fractionated by precipitation from aqueous solution by adding increasing amounts of acetone. The polydisperse salt and nine fractions obtained from it were analyzed by P-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the degree of polymerization of the salts and of the fractions were calculated. Long-chain sodium polyphosphate was also synthesized and analyzed. This experiment was tested in a PChem lab course but it can be used also to illustrate topics of inorganic polymers and analytical chemistry.3391991199

Sistemas ILPF e transferência de tecnologia nos Estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Oeste da Bahia.

O acrônimo Matopiba designa uma região geográfica que recobre alguns municípios dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia. É considerada a última fronteira agrícola do Brasil resultante da expansão do agronegócio e do avanço de uma agricultura altamente mecanizada, com uso intensificado de tecnologias de produção e fortemente assentada em paradigmas de excelência e competitividade (Miranda et al., 2014). A riqueza produzida pelo componente agrícola nos últimos 20 anos reconfigurou a região, tornando municípios, até então desconhecidos, referências do cenário agrícola nacional..

Effects of adenosine A2A receptor activation and alanyl-glutamine in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced ileitis in rabbits and cecitis in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Severe <it>Clostridium difficile </it>toxin-induced enteritis is characterized by exuberant intestinal tissue inflammation, epithelial disruption and diarrhea. Adenosine, through its action on the adenosine A_2Areceptor, prevents neutrophillic adhesion and oxidative burst and inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Alanyl-glutamine enhances intestinal mucosal repair and decreases apoptosis of enterocytes. This study investigates the protection from enteritis by combination therapy with ATL 370, an adenosine A_2Areceptor agonist, and alanyl-glutamine in a rabbit and murine intestinal loop models of <it>C. difficile </it>toxin A-induced epithelial injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Toxin A with or without alanyl-glutamine was administered intraluminally to rabbit ileal or murine cecal loops. Animals were also given either PBS or ATL 370 parenterally. Ileal tissues were examined for secretion, histopathology, apoptosis, Cxcl1/KC and IL-10.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ATL 370 decreased ileal secretion and histopathologic changes in loops treated with Toxin A. These effects were reversed by the A_2Areceptor antagonist, SCH 58261, in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of ATL 370 and alanyl-glutamine significantly further decreased ileal secretion, mucosal injury and apoptosis more than loops treated with either drug alone. ATL 370 and alanyl-glutamine also decreased intestinal tissue KC and IL-10.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Combination therapy with an adenosine A_2Areceptor agonist and alanyl-glutamine is effective in reversing <it>C. difficile </it>toxin A-induced epithelial injury, inflammation, secretion and apoptosis in animals and has therapeutic potential for the management of <it>C. difficile </it>infection.</p

Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) nos cerrados do Piauí e do Maranhão: estratégia de produção para quatro safras ao ano só com chuvas.

A Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) consiste na diversificação da produção, em que as atividades agrícolas, pecuárias e florestais passam a fazer parte de um mesmo sistema, na mesma área, visando aumentar a eficiência da utilização dos recursos naturais e a preservação do meio ambiente, resultando no incremento da produção e promovendo a estabilidade financeira do produtor.bitstream/item/201870/1/CartilhaILPFSet2019.pd

Yield of soybean genotypes identified through GGE biplot and path analysis.

Genotype x environment (GxE) interaction is an important source of variation in soybean yield, which can significantly influence selection in breeding programs. This study aimed to select superior soybean genotypes for performance and yield stability, from data from multienvironment trials (METs), through GGE biplot analysis that combines the main effects of the genotype (G) plus the genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction. As well as, through path analysis, determine the direct and indirect influences of yield components on soybean grain yield, as a genotype selection strategy

Genome Degradation in Brucella ovis Corresponds with Narrowing of Its Host Range and Tissue Tropism

Brucella ovis is a veterinary pathogen associated with epididymitis in sheep. Despite its genetic similarity to the zoonotic pathogens B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, B. ovis does not cause zoonotic disease. Genomic analysis of the type strain ATCC25840 revealed a high percentage of pseudogenes and increased numbers of transposable elements compared to the zoonotic Brucella species, suggesting that genome degradation has occurred concomitant with narrowing of the host range of B. ovis. The absence of genomic island 2, encoding functions required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as inactivation of genes encoding urease, nutrient uptake and utilization, and outer membrane proteins may be factors contributing to the avirulence of B. ovis for humans. A 26.5 kb region of B. ovis ATCC25840 Chromosome II was absent from all the sequenced human pathogenic Brucella genomes, but was present in all of 17 B. ovis isolates tested and in three B. ceti isolates, suggesting that this DNA region may be of use for differentiating B. ovis from other Brucella spp. This is the first genomic analysis of a non-zoonotic Brucella species. The results suggest that inactivation of genes involved in nutrient acquisition and utilization, cell envelope structure and urease may have played a role in narrowing of the tissue tropism and host range of B. ovis

Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, and VI: Brief review and guidelines for treatment

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions