KCNQ/M currents in sensory neurons: Significance for pain therapy

Neuronal hyperexcitability is a feature of epilepsy and both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. M currents [I-K(M)] play a key role in regulating neuronal excitability, and mutations in neuronal KCNQ2/3 subunits, the molecular correlates of I-K(M), have previously been linked to benign familial neonatal epilepsy. Here, we demonstrate that KCNQ/M channels are also present in nociceptive sensory systems. I-K(M) was identified, on the basis of biophysical and pharmacological properties, in cultured neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from 17-d-old rats. Currents were inhibited by the M-channel blockers linopirdine (IC50, 2.1 muM) and XE991 (IC50, 0.26 muM) and enhanced by retigabine (10 muM). The expression of neuronal KCNQ subunits in DRG neurons was confirmed using reverse transcription-PCR and single-cell PCR analysis and by immunofluorescence. Retigabine, applied to the dorsal spinal cord, inhibited C and Adelta fiber-mediated responses of dorsal horn neurons evoked by natural or electrical afferent stimulation and the progressive "windup" discharge with repetitive stimulation in normal rats and in rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation. Retigabine also inhibited responses to intrapaw application of carrageenan in a rat model of chronic pain; this was reversed by XE991. It is suggested that I-K(M) plays a key role in controlling the excitability of nociceptors and may represent a novel analgesic target

Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel Trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga Karya Sanie B. Kuncoro: Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Di Smk Islam Sudirman 2 Tingkir Salatiga

Tujuan penelitian ini ada empat; (1) mengetahui latar sosio historis Sanie B. Kuncoro, (2) mendeskripsikan struktur, (3) mendeskripsikan konflik batin tokoh utama dalam novel trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga karya Sanie B. Kuncoro tinjauan psikologi sastra, dan (4) mengetahui bentuk implementasi dalam pembelajaran di SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa kata, kalimat, dan ungkapan yang merupakan konflik batin yang digunakan oleh Sanie B. Kuncoro sebagai penulis dalam novel trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pustaka, simak, dan catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode pembacaan model semiotik, yaitu pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik serta teknik analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini ada empat. (1) Latar sosio-historis diketahui bahwa yang memengaruhi karya-karya Sanie B. Kuncoro adalah budaya Jawa- Cina. (2) Struktur novel trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga diketahui bahwa tema novel ini tentang kisah cinta dengan berbagai motif yang berbeda-beda sehingga memunculkan konflik batin. Tokoh utama novel trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga adalah Baron dalam novel The Desert Dreams, Jingga dalam novel Jingga, dan Frangi dalam novel Mimpi Bayang. Unsur-unsur tersebut dikembangkan dan membangun teks yang padu, utuh, dan bermakna sehingga pesan dan amanat dapat ditangkap dengan mudah. (3) Analisis psikologi sastra novel trilogi Mimpi Bayang Jingga karya Sanie B. Kuncoro menunjukkan konflik batin tokoh utama dalam novel The Desert Dreams terdapat konflik mendekat-mendekat, mendekatmenjauh, dan menjauh-menjauh, dalam novel Jingga terdapat konflik menjauhmenjauh dan mendekat-menjauh, dan dalam novel Mimpi Bayang terdapat konflik menjauh-menjauh dan mendekat-menjauh. Selanjutnya, (4) relevansi konflik batin dengan pembelajaran sastra mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMK dinyatakan pada SK; 3 Berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Indonesia setara tingkat unggul, dengan KD; 3.2. mengapresiasi secara lisan teks seni berbahasa dan teks ilmiah sederhana. Dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa antusiasme dan apresiasi siswa kelas XI semester 5 sangat baik dan mereka berharap ke depannya materi tersebut dijadikan bahan ajar sastra dalam pembelajaran di sekolahnya karena materi konflik batin merupakan materi baru dan menarik bagi mereka

Immigrant entrepreneurship and gender dimensions: A systematic review

Purpose: This paper discusses whether the gender dimension of immigrants influences theirentrepreneurial activities in host societies. Human capital theory, social capital theory, and disadvantagetheory are used to explore immigrant entrepreneurship and its understanding as a migration researchfield worthy of more attention.Design/methodology:A systematic review of the literature is used, selecting articles from Scopus,Jstor, Elsevier, Research, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases, Taylor & Francis Online andGoogle’s search engine. The studies obtained between 2000 and 2021 were screened, and only thosemeasuring the entrepreneurial spirit of immigrants on the basis of gender were included in the final dataset. The revision of the selected paper provides deductive perspectives on a common trend in immigrantentrepreneurship from a gender perspective. Findings:Out of 200 studies, only 20 fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Throughout these 20studies, it was found that female immigrant entrepreneurs face many challenges in sustaining theirbusinesses based on human capital, social capital, and disadvantage perspectives, as well as obtainingfamily support for their business activities. In some host societies, immigrant women entrepreneurs facediscrimination not only because of gender but also because of discrimination on the basis of race. Thedominance of male migrants in the host societies continues.Social implications:Female immigrant entrepreneurs face more difficulties than male immigrants interms of human capital skills and possessing sufficient social capital skills to create an enterprise.Therefore, the study implies that destination countries(which are defined as those countries receivingimmigrants and offering them domocile) should have start-up visa programs, specialized businessincubator and accelerator programs, outreach and incentive programs, and other governmental strategiesused to draw high-potential immigrant entrepreneurs.Originality/value: In this study, we specifically consider female immigrant enterprises to be asimportant as male enterprises in supporting the social and economic integration of immigrants. On theother hand, this study also shows the disadvantages female immigrant entrepreneurs face before andafter establishing a business and starting their entrepreneurial activitiesPeer Reviewe

Clinical disorders affecting mesopic vision

Vision in the mesopic range is affected by a number of inherited and acquired clinical disorders. We review these conditions and summarize the historical background, describing the clinical characteristics alongside the genetic basis and molecular biological mechanisms giving rise to rod and cone dysfunction relevant to twilight vision. The current diagnostic gold standards for each disease are discussed and curative and symptomatic treatment strategies are summarized

KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL MERDEKA SEJAK HATI KARYA AHMAD FUADI (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur yang membangun novel dan mendeskripsikan kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Merdeka Sejak Hati karya Ahmad Fuadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan mengadopsi strategi  sosiologi sastra guna mengetahui kritik sosial dalam novel tersebut. Data pada penelitian ini berupa dialog kutipan cerita dari novel tersebut. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa novel Merdeka Sejak Hati karya Ahmad Fuadi. Tekniik pengumpulan data menerapkan teknik simak dan cattat. Proses pengumpulan data yakni dengan cara membaca  dan catat keseluruhan isi teks dialog cerita yang mengandung kritik sosial dalam novel. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis konten, analisis perbandingan dengan cara..mengidentifikasi dan analisis struktural pada novel, dan menerapkan tinjauan sosiologi sastra. Adapun uji derajat kepercayaan atas data penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian yakni menerapkan triangulasi teknik atau teori. Pada penelitian ini hasilnya yaitu (1) unsur intrinsik terdiri atas tema: kebebasan batin dan perjuangan. Penokohan berisi tokoh: Lafran, Sutan Pangurabaan, Gonto Siregar dan tokoh tambahan lainnya. Alur cerita menggunakan alur maju dan alur mundur. Latar cerita novel terdapat latar tempat, suasana dan latar waktu. Gaya bahasa menggunakan majas personifikasi. Amanat terkandung dalam novel dalam menjalankan kehidupan, diperlukan semangat hidup yang kuat, bersikap jujur, bersyukur, berani, bertanggung jawab, peka terhadap lingkungan, disiplin, dan konsisten. (2)Terdapat 6 kritik masalah sosial dalam novel yaitu masalah politik, moral, pendidikan,agama, ekonomi, dan keluarga.Kata kunci: Kritik Sosial, Novel, Sosiologi Sastra.

Attachment and coping in psychosis in relation to spiritual figures

Background: Studies have found higher levels of insecure attachment in individuals with schizophrenia. Attachment theory provides a framework necessary for conceptualizing the development of interpersonal functioning. Some aspects of the attachment of the believer to his/her spiritual figure are similar to those between the child and his/her parents. The correspondence hypothesis suggests that early child-parent interactions correspond to a person's relation to a spiritual figure. The compensation hypothesis suggests that an insecure attachment history would lead to a strong religiousness/spirituality as a compensation for the lack of felt security. The aim of this study is to explore attachment models in psychosis vs. healthy controls, the relationships between attachment and psychopathology and the attachment processes related to spiritual figures. Methods: Attachment models were measured in 30 patients with psychosis and 18 controls with the AAI (Adult Attachment interview) in relationship with psychopathology. Beliefs and practices related to a spiritual figure were investigated by qualitative and quantitative analyses. Results: Patients with psychosis showed a high prevalence of insecure avoidant attachment. Spiritual entities functioned like attachment figures in two thirds of cases. Interviews revealed the transformation of internal working models within relation to a spiritual figure: a compensation process was found in 7 of the 32 subjects who showed a significant attachment to a spiritual figure. Conclusions: Attachment theory allows us to highlight one of the underlying dimensions of spiritual coping in patients with psychosis

Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Effect of Information Quality, and Management Capability on Hospital Performance

Introduction:The objective of this study is to make active interaction among actual and theoretical outcomes of the view of 100 medical staff and medical supervisors of the university hospital and to study and analyze the effect of important parameters (quality information, employee trust, employee engagement, and management capability) on the hospital performance using the proposed mathematical model. Methods:Primary data were collected from the highest-level medical job position in a hospital (medical doctors, head of the medical department, and medical supervisors). Using convenient sampling, the proposed mathematical model represents the input parameters as information quality, employee trust, employee engagement, and management capability, and output parameters for hospital performance dimensions as output. Results:The identification system depends on the actual outcomes to evaluate the effects of information quality (IQ), employee trust (ET), employee engagement (EM), and management capability (MC) against hospital performance were 60.032%, 43.428%, 78.186%, and 62.817%, respectively. Conclusions:The derived mathematical model has a high accuracy to represent all the active parameters of the system and optimize the conditions to produce high outcomes

Impacts of mangrove plantations on land stabilization along the coastline in Bangladesh

Rapid degradation of stabilized mangrove plantations in the southern and south-eastern part of Bangladesh has raised much concern to the scientists and environmentalists. In the past, land stabilization concept in connection to mangrove plantations is poorly understood. This study aimed at assessing the current status of mangrove plantations and understanding more about their impacts on land stabilization along the coastline of Bangladesh. The study was carried out at five Coastal Afforestation Divisions (here mentioned as CADs) of Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD) from September 2014 to August 2015. Primary data on stabilized mangrove plantations over the time period of 1966 - 2014 were collected from BFD field offices. Secondary data on natural accretion and erosion were collected from a large number of existing literatures. The results showed that more than 192,395 ha of mangrove plantations were stabilized over the period from 1966 through 2014 in five CADs with the highest distribution in Noakhali (40%) followed by that in Chittagong (26%), Bhola (20%) and Patuakhali (14%). The total area of stabilized mangroves maintained a significant (