Haid Perspektif Al-Qur’an; Analisis Terhadap Ayat Kesehatan Reproduksi Wanita QS. Al-Baqarah/2: 222-223

This article describes menstruation that occurs in women as a monthly cycle and also as a form of self-purification and purification of the female reproductive organs. In this article, there are several important topics that will be discussed, namely, an overview of QS. al-Baqarah, a study of verses on menstruation or reproductive health in women, as well as commentators' views on the verses of menstruation or reproductive health in women. Therefore, it is important to discuss the discussion so as not to cause misunderstandings and add insight about menstruation and maintaining reproductive health in women. This discussion is reviewed by conducting library research using an interpretive approach and health sciences. The conclusion is that menstruation is a natural cycle that occurs in every woman as a form of self-purification and cleaning of dirt in the reproductive organs

TAFSIR AQIDAH TENTANG NERAKA (TAFSIRAN TERHADAP QS. AL-NISA/4: 14)

This article discusses the aqidah interpretation of QS. al-Nisa/4:14 which explains about hell. In this article there are several important topics that will be the focus of the discussion, namely, first is the study of verses in vocabulary terms, their relation to other arguments and the interpretation of scholars, second is the description of the content of the creed in QS. al-Nisa/4:14. Therefore, it is necessary to explain these things so as not to cause misunderstanding in understanding the verse. The study of this problem was carried out by conducting a literature review with a linguistic approach and an interpretive science approach. So the conclusion is that there are differences of opinion among scholars in understanding and explaining the verse, there are scholars who are more inclined to disobedience, both forms of torture and forms of immorality, there are scholars who interpret that the verse speaks of disbelief in the Shari'a, and there are scholars who tend to interpret that the verse contains an order not to change the decree of Allah swt.Artikel ini membahas tentang tafsiran secara aqidah pada QS. al-Nisa/4:14 yang menjelaskan perihal neraka. Dalam artikel ini terdapat beberapa topik penting yang akan menjadi fokus bahasan yaitu, pertama adalah kajian tehadap ayat secara kosakata, keterkaitan dengan dalil lain dan penafsiran ulama, kedua adalah deskripsi kandungan aqidah dalam QS. al-Nisa/4:14. Oleh karena itu maka perlu kiranya menjelaskan hal-hal tersebut agar tidak menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam memahami ayat tersebut. Pengkajian masalah ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan kebahasaan dan pendekatan ilmu tafsir. Maka kesimpulannya adalah terjadi perbedaan pendapat dikalangan ulama tafsir dalam memahami dan menjelaskan ayat tersebut, ada ulama yang lebih cenderung kepada kemaksiatan, baik itu bentuk siksaan dan bentuk maksiat, ada ulama yang menafsirkan bahwa ayat tersebut berbicara tentang kekufuran terhadap syariat, dan ada ulama cenderung menafsirkan bahwa ayat tersebut mengandung perintah tidak boleh merubah ketetapan Allah swt

KARAKTERISTIK KOMUNIKASI NABI MUHAMMAD SAW. (ANALISIS TERHADAP HADIS METODE DAKWAH)

This article discusses the characteristics of the communication of the Prophet Muhammad, in preaching. In this article, there are several important things that will become the core of the discussion, namely, the definition of da'wah, methods or procedures for preaching the Prophet Muhammad. as well as the communicative characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad, to the target of his da'wah. Therefore, it is necessary to explain these things so as not to cause mistakes and misunderstandings in preaching. The study of this problem was carried out by conducting a literature review with a linguistic approach to the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. So the conclusion is that da'wah is an activity to convey news, while the da'wah method is the method used by news bearers. As for the method and characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad's da'wah. that is, by conveying good news, not making it difficult, conveying it politely and full of wisdom.Artikel ini membahas tentang karakteristik komunikasi Nabi Muhammad saw, dalam berdakawah. Dalam artikel ini terdapat beberapa hal penting yang akan menjadi inti bahasan yaitu, definisi dakwah, metode atau tata cara dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw. serta karaketeristik komunikatif Nabi Muhammad saw, kepada target dakwahnya. Oleh karena itu maka perlu kiranya menjelaskan hal-hal tersebut agar tidak menimbulkan kekeliruan dan kesalahpahaman dalam berdakwah. Pengkajian masalah ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan kebahasaan terhadap hadis Nabi Muhammad saw. Maka kesimpulannya adalah dakwah merupakan kegiatan menyampaikan berita, sedangkan metode dakwah adalah cara yang digunakan oleh pembawa berita. Adapun metide dan karakteristik dakwah Nabi Muhammad saw. yaitu, dengan menyampaikan berita gembira, tidak mempersulit, disampaikan dengan sopan dan santun serta penuh dengan hikmah

Physically active academic lessons; Acceptance, barriers and facilitators for implementation

Background To improve health and academic learning in schoolchildren, the Active School programme in Stavanger, Norway has introduced physically active academic lessons. This is a teaching method combining physical activity with academic content. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the response to the physically active lessons and identify facilitators and barriers for implementation of such an intervention. Methods Five school leaders (principals or vice-principals), 13 teachers and 30 children from the five intervention schools were interviewed about their experiences with the 10-month intervention, which consisted of weekly minimum 2 × 45 minutes of physically active academic lessons, and the factors affecting its implementation. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using the qualitative data analysis program NVivo 10 (QSR international, London, UK). In addition, weekly teacher’s intervention delivery logs were collected and analysed. Results On average, the physically active academic lessons in 18 of the 34 weeks (53%) were reported in the teacher logs. The number of delivered physically active academic lessons covered 73% of the schools’ planned activity. Physically active lessons were well received among school leaders, teachers and children. The main facilitators for implementation of the physically active lessons were active leadership and teacher support, high self-efficacy regarding mastering the intervention, ease of organizing physically active lessons, inclusion of physically active lessons into the lesson curricula, and children’s positive reception of the intervention. The main barriers were unclear expectations, lack of knowledge and time to plan the physiclly active lessons, and the length of the physically active lessons (15–20 min lessons were preferred over the 45 min lessons). Conclusion Physically active academic lessons were considered an appropriate pedagogical method for creating positive variation, and were highly appreciated among both teachers and children. Both the principal and the teachers should be actively involved the implementation, which could be strengthened by including physical activity into the school’s strategy. Barriers for implementing physically active lessons in schools could be lowered by increasing implementation clarity and introducing the teachers to high quality and easily organized lessons.publishedVersio

Developmental Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in a Model of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

The influence of developmental nicotine exposure on the brain represents an important health topic in light of the popularity of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a smoking cessation method during pregnancy.In this study, we used a model of NRT during pregnancy and breastfeeding to explore the consequences of chronic developmental nicotine exposure on cerebral neuroplasticity in the offspring. We focused on two dynamic lifelong phenomena in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus that are highly sensitive to the environment: granule cell neurogenesis and long-term potentiation (LTP).Pregnant rats were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps delivering either nicotine or saline solutions. Plasma nicotine and metabolite levels were measured in dams and offspring. Corticosterone levels, DG neurogenesis (cell proliferation, survival and differentiation) and glutamatergic electrophysiological activity were measured in pups.Juvenile (P15) and adolescent (P41) offspring exposed to nicotine throughout prenatal and postnatal development displayed no significant alteration in DG neurogenesis compared to control offspring. However, NRT-like nicotine exposure significantly increased LTP in the DG of juvenile offspring as measured in vitro from hippocampal slices, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced LTP enhancement previously described in adult rats are already functional in pups.These results indicate that synaptic plasticity is disrupted in offspring breastfed by dams passively exposed to nicotine in an NRT-like fashion

Continuous and transparent multimodal authentication: reviewing the state of the art

Individuals, businesses and governments undertake an ever-growing range of activities online and via various Internet-enabled digital devices. Unfortunately, these activities, services, information and devices are the targets of cybercrimes. Verifying the user legitimacy to use/access a digital device or service has become of the utmost importance. Authentication is the frontline countermeasure of ensuring only the authorized user is granted access; however, it has historically suffered from a range of issues related to the security and usability of the approaches. They are also still mostly functioning at the point of entry and those performing sort of re-authentication executing it in an intrusive manner. Thus, it is apparent that a more innovative, convenient and secure user authentication solution is vital. This paper reviews the authentication methods along with the current use of authentication technologies, aiming at developing a current state-of-the-art and identifying the open problems to be tackled and available solutions to be adopted. It also investigates whether these authentication technologies have the capability to fill the gap between high security and user satisfaction. This is followed by a literature review of the existing research on continuous and transparent multimodal authentication. It concludes that providing users with adequate protection and convenience requires innovative robust authentication mechanisms to be utilized in a universal level. Ultimately, a potential federated biometric authentication solution is presented; however it needs to be developed and extensively evaluated, thus operating in a transparent, continuous and user-friendly manner

Refinement of arsenic attributable health risks in rural Pakistan using population specific dietary intake values

Background: Previous risk assessment studies have often utilised generic consumption or intake values when evaluating ingestion exposure pathways. If these values do not accurately reflect the country or scenario in question, the resulting risk assessment will not provide a meaningful representation of cancer risks in that particular country/scenario. Objectives: This study sought to determine water and food intake parameters for one region in South Asia, rural Pakistan, and assess the role population specific intake parameters play in cancer risk assessment. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect data on sociodemographic features and 24-hour water and food consumption patterns from a rural community. The impact of dietary differences on cancer susceptibility linked to arsenic exposure was evaluated by calculating cancer risks using the data collected in the current study against standard water and food intake levels for the USA, Europe and Asia. A probabilistic cancer risk was performed for each set of intake values of this study. Results: Average daily total water intake based on drinking direct plain water and indirect water from food and beverages was found to be 3.5 L day-1 (95% CI: 3.38, 3.57) exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency’s default (2.5 L day-1) and World Health Organization’s recommended intake value (2 L day-1). Average daily rice intake (469 g day-1) was found to be lower than in India and Bangladesh whereas wheat intake (402 g day−1) was higher than intake reported for USA, Europe and Asian sub-regions. Consequently, arsenic-associated cumulative cancer risks determined for daily water intake was found to be 17 in children of 3-6 years (95% CI: 0.0014, 0.0017), 14 in children of age 6-16 years (95% CI: 0.001, 0.0011) and 6 in adults of 16-67 years (95% CI: 0.0006, 0.0006) in a population size of 10000. This is higher than the risks estimated using the US Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization’s default recommended water intake levels. Rice intake data showed early life cumulative cancer risks of 15 in 10000 for children of 3-6 years (95% CI: 0.0012, 0.0015), 14 in children of 6-16 years (95% CI: 0.0011, 0.0014) and later life risk of 8 in adults (95% CI: 0.0008, 0.0008) in a population of 10000. This is lower than cancer risks in countries with higher rice intake and elevated arsenic levels (Bangladesh and India). Cumulative cancer risk from arsenic exposure showed the relative risk contribution from total water to be51%, from rice to be44% and wheat intake 5%. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the need to use population specific dietary information for risk assessment and risk management studies. Probabilistic risk assessment concluded the importance of dietary intake in estimating cancer risk, along with arsenic concentrations in water or food and age of exposed rural population