Smartphone-Based pH Sensor for Home Monitoring of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis.

Currently, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients lack the ability to track their lung health at home, relying instead on doctor checkups leading to delayed treatment and lung damage. By leveraging the ubiquity of the smartphone to lower costs and increase portability, a smartphone-based peripheral pH measurement device was designed to attach directly to the headphone port to harvest power and communicate with a smartphone application. This platform was tested using prepared pH buffers and sputum samples from CF patients. The system matches within ~0.03 pH of a benchtop pH meter while fully powering itself and communicating with a Samsung Galaxy S3 smartphone paired with either a glass or Iridium Oxide (IrOx) electrode. The IrOx electrodes were found to have 25% higher sensitivity than the glass probes at the expense of larger drift and matrix sensitivity that can be addressed with proper calibration. The smartphone-based platform has been demonstrated as a portable replacement for laboratory pH meters, and supports both highly robust glass probes and the sensitive and miniature IrOx electrodes with calibration. This tool can enable more frequent pH sputum tracking for CF patients to help detect the onset of pulmonary exacerbation to provide timely and appropriate treatment before serious damage occurs

Bilateral gluteal abscesses and myofibrosis complicating intramuscular pentazocine abuse: a case report

BACKGROUND: There is paucity of reports on the musculoskeletal complications of pentazocine abuse in Nigeria.The aim was to report a case of bilateral gluteal abscesses and myofibrosis as a consequence of parenteral pentazocine abuse.CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of a 39 year old housewife who presented with bilateral gluteal pyomyositis and myofibrosis following intramuscular pentazocine abuse.The patient had received parental pentazocine for pain relief for about 3 weeks seven years ago.She gradually developed dependence on this drug and received increasing doses of this drug by self injection on both buttocks. She subsequently developed bilateral gluteal abscesses and myofibrosis that was treated by surgical drainage,debridement,wound dressing and antibiotics.CONCLUSION: Pentazocine abuse should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of multiple gluteal abscesses.Clinicians should be cautious in the use of pentazocine as routine painkillers.KEYWORDS: Pentazocine abuse,gluteal abscesses,Nigeria

Developing an open data portal for the ESA climate change initiative

We introduce the rationale for, and architecture of, the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Open Data Portal (http://cci.esa.int/data/). The Open Data Portal hosts a set of richly diverse datasets – 13 “Essential Climate Variables” – from the CCI programme in a consistent and harmonised form and to provides a single point of access for the (>100 TB) data for broad dissemination to an international user community. These data have been produced by a range of different institutions and vary across both scientific and spatio-temporal characteristics. This heterogeneity of the data together with the range of services to be supported presented significant technical challenges. An iterative development methodology was key to tackling these challenges: the system developed exploits a workflow which takes data that conforms to the CCI data specification, ingests it into a managed archive and uses both manual and automatically generated metadata to support data discovery, browse, and delivery services. It utilises both Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) data nodes and the Open Geospatial Consortium Catalogue Service for the Web (OGC-CSW) interface, serving data into both the ESGF and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). A key part of the system is a new vocabulary server, populated with CCI specific terms and relationships which integrates OGC-CSW and ESGF search services together, developed as part of a dialogue between domain scientists and linked data specialists. These services have enabled the development of a unified user interface for graphical search and visualisation – the CCI Open Data Portal Web Presence

Temsirolimus Is Highly Effective as Third-Line Treatment in Chromophobe Renal Cell Cancer

We report unexpectedly high efficacy of temsirolimus as third-line treatment in a patient with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. After failure of two sequentially administered tyrosine kinase inhibitors, treatment with temsirolimus resulted in a prolonged partial remission of 14 months, and the response is still continuing. Up to now, no data from randomized clinical studies have been published addressing the question of efficacy of temsirolimus as third-line treatment after failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The case presented here implies that temsirolimus could be a viable option for patients with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Effect of antibiotics in preventing hospitalizations from respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome

BACKGROUND: Children with Down Syndrome (DS) are at high risk of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to anatomical variations, comorbidities and immune system immaturity. Evidence on interventions to reduce this risk is incomplete. This study aims to quantify the effect of antibiotics prescribed for RTIs in primary care on the subsequent risk of RTI-related hospitalisation for children with DS versus controls. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 992 children with DS and 4,874 controls managed by UK National Health Service (NHS) General Practitioners (GPs) and hospitals as identified in CALIBER (Clinical disease research using LInked Bespoke studies and Electronic health Records), 1997-2010. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken. RESULTS: In children with DS, the prescription of antibiotics following an RTI-related GP consultation did not significantly reduce the risk of RTI-related hospitalisation in the subsequent 28 days (Risk with antibiotics 1.8%; without 2.5%; Risk Ratio (RR) 0.699, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.471-1.036). Subgroup analyses showed a risk reduction only in infants with DS, after adjustment for covariates. There was no reduction in risk for controls, overall or across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, whilst prescription of antibiotics following RTI-related GP consultations were effective for infants with DS in reducing subsequent RTI-related hospitalisation, this was not the case for older children with DS. We would encourage further high-quality cohort and randomised controlled trials to interrogate this finding, and to examine the impact of antibiotics on other endpoints, including symptom duration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Conflict, what conflict?: Evidence that playing down ‘conflict’ can be a weapon of choice for high‐status groups

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordThree studies using pre‐existing (Studies 1 and 3) and minimal (Study 2) groups tested the hypothesis that ingroup status shapes whether ‘conflict’ with an outgroup is strategically acknowledged or downplayed. As predicted, high (vs. low) ingroup status led group members to downplay conflict, but only to an outgroup rather than ingroup audience (Studies 1 & 2; Ns = 127 & 292), and only when the status difference was unstable (vs. stable) and the outgroup’s action was perceived as illegitimate (Study 2). High‐status group members also collectively communicated with the outgroup in a manner designed to defuse conflict (Study 2). Survey data of industrial (manager‐worker) relations further indicated that company managers (high‐status) characterized manager–worker relations as less conflictual than did workers (low‐status) in the same companies (Study 3; N = 24,661). Findings imply that high‐status groups play down conflict as a ‘benevolent’ (but unacknowledged) means of maintaining intergroup status hierarchies

The effect of experimental hyperoxia on erythrocytes’ oxygen-transport function

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia, calcium ions and pH value on the composition of major phospholipids in human erythrocyte membranes and erythrocytes’ oxygen-transport function. To create a model of hyperoxia, we saturated the incubated mixture with oxygen by constant passing of oxygen–air mixture through the incubation medium. To assess the effect of elevated calcium ion concentrations, CaCl2 was added to the incubation medium. An incubation medium with different pH was used to study the effect of various pH values. Lipids were extracted from erythrocytes and chromatographic separation was carried out in a thin layer of silica gel deposited on a glass plate. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-active products and the content of diene conjugates (DC) in erythrocytes were determined. The oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that hyperoxia causes deep changes both in the composition and character of bilayer lipids of erythrocyte membranes, which affects the functional characteristics of erythrocytes, primarily the oxygen-transport properties of erythrocyte haemoglobin. It should be noted that a combination of Ca2+ ions and change in the pH value intensify the processes associated with disruption of phospholipids’ composition. The findings indicate that the lipid phase is one of the key elements in the functioning of erythrocytes in norm as well as during development of various pathological processes

On sparse variational methods and the Kullback-Leibler divergence between stochastic processes

The variational framework for learning inducing variables (Titsias, 2009a) has had a large impact on the Gaussian process literature. The framework may be interpreted as minimizing a rigorously defined Kullback-Leibler divergence between the approximating and posterior processes. To our knowledge this connection has thus far gone unremarked in the literature. In this paper we give a substantial generalization of the literature on this topic. We give a new proof of the result for infinite index sets which allows inducing points that are not data points and likelihoods that depend on all function values. We then discuss augmented index sets and show that, contrary to previous works, marginal consistency of augmentation is not enough to guarantee consistency of variational inference with the original model. We then characterize an extra condition where such a guarantee is obtainable. Finally we show how our framework sheds light on interdomain sparse approximations and sparse approximations for Cox processes

Measuring V_ub and probing SUSY with double ratios of purely leptonic decays of B and D mesons

The experimental prospects for precise measurements of the leptonic decays B_u -> tau nu / mu nu, B_s -> mu+ mu-, D -> mu nu and D_s -> mu nu / tau nu are very promising. Double ratios involving four of these decays can be defined in which the dependence on the values of the decay constants is essentially eliminated, thus enabling complementary measurements of the CKM matrix element V_ub with a small theoretical error. We quantify the experimental error in a possible future measurement of |V_ub| using this approach, and show that it is competitive with the anticipated precision from the conventional approaches. Moreover, it is shown that such double ratios can be more effective than the individual leptonic decays as a probe of the parameter space of supersymmetric models. We emphasize that the double ratios have the advantage of using |V_ub| as an input parameter (for which there is experimental information), while the individual decays have an uncertainty from the decay constants (e.g. f_B_s), and hence a reliance on theoretical techniques such as lattice QCD.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure