Avaliação da diversidade microbiana em amostras de solos: técnica do PCR/DGGE (Protocolo Laboratorial).

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Uso do Meio Solo e PCR/DGGE como estratégia para caracterização da comunidade bacteriana.

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Impacto à diversidade microbiana (IDM): uma estratégia para incorporação de resultados de análises moleculares de biodiversidade em estudos integrados de qualidade do solo.

Qualidade do solo é um conceito, desenvolvido a partir da década de 1980 e aprimorado na década seguinte, que considera não apenas a função do solo em prover nutrientes e substrato físico para o crescimento de plantas, mas também sua capacidade de regular o clima e a hidrologia do ecossistema onde se insere, e funcionando desta forma harmoniosa para atender não só as necessidades das gerações presentes, mas também das gerações futuras da humanidade. Assim, qualidade do solo é um conceito intimamente ligado ao de sustentabilidade, de onde se conclui que não há sistema de uso da terra sustentável se a qualidade do solo se deteriora ao longo do tempo. O monitoramento dos impactos, positivos ou negativos, do uso da terra sobre a qualidade do solo demanda a utilização de indicadores baseados em parâmetros químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. A diversidade microbiana do solo, reconhecidamente relevante para o funcionamento deste valioso recurso natural, tem sido cada vez mais investigada em estudos de qualidade do solo, com o emprego de técnicas moleculares para sua elucidação. No entanto, estas técnicas apresentam resultados na maioria das vezes de aspecto qualitativo, revelando a presença ou ausência de grupos microbianos na matriz do solo, o que dificulta o emprego destes dados em análises integradas com outros parâmetros do solo, como teores de nutrientes, matéria orgânica, ou ainda índices do estado de agregação do solo. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma estratégia metodológica para incorporar dados resultantes da técnica de PCR/DGGE, que vem sendo amplamente utilizada em análises de diversidade microbiana a partir de DNA extraído diretamente de amostras de solo, em estudos de qualidade do solo. A partir dos perfis de bandas resultantes dos géis de eletroforese desnaturante, foram calculados valores chama- dos de IDM, Índice de Impacto à Diversidade Microbiana, que apresentaram correlações positivas e negativas significativas com diversos parâmetros já consagrados em estudos de qualidade do solo. A estratégia foi aplicada com sucesso em solos sob diferentes pressões de uso agrícola, e estágios de sucessão vegetal, incluindo uma mata clímax, coletados de uma propriedade sob sistema de agricultura migratória de base familiar na região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.bitstream/item/88525/1/bpd62-2004-idmicrobiana.pd

Masculinity, Age and Rapport in Qualitative Research

Purpose To reflect on the central role of gender and age in qualitative research practice, particularly in regard to how the gender and age of the researcher influence fieldwork interactions. Methodology/approach A reflection of three separate qualitative research undertakings, all of which made use of interviews and participant-observation fieldwork. Findings Gender and age intersections of both the researcher and research subjects influence fieldwork interactions both in terms of discursive and embodied interactions. Reflections on past research involve considering the relative changing subject position of the researcher in terms of masculinity, youth and social status. Rapport is established in the field through talk and interaction that can involve the performance of knowledge and gender. The researcher’s embodied feeling of ‘fitting in’ during fieldwork therefore draws on gender-, age- and ethnicity-specific privilege. Originality/value Unlike many acts of researcher reflexivity which reflect on a single research project, this chapter recalls experiences of fieldwork during three separate research undertakings. It adds to debates about methodological issues of doing research into men and masculinities by exploring how such is intersected by the age of both the researcher and research participants

Parental Leave policies, gender equity and family well being in Europe: a comparative perspective

Leave policies and the protection of working parents' rights have changed significantly in Europe during the last few decades. While policies introduced immediately after World War II were largely based on a male-breadwinner model, the post-1970s policies have recognised the increase in maternal employment, the growing diversity of work/family arrangements and working parents' needs for state support in caring for young children. Paid maternity leave and paid or unpaid parental leave are now available throughout Europe - Western, Central and Eastern - and policy developments have encouraged more gender-neutral leaves and longer periods of paid leave (Deven and Moss 2005)

Redes Sociais e Comportamento Sexual: para uma visão relacional da sexualidade, do risco e da prevenção

Com base num inquérito representativo da população portuguesa entre 18 e 65 anos, realizado em 2007, este estudo investiga o impacto de fatores de rede social sobre os comportamentos sexuais dos indivíduos. Através da percepção normativa dos inquiridos sobre a moral sexual dos seus amigos e familiares e de indicadores relativos à caracterização da rede de confidência sexual, tais como o número, a identidade, o gênero, a idade e o comportamento dos confidentes em matéria de sexualidade e prevenção face ao risco de infecção por DSTs, obtivemos um retrato multidimensional das redes sociais dos indivíduos. A realização de análises de regressão linear e logística permitiu avaliar o impacto preditivo da rede sobre o número de parceiros sexuais, as relações sexuais ocasionais e o uso do preservativo. Os dados mostram que os fatores de rede são importantes para explicar o comportamento sexual dos indivíduos. Redes constituídas por amigos e mais liberais em termos de moral sexual tendem a influenciar o comportamento sexual, levando a um maior experimentalismo, sobretudo no caso das mulheres. Por outro lado, a homologia entre o comportamento sexual dos confidentes e o dos inquiridos é relevante para explicar o recurso ao preservativo nas relações sexuais ocasionais, especialmente no caso dos homens. Tanto numa perspectiva relacional da sexualidade como numa óptica epidemiológica, a análise das redes sociais dos indivíduos constitui um aspecto importante para a compreensão e explicação da variedade de experiências sexuais, mais restritas ou mais plurais, e para os riscos de infecção que daí podem advir

Reframing gender and feminist knowledge construction in marketing and consumer research: missing feminisms and the case of men and masculinities

Gender has been theorised and studied in many ways and across different disciplines. Although a number of these theorisations have been recognised and adopted in marketing and consumer research, the significance of feminism in knowledge construction has largely remained what we would call ‘unfinished’. Based on a critical reframing of gender research in marketing and consumer research, in dialogue with feminist theory, this article offers theoretical and practical suggestions for how to reinvigorate these research efforts. The analysis highlights dominant theorisations of gender, relating to gender as variable, difference and role; as fundamental difference and structuring; and as cultural and identity constructions. This reframing emphasises various neglected or ‘missing feminisms’, including queer theory; critical race, intersectional and transnational feminisms; material-discursive feminism; and critical studies on men and masculinities. A more detailed discussion of the latter, as a relatively new, growing and politically contentious area, is further developed to highlight more specifically which feminist and gender theories are mainly in use in marketing and consumer research and which are little or not used. In the light of this, it is argued that marketing and related disciplines have thus far largely neglected several key contemporary gender and feminist theorisations, particularly those that centre on gender power relations. The potential impact of these theoretical frames on transdisciplinary studies in marketing and consumer research and research agenda(s) is discussed

The Portuguese version of the Psychological Adjustment to Separation Test-Part A (PAST-A): a study with recently and non-recently divorced adults

Past research has demonstrated that divorced adults show more health problems and psychological distress than married adults. Considering the high prevalence rates of divorce among Western countries, new and robust measures should be developed to measure psychological distress after this specific transition in adulthood. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate a Portuguese version of the Psychological Adjustment to Separation Test-Part A (PAST-A; Sweeper and Halford in J Family Psychol 20(4):632–640, 2006). PAST-A is a self-report measure that assesses two key dimensions of separation adjustment problems: lonely-negativity and former partner attachment. Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of PAST-A were assessed in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity, in an online convenience sample with divorced adults (N = 460). The PAST-A two-factor structure was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, with each factor demonstrating very satisfactory internal consistency and good convergence. In terms of discriminant validity, the Portuguese PAST-A reveals a distinct factor from psychological growth after divorce. The results provided support for the use of the Portuguese PAST-A with divorced adults and also suggested that the explicative factors of the psychological adjustment to divorce may be cross-cultural stable. The non-existence of validated divorce-related well-being measures and its implications for divorce research are also discussed

Work-to-family enrichment and gender inequalities in eight European countries

All social roles have positive and rewarding as well as negative/problematic aspects. Research on the work–family interface has predominantly focused on conflicting roles. In contrast, this paper extends research on work–family enrichment (WFE), a positive aspect of work and gender differences in WFE in a cross-national context. Drawing upon social role theory and the culture sensitive theory on work–family enrichment, we examined gender differences in experiences of developmental WFE in a sample of service sector employees in eight European countries. In line with traditional gender roles, women reported more WFE than men. The relationship was moderated by both an objective and subjective measure of gender egalitarianism but in the opposite direction as hypothesized. The gender gap in WFE was larger in more gender-egalitarian countries, where women may be better able to transfer resources from the work domain to benefit their family role than in low egalitarian societies. National differences in labour market factors, family models and the public discourse on work–life balance mainly explain the unanticipated findings