Quantum optical coherence tomography with dispersion cancellation

We propose a new technique, called quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT), for carrying out tomographic measurements with dispersion-cancelled resolution. The technique can also be used to extract the frequency-dependent refractive index of the medium. QOCT makes use of a two-photon interferometer in which a swept delay permits a coincidence interferogram to be traced. The technique bears a resemblance to classical optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, it makes use of a nonclassical entangled twin-photon light source that permits measurements to be made at depths greater than those accessible via OCT, which suffers from the deleterious effects of sample dispersion. Aside from the dispersion cancellation, QOCT offers higher sensitivity than OCT as well as an enhancement of resolution by a factor of 2 for the same source bandwidth. QOCT and OCT are compared using an idealized sample.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Evidence for MBM_B and MCM_C phases in the morphotropic phase boundary region of (1−x)[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]−xPbTiO3(1-x)[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3]-xPbTiO_3 : A Rietveld study

We present here the results of the room temperature dielectric constant measurements and Rietveld analysis of the powder x-ray diffraction data on $(1-x)[Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3]-xPbTiO_3$(PMN-$x$PT) in the composition range $0.20 \leq x \leq 0.45$ to show that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region contains two monoclinic phases with space groups Cm (or $M_B$ type) and Pm (or $M_C$ type) stable in the composition ranges $0.27 \leq x \leq 0.30$ and $0.31 \leq x \leq 0.34$, respectively. The structure of PMN-$x$PT in the composition ranges $0 \leq x \leq$ 0.26, and $0.35 \leq x \leq1$ is found to be rhombohedral (R3m) and tetragonal (P4mm), respectively. These results are compared with the predictions of Vanderbilt & Cohen's theory.Comment: 20 pages, 11 pdf figure

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Income Disparities and Social Policy: Russia's Trends in the Period of Reforms

Note: 270

Моделі професійної готовності курсантів вищих військових училищ Збройних сил України

Цель: Создание моделей профессиональной готовности, а именно физической, психической, психофизиологической и функциональной подготовленности на основе разработанной интегральной методики. Материал/методы: В исследовании приняло участие 60 курсантов четвертого выпускного курса по 30 человек в контрольной и экспериментальной группах. Для подтверждения эффективности разработанной методики было использовано тестирование физических качеств, психологическое анкетирование, исследование познавательных процессов, а также функциональные пробы. Результаты: Установлено, что в начале эксперимента между контрольной и экспериментальной группах не было достоверности различий во всех показателях. После проведенного исследования в экспериментальной группе произошли улучшение всех показателей по сравнению с контрольной группой. Так в среднем в показателях физической подготовленности они повысились на 9,34%, психические качества на 21,25%, психофизиологические способности на 14,7% и функциональная подготовленность на 21,13%. Полученные результаты являются достоверными. Выводы: Разработанная методика позволила значительно повысить индивидуальные результаты курсантов, построить модели которые характеризуют профессиональную готовность будущих офицеров, а также повысить адаптационные процессы всех систем к служебно-боевой деятельности.Purpose : Creating models of professional readiness, namely, physical, mental, psycho-physiological and functional training based on the integral method developed. Material / Methods : The study involved 60 students of the fourth graduating class of 30 people in the control and experimental groups. To confirm the effectiveness of the developed method was used testing the physical qualities, psychological questionnaires, the study of cognitive processes, as well as functional tests. Results: It was established that at the beginning of the experiment between the control and experimental groups was not significant differences in all indicators. After the study of the experimental group experienced an improvement of performance as compared to the control group. So on average, in terms of physical fitness, they increased by 9.34 %, mental qualities to 21.25 %, physiological capacity of 14.7 % and a functional readiness to 21.13 %. The results obtained are reliable. Conclusions : The developed method allowed to increase the individual results of students to build models that characterize the professional readiness of future officers, as well as increase the adaptive processes of all systems to service and combat activities.Мета: Створення моделей професійної готовності, а саме фізичної, психічної, психофізіологічної і функціональної підготовленості на основі розробленої інтегральної методики. Матеріал / методи : У дослідженні взяло участь 60 курсантів четвертого випускного курсу по 30 осіб у контрольній та експериментальній групах. Для підтвердження ефективності розробленої методики було використано тестування фізичних якостей, психологічне анкетування, дослідження пізнавальних процесів, а також функціональні проби. Результати: Встановлено, що на початку експерименту між контрольною та експериментальної групах не було достовірності відмінностей у всіх показниках. Після проведеного дослідження в експериментальній групі відбулися поліпшення всіх показників у порівнянні з контрольною групою. Так в середньому в показниках фізичної підготовленості вони підвищилися на 9,34 %, психічні якості на 21,25 %, психофізіологічні здібності на 14,7 % і функціональна підготовленість на 21,13 %. Отримані результати є достовірними. Висновки: Розроблена методика дозволила значно підвищити індивідуальні результати курсантів, побудувати моделі які характеризують професійну готовність майбутніх офіцерів, а також підвищити адаптаційні процеси всіх систем до службово - бойової діяльност

Genetic susceptibility to the development of primary open angle glaucoma

Background: Primary open angle glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy and associated with a number of factors such as age, ethnicity, family history, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure (IOP). In addition, it might be associated with myopia and certain systemic disorders. Family history is the highest risk factor as shown by the presence of glaucoma in first-degree relatives. Purpose: To assess the potential for the development of glaucoma due to genetically predisposed features of ocular anatomy and age-related changes in these features based on a case glaucoma in monozygotic siblings. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical case of two monozygotic sisters with the disease based on complaints, history, physical and instrumental examination, treatment and outcomes. Results: The two monozygotic sisters (1) were diagnosed with the same disorder approximately at the same age, (2) presented with similar ocular biometric characteristics and age-related changes of the anterior eye, and (3) underwent the same surgery on both eyes, which resulted in improved visual functions, stable IOP reduction, stable perimetric visual fields, and stable OCT derived RNFL thickness. Conclusion: The results obtained in monozygotic siblings confirm that genetic susceptibility to changes in anterior eye parameters and age-related changes in anterior ocular structures along with environmental factors constitute the main cause of hydrodynamic impairment resulting in the development of glaucoma

Inner-sphere hydrolysis of ethyl isothiocyanate in MoCl4{[N(Et)C(S)]2Cl}: Crystal structure of the product of hydrolysis, ethylammonium aquatetrachlorooxomolybdate(V) (NH3Et)[MoOCl4(H2O)]

The product of insertion MoCl4{[N(Et)C(S)]2Cl} (I) was obtained by reacting MoCl5 with EtNCS in dichloroethane. The hydrolysis of this complex gave single crystals of (NH3Et)[MoOCl4(H2O)] (II), which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystals of II consist of complex anions [MoVOCl4(H2O)]- and ethylammonium cations united by an extended network of interionic contacts N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O, and C-H⋯O. The bond lengths in the coordination octahedron MoO2Cl4: Mo=O(oxo), 1.67 Å; Mo-O(H2O)trans, 2,381 Å, and Mo-Clcis, 2.365 Å. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction data, the assignment of the frequencies in the IR spectra of II was performed. The results of the X-ray diffraction study and IR spectroscopy for I allowed us to conclude that the addition of ethyl isothiocyanate to pentachloromolybdenum(V) is stereospecific