Optimización del proceso de extracción de tocoferol de germen de trigo con dióxido de carbono líquido y supercrítico.

In this work the extraction of tocopherol from wheat germ by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. It has been analysed the operative conditions as well as the row material pre-treatment. At the optimum operating conditions, the yield of supercritical extraction is similar to the conventional extraction by hexano as solvent. So, this technique can be competitive respect of the conventional technique because the solvent removal by distillation is not necessary.En el presente trabajo se estudia la extracción de tocoferol a partir de germen de trigo utilizando dióxido de carbono líquido y supercrítico como disolvente. Las variables que intervienen en la extracción se han analizado tanto desde el punto de vista operativo como de adecuación de la materia prima. Los rendimientos obtenidos son muy similares a los encontrados en la extracción convencional utilizando hexano. Esta técnica, portante, puede resultar competitiva respecto a la convencional, ya que se evita tener que destilar el extracto para eliminar el disolvente

Exploring High Operating Conditions in the Ibuprofen Precipitation by RESS Processin

Se ha explorado la micronización del ibuprofeno mediante una rápida expansión del proceso de soluciones supercríticas (RESS) para una amplia gama de condiciones de funcionamiento, incluidas temperaturas por encima del punto de fusión del ibuprofeno. Morfologías, tamaños de partícula (PS) y distribuciones de tamaño de partícula (PSD) se han analizado mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido y la cristalinidad se ha evaluado mediante mediciones de difracción de rayos X. Los posibles cambios estructurales en el fármaco después del procesamiento de fluidos supercríticos fueron evaluados por espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier. También se han investigado los efectos de diferentes presiones (100 350 bar), temperaturas (308 353 K) y diámetros de boquilla (100 200 μm) sobre la precipitación de drogas. La morfología de las partículas precipitadas se mejoró en la mayoría de los casos en comparación con la materia prima, y el PS disminuyó. En general, las presiones más altas llevaron a tamaños de partícula más pequeños. Los tamaños de partícula más pequeños se obtuvieron a 318 y 333 K, y el polvo precipitado se obtuvo incluso a temperaturas por encima del punto de fusión del ibuprofeno. Un diámetro de boquilla más grande llevó a un tamaño de partícula más grande.Micronization of ibuprofen by a rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process has been explored for a wide range of operating conditions, including temperatures above the melting point of ibuprofen. Morphologies, particle sizes (PSs), and particle size distributions (PSDs) have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction measurements. Possible structural changes in the drug after supercritical fluid processing were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different pressures (100−350 bar), temperatures (308−353K), and nozzle diameters (100−200 μm) on the drug precipitation have also been investigated. The morphology of the precipitated particles was improved in the majority of cases in comparison to the raw material, and the PS decreased. In general, higher pressures led to smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle sizes were obtained at 318 and 333 K, and precipitated powder was obtained even at temperatures above the melting point of ibuprofen. A larger nozzle diameter led to a larger particle size

Energy Reconstruction of Electromagnetic Showers from π0 Decays with the ICARUS T600 Liquid Argon TPC

We discuss the ICARUS T600 detector capabilities in electromagnetic shower reconstruction through the analysis of a sample of 212 events, coming from the 2001 Pavia surface test run, of hadronic interactions leading to the production of π0 mesons. Methods of shower energy and shower direction measurements were developed and the invariant mass of the photon pairs was reconstructed. The (γ,γ) invariant mass was found to be consistent with the value of the π0 mass. The resolution of the reconstructed π0 mass was found to be equal to 27.3%. An improved analysis, carried out in order to clean the full event sample from the events measured in the crowded environment, mostly due to the trigger conditions, gave a π0 mass resolution of 16.1%, significantly better than the one evaluated for the full event sample. The trigger requirement of the coincidence of at least four photo-multiplier signals favored the selection of events with a strong pile up of cosmic ray tracks and interactions. Hence a number of candidate π0 events were heavily contaminated by other tracks and had to be rejected. Monte Carlo simulations of events with π0 production in hadronic and neutrino interactions confirmed the validity of the shower energy and shower direction reconstruction methods applied to the real data.We are glad of the financial and technical support of our funding agencies and in particular of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The Polish groups acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland, 105,160,620,621/E-344,E-340,E-77,E-78/SPB/ICARUS/ P-03/DZ211-214/2003-2008, 1P03B04130 and N N202 0299 33

Circadian rhythms in the efficacy of intravenous alteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke and middle cerebral artery occlusion

Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Ampelisca lusitanica (Crustacea: Amphipoda): new species for the Atlantic coast of Morocco

Background This study reports for the first time the presence of the Lusitanian ampeliscid amphipod Ampelisca lusitanica Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1986 in the northwestern Atlantic coast of Morocco. Methods Specimens were collected in January 2015 from intertidal rock pools along the El Jadida shoreline associated with the brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata and Sargassum muticum. Results Systematic description of the species is presented, as well as a discussion of its ecological and geographical distribution. Conclusion This new finding extends the geographical distribution from the Lusitanian (Europe) to the Mauritanian (Africa) region and increases knowledge of the ecology and the global distribution of A. lusitanica found, previously, only on Portuguese and Spanish coasts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Performance Of A Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Exposed To The WANF Neutrino Beam

We present the results of the first exposure of a Liquid Argon TPC to a multi-GeV neutrino beam. The data have been collected with a 50 liters ICARUS-like chamber located between the CHORUS and NOMAD experiments at the CERN West Area Neutrino Facility (WANF). We discuss both the instrumental performance of the detector and its capability to identify and reconstruct low multiplicity neutrino interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures. Submitted for publication to Physical Review

Measurement of Through-Going Particle Momentum By Means Of Multiple Scattering With The ICARUS T600 TPC

The ICARUS collaboration has demonstrated, following the operation of a 600 ton (T600) detector at shallow depth, that the technique based on liquid Argon TPCs is now mature. The study of rare events, not contemplated in the Standard Model, can greatly benefit from the use of this kind of detectors. In particular, a deeper understanding of atmospheric neutrino properties will be obtained thanks to the unprecedented quality of the data ICARUS provides. However if we concentrate on the T600 performance, most of the $\nu_\mu$ charged current sample will be partially contained, due to the reduced dimensions of the detector. In this article, we address the problem of how well we can determine the kinematics of events having partially contained tracks. The analysis of a large sample of atmospheric muons collected during the T600 test run demonstrate that, in case the recorded track is at least one meter long, the muon momentum can be reconstructed by an algorithm that measures the Multiple Coulomb Scattering along the particle's path. Moreover, we show that momentum resolution can be improved by a factor two using an algorithm based on the Kalman Filtering technique

Sex and gender differences in acute stroke care: metrics, access to treatment and outcome. A territorial analysis of the Stroke Code System of Catalonia

Introduction: Previous studies have reported differences in the management and outcome of women stroke patients in comparison with men. We aim to analyze sex and gender differences in the medical assistance, access to treatment and outcome of acute stroke patients in Catalonia. Patients and methods: Data were obtained from a prospective population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia (CICAT) from January/2016 to December/2019. The registry includes demographic data, stroke severity, stroke subtype, reperfusion therapy, and time workflow. Centralized clinical outcome at 90 days was assessed in patients receiving reperfusion therapy. Results: A total of 23,371 stroke code activations were registered (54% men, 46% women). No differences in prehospital time metrics were observed. Women more frequently had a final diagnosis of stroke mimic, were older and had a previous worse functional situation. Among ischemic stroke patients, women had higher stroke severity and more frequently presented proximal large vessel occlusion. Women received more frequently reperfusion therapy (48.2% vs 43.1%, p < 0.001). Women tended to present a worse outcome at 90 days, especially for the group receiving only IVT (good outcome 56.7% vs 63.8%; p < 0.001), but not for the group of patients treated with IVT + MT or MT alone, although sex was not independently associated with clinical outcome in logistic regression analysis (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94–1.23; p = 0.27) nor in the analysis after matching using the propensity score (OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.97–1.22). Discussion and conclusion: We found some differences by sex in that acute stroke was more frequent in older women and the stroke severity was higher. We found no differences in medical assistance times, access to reperfusion treatment and early complications. Worse clinical outcome at 90 days in women was conditioned by stroke severity and older age, but not by sex itself

Impact of COVID-19 infection on the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated whether stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality are different in patients with ischemic stroke with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study in Catalonia, Spain. Recruitment was consecutive from mid-March to mid-May 2020. Patients had an acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours and a previous modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 3. We collected demographic data, vascular risk factors, prior mRS score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, rate of reperfusion therapies, logistics, and metrics. Primary end point was functional outcome at 3 months. Favourable outcome was defined depending on the previous mRS score. Secondary outcome was mortality at 3 months. We performed mRS shift and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: We evaluated 701 patients (mean age 72.3±13.3 years, 60.5% men) and 91 (13%) had COVID-19 infection. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19 (8 [3–18] versus 6 [2–14], P=0.049). Proportion of patients with a favourable functional outcome was 33.7% in the COVID-19 and 47% in the non-COVID-19 group. However, after a multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection did not increase the probability of unfavourable functional outcome. Mortality rate was 39.3% among patients with COVID-19 and 16.1% in the non-COVID-19 group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection was a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.10–4.71]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ischemic stroke and COVID-19 infection have more severe strokes and a higher mortality than patients with stroke without COVID-19 infection. However, functional outcome is comparable in both groups