Optimal experimental design for cytogenetic dose-response calibration curves

Purpose: To introduce optimal experimental design techniques in the cytogenetic biological dosimetry practice. This includes the development of a new optimality criterion for the calibration of radiation doses. Materials and Methods: The most typical optimal design criterion and the one developed in this research are introduced and applied in an example from the litera- ture. In another example from the literature, a simulation study has been performed to compare the standard error of the dose estimation using different experimental designs. An RStudio project and a GitHub project have been developed to repro- duce these results. Results: In the paper it is observed that the application of optimal experimental design techniques can reduce the standard error of biodosimetric dose estimations. Conclusions: Optimal experimental design techniques jointly with practitioners re- quirements may be applied. This practice would not involve an additional laboratory work

An exact goodness-of-fit test based on the occupancy problems to study zero-inflation and zero-deflation in biological dosimetry data

The goal in biological dosimetry is to estimate the dose of radiation that a suspected irradiated individual has received. For that, the analysis of aberrations (most commonly dicentric chromosome aberrations) in scored cells is performed and dose response calibration curves are built. In whole body irradiation (WBI) with X- and gamma-rays, the number of aberrations in samples is properly described by the Poisson distribution, although in partial body irradiation (PBI) the excess of zeros provided by the non-irradiated cells leads, for instance, to the Zero-Inflated Poisson distribution. Different methods are used to analyse the dosimetry data taking into account the distribution of the sample. In order to test the Poisson distribution against the Zero-Inflated Poisson distribution, several asymptotic and exact methods have been proposed which are focused on the dispersion of the data. In this work, we suggest an exact test for the Poisson distribution focused on the zero-inflation of the data developed by Rao and Chakravarti (Some small sample tests of significance for a Poisson distribution. Biometrics 1956;12 : 264–82.), derived from the problems of occupancy. An approximation based on the standard Normal distribution is proposed in those cases where the computation of the exact test can be tedious. A Monte Carlo Simulation study was performed in order to estimate empirical confidence levels and powers of the exact test and other tests proposed in the literature. Different examples of applications based on in vitro data and also data recorded in several radiation accidents are presented and discussed. A Shiny application which computes the exact test and other interesting goodness-of-fit tests for the Poisson distribution is presented in order to provide them to all interested researchers

Optimal experimental design for cytogenetic dose-response calibration curves

Purpose: To introduce optimal experimental design techniques in the cytogenetic biological dosimetry practice. This includes the development of a new optimatility criterion for the calibration of radiation doses. Materials and Methods: The most typical optimal design criterion and the one developed in this research are introduced and applied in an example from the litera- ture. In another example from the literature, a simulation study has been performed to compare the standard error of the dose estimation using di erent experimental designs. An RStudio project and a GitHub project have been developed to repro- duce these results. Results: It is appreciated how the application of optimal experimental design tech- niques can reduce the standard error of biodosimetric dose estimations. Conclusions: Optimal experimental design techniques jointly with practitioners re- quirements may be applied. This practice would not involve an additional laboratory work

Monotonicity conditions for multirate and partitioned explicit Runge-Kutta schemes

Multirate schemes for conservation laws or convection-dominated problems seem to come in two ¿avors: schemes that are locally inconsistent, and schemes that lack mass-conservation. In this paper these two defects are discussed for one-dimensional conservation laws. Particular attention will be given to monotonicity properties of the multirate schemes, such as maximum principles and the total variation diminishing (TVD) property. The study of these properties will be done within the framework of partitioned Runge-Kutta methods. It will also be seen that the incompatibility of consistency and mass-conservation holds for ‘genuine’ multirate schemes, but not for general partitioned methods

Design and characterization of refractive secondary optical elements for a point-focus Fresnel lens-based high CPV system

This is the final version of the article. Available from AIP Publishing via the DOI in this record.Point-focus Fresnel lens-based High Concentrator Photovoltaic (HCPV) systems are usually equipped with refractive secondary optical elements (SOE) in order to improve their performance. Two basic SOE designs are optically modeled and simulated in this work: Domed-Kaleidoscope (D-K) with breaking-symmetry top and SILO (SIngle-Lens-Optical element). Wavelength-dependent optical material properties like refractive index and absorption coefficient, as well as the spectral response of a typical triple-junction (TJ) solar cell, are included in the ray tracing simulations. Moreover, using a CPV Solar Simulator "Helios 3198", both HCPV units are experimentally characterized. The acceptance angle characteristics of both HCPV units, obtained through optical simulations and through indoor characterization, are compared. The acceptance angle characteristic is better for the HCPV unit with the D-K SOE both in simulations and in experimental measurements, showing concordance between simulation and experiment. However, simulation results underestimate the experimental ones concerning the acceptance angle, which will be investigated in future works.European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Spanish Economy Ministry (ENE2013-45242-R and ENE2016-78251-R); Universidad de Jaén (UJA) and Caja Rural de Jaén (UJA2015/07/01). Financial support provided by the Universidad de Jaén Doctoral School. The authors also thank Lambda Research Corporation for its donation of TracePro optical software

Factores asociados al pronóstico y supervivencia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide aguda del hospital nacional dos de mayo período 2014 a 2016: Factors associated with prognosis and survival in hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia at the hospital nacional dos de mayo period 2014 to 2016

Introduction:Survival in patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) can be affected by various clinical, cytogenetic and immunophenotypic factors.Objective:To determine the characteristics of the CCU cancer screening in 08 health facilities (EESS) of Metropolitan Lima, the headquarters of the Medical Board of the FAMURP in 2017.Methods:An observational, transversal, retrospective and analytical study was carried out, based on the review of storiesClinics of all adult patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, diagnosed in April 2014 to December 2016 and followed up to determine its final outcome at 2 years, associating it with the presence of mortality conditions factors. The final sample was 39 patients.Results:Of the 39 patients, 16 (41%) were older than 60 years, 23 (59%) were younger than 60 years, 13 of the patients (33%) had a Leukocyte count greater than 50,000 at diagnosis and 26 (77%). ) presented a figure of less than 50,000. 33 patients presented a Novo Leukemia (84%) and 6 (16%) presented a Leukemia secondary to a Dysplastic Myel Syndrome or some previous history of chemotherapy. Data were not obtained for all patients according to the British American British classification (FAB), Immunophenotype and Karyotype. Survival was evaluated in 3 times, at 6 months, at one year and at 2 years from the date of diagnosis, while at 6 months the overall survival of the 39 patients had been 69% (25), at 49 % (18) and at 2 years remained in the same range. Survival at 1 year and 2 years after diagnosis was obtained with the same Odds Ratio (OR) of 4.5 for the variable Leukocytes at diagnosis greater than 50 000 (95% CI: 1,008 - 20,507), considering it as a risk factor for mortality. In the survival analysis of the same variable mentioned with one year survival and two years survival was significantly lower in the group of patients with leukocytes at diagnosis greater than 50,000.Conclusion:In our study population, statistical significance was found when evaluating the Leukocyte variable at diagnosis greater than 50,000, finding it as a factor associated with 2-year mortality, with a significantly greater survival than the group of patients with Leukocytes at diagnosis less than 50. 000.   DOI:  10.25176/RFMH.v19.n1.1789Introduccion: La supervivencia en pacientes con diagnóstico de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda (LMA) se puede ver afectada por diversos factores clínicos, citogenéticos e inmunofenotípicos. Objetivo: Determinar las características del tamizaje para cáncer CCU en 08 establecimientos de salud (EESS) de Lima Metropolitana sedes del Internado Médico de la FAMURP en el 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico, basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de Leucemia Mieloide Aguda, diagnosticados en Abril del 2014 a diciembre de 2016 y se realizó un seguimiento para determinar su desenlace final a 2 años asociándolo a la presencia de factores condiciones de mortalidad. La muestra final fue de 39 pacientes. Resultados: De los 39 pacientes 16 (41%) fueron mayores de 60 años, 23 (59%) fueron menores de 60 años, 13 de los pacientes (33%) presentaron una cifra de Leucocitos mayor a 50 000 al diagnóstico y 26 (77%) presentaron una cifra menor a 50 000. 33 pacientes presentaron una Leucemia de Novo (84%) y 6 (16%) presentaron una Leucemia secundaria a un Síndrome Mielo Displásico o algún antecedente de quimioterapia previa. No se obtuvo datos de todos los pacientes según clasificación Franco Americano Británica (FAB), Inmunofenotipo y Cariotipo. La supervivencia se evaluó en 3 tiempos, a los 6 meses, al año y a los 2 años desde la fecha del diagnóstico, teniendo que a los 6 meses la sobrevida global de los 39 pacientes había sido el 69 % (25), al año 49% (18) y a los 2 años se mantuvo en el mismo rango. La supervivencia al año y 2 años del diagnóstico se obtuvo el mismo Odds Ratio (OR) de 4.5 para la variable Leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000 (IC 95%: 1.008 – 20.507), considerándola como un factor de riesgo para mortalidad. En el análisis de supervivencia de la misma variable mencionada con la supervivencia al año y dos años que la supervivencia fue significativamente menor en el grupo de pacientes con leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000. Conclusión: En nuestra población de estudio se encontró significancia estadística al momento de evaluar la variable Leucocitos al diagnóstico mayor a 50 000 encontrándola como factor asociado a la mortalidad a 2 años, con una supervivencia significativamente mayor que el grupo de pacientes con Leucocitos al diagnóstico menor a 50 000.   DOI:  10.25176/RFMH.v19.n1.178

Using Large Language Models for Interpreting Autonomous Robots Behaviors

The deployment of autonomous robots in various domains has raised significant concerns about their trustworthiness and accountability. This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in analyzing ROS 2 logs generated by autonomous robots and proposes a framework for log analysis that categorizes log files into different aspects. The study evaluates the performance of three different language models in answering questions related to StartUp, Warning, and PDDL logs. The results suggest that GPT 4, a transformer-based model, outperforms other models, however, their verbosity is not enough to answer why or how questions for all kinds of actors involved in the interaction