A Ubiquitous Learning Model for Education and Training Processes Supported by TV Everywhere Platforms

Advances in technology and digital convergence, for example Netflix, enable users to view TV and video without time or place restrictions. These advances can be applied in education and training processes to enable ubiquitous learning (u-learning). However, a literature review (of the years 2002 to 2018) on u-learning models yielded scarce information about its implementation, specifically demonstrating a lack of application alternatives that could provide access to TV regardless of place and device. To contribute to this and other challenges in education, the objective of this study is to propose a reference model for u-learning implementation involving cloud-supported TV/video platforms. The model was validated in a university context by a group of experts and applied through a prototype in a real setting with students, and it showed favourable results and improvement in student performance

O direito fundamental à saúde e a politica de acesso ao sistema uma mirada desde a Lei Estatutária 1751 do ano 2015

The Congress of the Republic, in 2015, promulgated the Statutory Law 1751, by means of which the fundamental right to health is enshrined, giving guidelines to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to make significant reforms to the general social security system in health. These include the elimination of the difference between the Compulsory Health Plan (POS), both contributory and subsidized, and the creation of a National Pharmacological Policy, generating concerns about possible disturbances regarding access to medication and the health system. This paper investigates the normative background of this law, as well as the most relevant concepts of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, embodied in some of its judgments, highlighting the T-760 of 2008, which is the central axis of the consecration of health as an autonomous fundamental right. All the above seeks to answer the question whether it really was necessary for Congress to issue a Statutory Law proclaiming the fundamental right to health.El Congreso de la República, en el año 2015, promulgó la Ley Estatutaria 1751, por medio de la cual se consagra el derecho fundamental a la salud, dando lineamientos al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social para realizar reformas significativas al sistema general de seguridad social en salud. Entre ellas se destacan la eliminación de la diferencia entre el Plan Obligatorio de Salud (POS), tanto contributivo como subsidiado, y la creación de una política nacional farmacológica, generando preocupaciones por posibles perturbaciones respecto al acceso a la medicación y al sistema de salud. Este trabajo indaga por los antecedentes normativos de dicha ley, al igual que por los conceptos más relevantes de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, plasmados en algunas de sus sentencias, resaltando la T-760 del 2008, la cual es el eje central de la consagración de la salud como un derecho fundamental autónomo. Todo lo anterior busca responder a la pregunta de si realmente era necesario que el Congreso expidiera una Ley Estatutaria proclamando el derecho fundamental a la salud.Le Congrès de la République, dans l'année 2015, a promulgué la Loi Statutaire 1751, qui consacre le droit fondamental á la santé, en donnant directives á Ministère de la Santé et protection social pour faire réformes significatifs à système général de la sécurité sociale dans santé. Entre elles excellent l'élimination de la différence entre le Plan Obligatoire de la Santé (POS), tellement contributif comme subventionné, et la création d'une politique Nationale pharmacologique, en générant Préoccupations pour possibles perturbations pour l'accès á médication et á système de la santé. Cette travaille renseigne pour les antécédents normatifs de cette loi, même que pour les concepts plus importants de la Jurisprudence du Cour Constitutionnelle, stipulé dans quelque de ses sentences, en soulignant la T-760 du 2008, qui est l'axe principal de la consécration de la santé comme un droit fondamental autonome. Ce qui précède cherche répondre la question si vraiment il a été nécessaire que le Congrès émît une loi Statutaire en proclamant le droit fondamentale á la santé.O Congresso da República no ano 2015 promulgou a Lei Estatutária 1751, por médio da qual se consagra o direito fundamental à saúde, dando alinhamentos, ao Ministério de Saúde e Protecção Social para realizar reformas significativas ao sistema geral de segurança social em saúde dentro das quais se destacam a eliminação da diferença entre o Plano Obrigatório de Saúde (POS) tanto contributivo como subsidiado bem como a criação de uma política Nacional Farmacológica, entre outras disposições, gerando preocupação por possíveis perturbações respeito do acesso a uma à medicação e o sistema de saúde. Este trabalho indaga pelos antecedentes normativos de dita Lei, ao igual que os conceitos mais relevantes da jurisprudência do Corte Constitucional plasmadas em algumas de suas sentenças, realçando sentencia-a T-760 do 2008 a qual é o eixo central da consagração da saúde como um direito fundamental autónomo tudo isto procurando responder à pergunta de se realmente era necessário que o Congresso emitisse uma Leis Estatutária proclamando o direito fundamental à saúde

Diabetes mellitus en COVID-19: ¿factor de riesgo o factor pronóstico?

Antecedentes y propósito: la diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles de mayor prevalencia en el mundo. La frecuencia con la que se reporta en los pacientes con COVID-19 es alta. Sin embargo, no es claro si las personas que padecen diabetes mellitus tienen un mayor riesgo de infección o, si una vez infectados, tienen un peor pronóstico. Nuestro propósito fue revisar y analizar la información disponible de COVID-19 y diabetes mellitus e intentar entender mejor el riesgo al que están expuestas las personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, Scopus y Epistemonikos en búsqueda de registros nacionales epidemiológicos y revisiones sistemáticas, utilizando los términos “Diabetes Mellitus” “COVID-19”, “Factores de riesgo”, “Pronostico”, “Cuidado Critico”, “Insuficiencia Respiratoria” y “Muerte”. Se seleccionaron para análisis las revisiones sistemáticas de las comorbilidades en pacientes con COVID-19, las que analizaban el curso de la enfermedad y los factores pronósticos en pacientes con COVID-19 y aquellas que incluían modelos de pronóstico. Resultados: la información disponible sugiere que la diabetes mellitus es una comorbilidad frecuente en las personas con COVID-19, pero es difícil diferenciar si esto es debido a la alta prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus o a un riesgo más alto de infección. Las personas con diabetes mellitus parecieran tener un riesgo más alto de presentar una forma grave o de morir a causa de la COVID-19

Manejo ambulatorio del paciente con diabetes en tiempos de COVID-19

El tratamiento ambulatorio de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) ofrece retos interesantes en el contexto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), que exigen un análisis individual de la diabetes. Es a lugar discutir elementos del tratamiento ambulatorio: desde implementación de modelos específicos, recomendaciones de cambios en el estilo de vida, orientación en comorbilidades, identificación de factores de riesgo adicionales, hasta sugerencias en cada uno de los grupos farmacológicos que acá competen. Todo lo anterior con el propósito de brindar el mejor soporte a los pacientes en el panorama no hospitalario

Incidencia de la impregnación de madera con alcohol polivinilico y polietilenglicol en algunas propiedades físicas y mecánicas de pino oocarpa

This research was performed with Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. Var. Ochoterenai of Forest Plantation of Colombia, which presents some important troubles that limiting its use, due to its low dimensional stability and mechanical resistance.  Polymer impregnation treatments could reduce deformation and improve physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The aim of this research was evaluated the effect of polyethylene glycol impregnation with molecular weight 600 and 1500, polyvinyl alcohol and zeolite addition, on density, dimensional stability, static flexion and compression parallel to Grain. The samples were impregnated in hot bath at 95 °C for 8 hours, and then impregnated at room temperature for 16 hours. The assessment of the wood was carried out under the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290, 663, 784 and other standards. The best results were obtained with the impregnation of polyethylene glycol 1500 where the density increased between 21 % and 24 %; the anti-swelling efficiency was 60 %; in static flexion the modulus rupture increased 20 %, modulus of elasticity 39 % and compression parallel to grain increased 8 %.  Wood changed to the structural lumber category, improving in its mechanical and physical properties.  Treatment with polyethylene glycol 600 provided lower anti-swelling efficiency (14%), and lower improvement in density (8%), and in mechanical properties (1% to 7%)

Sediment analysis using a structured programming approach

Este artículo presenta un algoritmo diseñado para el análisis de una muestra sedimentaria de material no consolidado, pretende establecer en muy poco tiempo las principales características que se presentan en el sedimento, de esta manera clasificarlas rápida y eficazmente. Para lo anterior se requiere ingresar el peso de cada tamaño de partículas en el programa, y utilizando el método de los Momentos, que se basa en cuatro ecuaciones que representan el promedio, la desviación estándar, el Skewness y la Kurtosis, se hallan las particularidades de la muestra en muy pocos segundos. Con el programa, estos cálculos se realizan de una manera efectiva y mucho más precisa, obteniendo además las explicaciones de los resultados de las características como el tamaño del grano, la selección, la simetría y la procedencia, lo cual ayuda a la perfección del estudio de los sedimentos y en general de las rocas sedimentarias.This paper presents an algorithm designed for the analysis of a sedimentary sample of unconsolidated material and seeks to identify very quickly the main features that occur in a sediment and thus classify them fast and efficiently. For this purpose, it requires that the weight of each particle size to be entered in the program and using the method of Moments, which is based on four equations representing the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis, is found the attributes of the sample in few seconds. With the program these calculations are performed in an effective and more accurately way, obtaining also the explanations of the results of the features such as grain size, sorting, symmetry and origin, which helps to improve the study of sediments and in general the study of sedimentary rocks

Teaching and learning analytics applied to programming courses

La enseñanza de la programación requiere del desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas de alto orden, lo que exige un gran esfuerzo por parte de estudiantes y profesores. Las altas tasas de fracaso académico indican que es necesario tomar medidas para revertir esta situación. La analítica de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje proporciona métodos, procesos y técnicas que permiten mejorar la calidad del proceso educativo. La investigación presenta una revisión sistemática de estudios en los que se aplican técnicas, métodos o procesos de análisis de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en cursos de programación inicial en el contexto de la educación superior. El objetivo principal es identificar las principales perspectivas y tendencias en la analítica de enseñanza y aprendizaje aplicada a la programación y posibles temas de investigaciónTeaching programming requires the development of high-order cognitive skills, which demands a great effort from students and teachers. The high rates of academic failure indicate that it is necessary to take action to reverse this situation. Teaching and Learning Analytics provide methods, processes, and techniques that allow improve the quality of education process. The research presents a systematic review of studies in which techniques, methods or processes of teaching and learning analysis are applied in initial programming courses in the context of higher education. The main purpose is to identify the main perspectives and trends in teaching and learning analytics applied to programming and potential research topic

Direct Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction and Glycocalyx Loss in Dermal Biopsies of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Association With Markers of Volume Overload

Cardiovascular morbidity is a major problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in its development. The luminal side of the vascular endothelium is covered by a protective endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and indirect evidence indicates eGC loss in CKD patients. We aimed to investigate potential eGC loss and ED in skin biopsies of CKD patients and their association with inflammation and volume overload. During living kidney transplantation procedure, abdominal skin biopsies were taken from 11 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 of whom 4 were treated with hemodialysis and 7 did not receive dialysis treatment. Nine healthy kidney donors served as controls. Biopsies were stained and quantified for the eGC marker Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA1) and the endothelial markers vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGFR2) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after double staining and normalization for the pan-endothelial marker cluster of differentiation 31. We also studied associations between quantified log-transformed dermal endothelial markers and plasma markers of inflammation and hydration status. Compared to healthy subjects, there was severe loss of the eGC marker UEA1 (P < 0.01) while VEGFR2 was increased in CKD patients, especially in those on dialysis (P = 0.01). For vWF, results were comparable between CKD patients and controls. Skin water content was identical in the three groups, which excluded dermal edema as an underlying cause in patients with CKD. The dermal eGC/ED markers UEA1, VEGFR2, and vWF all associated with plasma levels of NT-proBNP and sodium (all R2 > 0.29 and P < 0.01), except for vWF that only associated with plasma NT-proBNP. This study is the first to show direct histopathological evidence of dermal glycocalyx loss and ED in patients with CKD. In line with previous research, our results show that ED associates with markers of volume overload arguing for strict volume control in CKD patients

Cárie dental e higiene bucal em crianças da zona rural do município de Jericó, Antioquia, 2013

Introduction: The objectives of this research were to determine the prevalence and experience of dental caries among school children in the rural area of the municipality of Jericó (Antioquia) and to analyze oral hygiene conditions in the study population. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on information from 534 clinical records of people between the ages of 6 and 22, with mixed and/or permanent dentitions located in the study area. We analyzed Socio-demographic, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (ihos from the Spanish acronym), prevalence and experience of dental cavities in permanent dentition using the traditional and modified dmtf Index (dmtfT - dmtfM) and the Significant Caries Index (sic). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted and a Chi square test was performed to observe statistically significant differences between the variables. Results: the prevalence of dental caries including non-cavitated lesions is 39% among both genders; dental caries had been experienced by 47% of the men and 46% of the women. Taking into account the sic, the mean is 2.70 when based on the dtmfT and 4.36 on the dtmfM. These indicators are lower in women (2.56 and 3.36, respectively). The mean for the ihos is lower among women (1.25 95%ci 1.18-1.32), with statistically significant differences compared to men (p< 0.001). Differences in frequencies were observed in the dental caries and oral hygiene indicators according to age and level of education. Conclusion: Although the indicators are in accordance with international goals, inequalities were found among certain population groups.Introducción: los objetivos de esta investigación fueron determinar la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental en la población escolar rural del municipio de Jericó (Antioquia) y analizar las condiciones de higiene bucal de la población de estudio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con la información de 534 historias clínicas de personas entre los 6 y 22 años, con dentición mixta o permanente del área de estudio. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (ihos), prevalencia y experiencia con caries dental en dentición permanente mediante el índice cop tradicional y modificado (copdT y copdM) y el Índice de Caries Significativo (sic). Análisis uni y bivariado y cálculo de Chi2 para observar diferencias significativas entre las variables. Resultados: la prevalencia de caries dental en ambos sexos, incluyendo lesiones no cavitacionales, es del 39%, y la experiencia con caries es del 47% en hombres y el 46% en mujeres. Teniendo en cuenta el sic, el promedio en hombres es de 2,70 cuando se calcula a partir del copdT y del 4,36 para el caso del copdM. Estos indicadores son menores en mujeres (2,56 y 3,36, respectivamente). En cuanto al ihos, el promedio es mucho menor en mujeres (1,25 ic95% 1,18-1,32) y con diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto a los hombres (p < 0,001). Se presentan diferencias en los indicadores de caries dental e higiene bucal, según escolaridad y edad. Conclusión: si bien los indicadores están de acuerdo con las metas internacionales, se encuentran algunos grupos poblacionales en situación de desigualdad.  Introdução: os objetivos desta pesquisa foram determinar a prevalência e experiência de cárie dental na população escolar rural do município de Jericó (Antioquia) e analisar as condições de higiene bucal da população de estudo. Métodos: estudo descritivo com a informação de 534 prontuários de pessoas entre 6 e 22 anos, com dentição mista e/ou permanente da área de estudo. Analisaram-se variáveis sociodemo-gráficas, Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (ihos), prevalência e ex-periência com cárie dental em dentição permanente mediante o índice cop tradicional e modificado (copdT e copdM) e o Índice de Cárie Sig-nificativo (sic). Análises uni e bivariada e cálculo de Chi2 para observar diferenças significativas entre as variáveis. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie dental em ambos os sexos, o que inclui lesões não cavitacionais, é de 39%, e a experiência com cáries é de 47% em homens e 46% em mulheres. Ao considerar o sic, a média em homens é de 2,70 quando se calcula a partir do copdT e de 4,36 para o caso do copdM. Esses indica-dores são menores nas mulheres (2,56 e 3,36, respectivamente). Quanto ao ihos, a média é muito menor em mulheres (1,25 ic95% 1,18-1,32) e com diferenças estatisticamente significativas com relação aos homens (p < 0,001). Apresentam-se diferenças nos indicadores de cárie dental e higiene bucal segundo a escolaridade e a idade. Conclusão: embora os indicadores estejam de acordo com as metas internacionais, constatam-se alguns grupos populacionais em situação de desigualdade

Identifiability of Control-Oriented Glucose-Insulin Linear Models: Review and Analysis

One of the main challenges of glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes is identifying a control-oriented model that reliably predicts the behavior of glycemia. Here, a review is provided emphasizing the structural identifiability and observability properties, which surprisingly reveals that few of them are globally identifiable and observable at the same time. Thus, a general proposal was developed to encompass four linear models according to suitable assumptions and transformations. After the corresponding structural properties analysis, two minimal model structures are generated, which are globally identifiable and observable. Then, the practical identifiability is analyzed for this application showing that the standard collected data in many cases do not have the necessary quality to ensure a unique solution in the identification process even when a considerable amount of data is collected. The two minimal control-oriented models were identified using a standard identification procedure using data from 30 virtual patients of the UVA/Padova simulator and 77 diabetes care data from adult patients of a diabetes center. The identification was performed in two stages: calibration and validation. In the first stage, the average length was taken as two days (dictated by the practical identifiability). For both structures, the mean absolute error was 16.8 mg/dl and 9.9 mg/dl for virtual patients and 21.6 mg/dl and 21.5 mg/dl for real patients. For the second stage, a one-day validation window was considered long enough for future artificial pancreas applications. The mean absolute error was 23.9 mg/dl and 12.3 mg/dl for virtual patients and 39.2 mg/dl and 36.6 mg/dl for virtual and real patients. These results confirm that linear models can be used as prediction models in model-based control strategies as predictive control.Fil: Hoyos, J. D.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Medellín; ColombiaFil: Villa Tamayo, M. F.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Medellín; ColombiaFil: Builes Montano, C. E.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Ramirez Rincon, A.. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; ColombiaFil: Godoy, José Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Tirado, J.. University of Virginia; Estados UnidosFil: Rivadeneira Paz, Pablo Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin