METODOLOGÍAS DE ANÁLISIS AMBIENTAL Y VALORACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS DE LA MINERÍA EN EL ENTORNO GLOBAL

Es innegable que la minería tiene un efecto significativo en el medio en el que se asienta. La minerígeneradora de desechos, en diversas etapas de sus procesos, emite e impacta al medio físico, causando efectos fácilmente identificables en los sitios en los que se asienta, sin embargo, los efectos a nivel global pueden analizarse desde una forma conceptual englobados en 7 grandes temas: Grandes volúmenes de desecho, Planificacción del cierre de minas, Legados de la minería, manejo ambiental. Uso de energía en el sector de los minerales, Manejo ambiental de los metales, Amenazas a la diversidad biológica. Por ello se hace necesaria la utilización de las herramientas metodológicas de valoración ambiental aplicadas a la minería, debido a que este Sector industrial frecuentemente es tachado de “depredador del medio ambiente”, la mayoría de las veces sin razón, o al menos sin un análisis serio de los impactos y efectos que está generando al medio físico. El uso de estas herramientas proporcionará una visión al empresario consciente, de las medidas aplicables al proceso para disminuir dichos efectos

Deep Learning for Fatigue Estimation on the Basis of Multimodal Human-Machine Interactions

The new method is proposed to monitor the level of current physical load and accumulated fatigue by several objective and subjective characteristics. It was applied to the dataset targeted to estimate the physical load and fatigue by several statistical and machine learning methods. The data from peripheral sensors (accelerometer, GPS, gyroscope, magnetometer) and brain-computing interface (electroencephalography) were collected, integrated, and analyzed by several statistical and machine learning methods (moment analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, etc.). The hypothesis 1 was presented and proved that physical activity can be classified not only by objective parameters, but by subjective parameters also. The hypothesis 2 (experienced physical load and subsequent restoration as fatigue level can be estimated quantitatively and distinctive patterns can be recognized) was presented and some ways to prove it were demonstrated. Several "physical load" and "fatigue" metrics were proposed. The results presented allow to extend application of the machine learning methods for characterization of complex human activity patterns (for example, to estimate their actual physical load and fatigue, and give cautions and advice).Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; presented at XXIX IUPAP Conference in Computational Physics (CCP2017) July 9-13, 2017, Paris, University Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne (https://ccp2017.sciencesconf.org/program

Notas para la interpretación de la utilidad de los análisis para hongos fitopatógenos en suelos y sustratos para usos agrícolas

Interpretación de la utilidad de los análisis para hongos fitopatógenos en suelos y sustratos para usos agrícola

Recent increase in tree damage and mortality and their spatial dependence on drought intensity in Mediterranean forests

Resumen de la comunicación oral presentada en XVI Congreso Nacional de la AEET, 16 al 20 de octubre de 2023, Universidad de AlmeríaLand-use and climate change are leading to more frequent and intense tree damage and mortality events. Drought-induced tree mortality is occurring worldwide leading to broad-scale events, but the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality, their underlying drivers and their variation over time is largely unknown. We investigated the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality across Mediterranean forests of the Iberian Peninsula, the underlying effects of competition and climate, and how the spatial patterns and relationships with underlying drivers changed over time. We used the Spanish Forest Inventory to analyse the autocorrelation in tree damage and mortality across forest types, hurdle-gamma models to quantify the effect of competition and climate on tree damage and mortality, and cross-correlograms to assess their spatial dependence and its change over time. We observed a greater magnitude and a stronger autocorrelation in tree damage than mortality, with positive aggregation up to 20 kilometres. There was a spatial dependence between tree damage and mortality with their drivers, with spatial aggregation increasing with water availability, drought intensity and competition. The spatial dependence of tree damage and mortality with the underlying drivers increased over time, particularly for drought intensity. Our results suggest that the combined effect of intense competition and drought could favour more extensive die-off and tree mortality events, providing key information for identifying vulnerable areas and the planning of adaptation measures

Una Técnica para diagnóstico de la sanidad de suelos y sustratos agrícolas; Fitopatometría

En un artículo anterior, publicado por Terralia, se puso de manifiesto la complejidad y dificultades de las técnicas clásicas de análisis de suelos para conocer su estado sanitario. En dicho trabajo se presentaba la complejidad que entraña analizar todos los posibles microorganismos fitopatógenos que viven en el suelo: hongos, bacterias, virus, etc. Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer una técnica que simplifica, considerablemente, los trabajos de diagnóstico, integrando, dentro de lo posible, todos los factores que intervienen en la expresión de una enfermedad de origen edáfico (figura 1). Por ejemplo en el potencial infeccioso de un suelo aparecen como factores determinantes los siguientes: densidad de inóculo patógeno en el suelo, capacidad infecciosa del inóculo patógeno y ambiente suelo

Photoreceptors UVR8 and phytochrome B cooperate to optimize plant growth and defense in patchy canopies

Light is a critical source of information for plants. Plants use the phytochromes (particularly phyB) to detect light signals associated with the proximity of competitors. A low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) radiation (R:FR) indicates increased competition intensity, and triggers morphological responses that allow the plant to escape shading from its neighbors (the shade avoidance syndrome, SAS). Recent evidence from studies on light regulation of plant immunity has suggested that plants may also use ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 290-315 nm) radiation as an indicator of competition intensity and light availability. In addition, recent studies have shown that UV-B radiation can strongly repress SAS responses triggered by low R:FR ratios. Ambient UV-B radiation causes damaging effects on plants, such as DNA damage, and also induces adaptive photomorphogenic responses acting through a specific UV-B photoreceptor (UVR8). Therefore, the possibility exists that plants integrate information perceived by phyB and UVR8 to make decisions about growth and defense when faced with a complex light environment, such as the one that characterizes vegetation canopies. In this Letter, we address this possibility and discuss how the interplay between UV-B and R:FR signaling fine tunes plant growth and defense to optimize resource utilization in patchy canopy environments.Fil: Mazza, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Ballare, Carlos Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Quantifying the impact of mergers on the angular momentum of simulated galaxies.

We use EAGLE to quantify the effect galaxy mergers have on the stellar specific angular momentum of galaxies, jstars. We split mergers into dry (gas-poor)/wet (gas-rich), major/minor and different spin alignments and orbital parameters. Wet (dry) mergers have an average neutral gas-to-stellar mass ratio of 1.1 (0.02), while major (minor) mergers are those with stellar mass ratios ≥0.3 (0.1–0.3). We correlate the positions of galaxies in the jstars–stellar mass plane at z = 0 with their merger history, and find that galaxies of low spins suffered dry mergers, while galaxies of normal/high spins suffered predominantly wet mergers, if any. The radial jstars profiles of galaxies that went through dry mergers are deficient by ≈0.3 dex at r ≲ 10 r50 (with r50 being the half-stellar mass radius), compared to galaxies that went through wet mergers. Studying the merger remnants reveals that dry mergers reduce jstars by ≈30 per cent, while wet mergers increase it by ≈10 per cent, on average. The latter is connected to the build-up of the bulge by newly formed stars of high rotational speed. Moving from minor to major mergers accentuates these effects. When the spin vectors of the galaxies prior to the dry merger are misaligned, jstars decreases by a greater magnitude, while in wet mergers corotation and high orbital angular momentum efficiently spun-up galaxies. We predict what would be the observational signatures in the jstars profiles driven by dry mergers: (i) shallow radial profiles and (ii) profiles that rise beyond ≈10 r50, both of which are significantly different from spiral galaxies