Everything and nothing: A critical review of the “social” in Innovation and Entrepreneurship studies

Over the past two decades we have witnessed growing academic and policy interest in phenomena such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship. In these instances, the “social” element has often been described as a new or rediscovered category, indicating a normative predisposition to “elevate” existing or emerging innovation and entrepreneurship processes by identifying and promoting socially-acceptable standards of behavior and goal-setting. While previous reviews on social innovation have focused on the historical development of the concept and its role in academic debate, this article critically reviews the place of the “social” in current mainstream Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) studies. The aim is to understand how this literature has been evolving in relation to this element and to what extent this addition has promoted a radical shift in the research direction. Our review, based on selected articles from 16 I&E mainstream journals, advances a novel classification of the dominant approaches to the social dimension in I&E studies, identifying four main categories: disciplinary, integrationist, separationist, and essentialist. What emerges is that most I&E studies ignore, minimize, or compartmentalize the “social”, using it to extend existing frameworks rather than to evolve them. Indeed, while the “social” has been offering an avenue for critical views to challenge mainstream discourse, at present it does not seem to significantly affect the latter’s evolution

Everything and nothing: A critical review of the “social” in Innovation and Entrepreneurship studies

Over the past two decades we have witnessed growing academic and policy interest in phenomena such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship. In these instances, the “social” element has often been described as a new or rediscovered category, indicating a normative predisposition to “elevate” existing or emerging innovation and entrepreneurship processes by identifying and promoting socially-acceptable standards of behavior and goal-setting. While previous reviews on social innovation have focused on the historical development of the concept and its role in academic debate, this article critically reviews the place of the “social” in current mainstream Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) studies. The aim is to understand how this literature has been evolving in relation to this element and to what extent this addition has promoted a radical shift in the research direction. Our review, based on selected articles from 16 I&E mainstream journals, advances a novel classification of the dominant approaches to the social dimension in I&E studies, identifying four main categories: disciplinary, integrationist, separationist, and essentialist. What emerges is that most I&E studies ignore, minimize, or compartmentalize the “social”, using it to extend existing frameworks rather than to evolve them. Indeed, while the “social” has been offering an avenue for critical views to challenge mainstream discourse, at present it does not seem to significantly affect the latter’s evolution.Over the past two decades we have witnessed growing academic and policy interest in phenomena such as social innovation and social entrepreneurship. In these instances, the “social” element has often been described as a new or rediscovered category, indicating a normative predisposition to “elevate” existing or emerging innovation and entrepreneurship processes by identifying and promoting socially-acceptable standards of behavior and goal-setting. While previous reviews on social innovation have focused on the historical development of the concept and its role in academic debate, this article critically reviews the place of the “social” in current mainstream Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) studies. The aim is to understand how this literature has been evolving in relation to this element and to what extent this addition has promoted a radical shift in the research direction. Our review, based on selected articles from 16 I&E mainstream journals, advances a novel classification of the dominant approaches to the social dimension in I&E studies, identifying four main categories: disciplinary, integrationist, separationist, and essentialist. What emerges is that most I&E studies ignore, minimize, or compartmentalize the “social”, using it to extend existing frameworks rather than to evolve them. Indeed, while the “social” has been offering an avenue for critical views to challenge mainstream discourse, at present it does not seem to significantly affect the latter’s evolution

Robots vs animals: Learning from the ingenuity of nature. Final summary report

‘Robots vs Animals’ was a creative collaboration between engineers and zoologists, exploring the ingenuity of both nature and humankind. The project was organised and managed by the Science Communication Unit at the University of the West of England, Bristol (UWE), and funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering Ingenious Awards. The project communicated the stories of the engineering design process taken by Bristol Robotics Laboratory (BRL) engineers to create biologically inspired robots. Interactive sessions at Bristol Zoo Gardens and other public venues and events featured engineers and zoologists explaining and demonstrating the skills and processes of their respective charges

Comparing Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer Impact on the Soil-Plant-Water System in A Succession of Three Crops

In the belief that the investigation of the whole system helps to avoid the risk of incomplete or misleading responses resulting from the analysis of the single segments, a research was conducted in a succession of three crops (lettuce, red chicory and celery) to investigate  in an integrated approach the different response of the soil-plant-water system to mineral and organic nitrogen fertilization. The experimental plan included the application of two amounts of fertilizer, corresponding to 240 and 360 kg ha-1 N under mineral or organic form per crop cycle, plus a control, in three replications.Mineral N resulted more promptly available to plants and increased the fresh and dry weight and protein content in leaves of the three crops while no significant difference in the tissue moisture content between the treatments was found. The inspection of combined data resulting from soil, plant and water analysis and from N budget demonstrates that altogether more mineral N was released in soil and water from the organic fertilizer while more N was uptaken by plants with the mineral fertilizer.Nitrogen uptake efficiency and N use efficiency in fact were highest in the mineral fertilized plots while surplus N was only found with the organic fertilization.Microbial population in the soil was unaffected by the type and amount of fertilizers; on the contrary, enzymatic activity responded positively to organic N while was depressed by the synthetic N form.  The results suggest that the use of organic N integrated with mineral N at the appropriate crop stages is the solution to be recommended

Histological evaluation of the exposure to 3,4-dichloroaniline in the estuarine mysid Mesopodopsis slabberi, under experimental conditions

This work presents an experimental approach to test Mesopodopsis slabberi as a potential indicator of pollution. The toxic effects of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) on the histology of this estuarine mysid were studied. After an acclimation period of two days, the mysids were exposed to different sublethal 3,4-DCA concentrations (0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, 1.20, 1.30 and 1.40 mg/L), for a period of 48 h. Each concentration had seven replicates, and one control. After the exposure period, organisms were sacrificed and submitted to a standard histological procedure with some modifications. Histological effects were analyzed in several tissues and damages were found in organisms exposed to concentrations higher then 0.30 mg/L. Muscular tissue, cuticular lens and gonads were clearly affected by 3,4-DCA, presenting accumulations of this toxic substance and lesions on the structures

Mobile five senses augmented reality system: technology acceptance study

The application of the most recent technologies is fundamental to add value to tourism experiences, as well as in other economic sectors. Mobile Five Senses Augmented Reality (M5SAR) system is a mobile guide instrument for cultural, historical, and museum events. In order to realize the proclaimed five senses, the system has two main modules: a (i) mobile application which deals mainly with the senses of sight and hearing, using for that the mobile device camera to recognize and track on-the-fly (museum's) objects and give related information about them; and a (ii) portable device capable of enhancing the augmented reality (AR) experience to the full five senses through the stimulus of touch, taste, and smell, by associating itself to the users' smartphone or tablet. This paper briefly presents the system's architecture but, the main focus is on the analysis of the users' acceptance for this technology, namely the AR (software) application, and its integration with the (hardware) device to achieve the five senses AR. Results show that social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions are the key constructs that drive the users to accept and M5SAR's technology.Funding Agency Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Project: Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems, LARSyS UID/EEA/50009/2019 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Project: Arts and Communication Research Center, CIAC UID/Multi/04019/2019 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Project: Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being, CinTurs UID/SOC/04020/2019 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Project: Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, CEFAGE UID/ECO/04007/2019 Project M5SAR I&DT - CRESC ALGARVE2020 3322 PORTUGAL2020 European Union (EU) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Espaços distópicos e heterotópicos no romance A Costa dos Murmúrios de Lídia Jorge: Desconstrução do discurso salazarista, face às práticas subjacentes à Guerra Colonial.

A Costa dos Murmúrios, de Lídia Jorge, dá-nos uma perspetiva da guerra colonial assente numa ótica pouco habitual, a ótica feminina. Onde estiveram e o que fizeram as mulheres portuguesas como Eva Lopo – e outras ainda mais desafortunadas – durante a Guerra Colonial portuguesa? De que forma é que o sonho megalómano da construção de uma utopia nas “províncias ultramarinas” viria a revelar-se, na realidade, como um emaranhado de distopias e heterotopias? Na verdade, o termo heterotopia, elaborado pelo filósofo francês Michel Foucault, na sua conferência Des espaces Autres (1994), concita-nos, desde logo, a problematizar o papel do espaço na formação dos conceitos de subjetividade/alteridade, convocando reflexões sobre a natureza da dialética das relações entre centro e margem, que desencadeiam/podem desencadear situações de diáspora, hibridismo, territorialização/desterritorialização,enraizamento/desenraizamento, etc. À luz destas reflexões procuraremos interpretar algumas das consequências da Guerra Colonial, quer para a mulher, quer, de forma ainda mais devastadora, para as populações autóctones, que foram subjugadas, forçadas, desde os primórdios da colonização, a aculturar-se a um modo de vida que lhes foi imposto, à sua revelia, pelos povos colonizadores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio