Ascomycota Indet. #1 - close up

Ascomycota Indet 1 6/12/2020 Group: Fungi Type: Ascomycota Notes Common Name: Year Noted: 2020https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bds_fungi/1002/thumbnail.jp

Catharus fuscescens (Veery) 004

Catharus fuscescens (Veery) 5/12/2022 Group: Birds Family: Thrushes (Turdidae) Notes Common Names: Veery Observed By: Josh Auld; Bob Stein; Carol Kuniholm; Matt Hunter; Nur Ritter Years Observed: 2015; 2016; 2017; 2018; 2019; 2021; 2022.https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_images/1093/thumbnail.jp

Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) on Amur Honeysuckle 004

Bombycilla cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing) 10/5/2022 Group: Birds Family: Waxwings (Bombycillidae) Notes Common Names: Cedar Waxwing Years Observed: 2004; 2015; 2016; 2017; 2018; 2021; 2022 Observed By: Josh Auld; Andrew Albright; Bob Stein; Holly Merker; Keith Hall; Matt Hunter; Nur Ritter; Patricia Johansen; West Chester Bird Clubhttps://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_images/1122/thumbnail.jp

Arthoniaceae Indet 1 (Crustose Lichen) 002

Arthoniaceae Indet 1 (Crustose Lichen) 8/17/2020 Group: Lichens Type: Crustose Family: Arthoniaceae Notes Common Name: Crustose Lichen Year Noted: 2020 Identified and First Noted By: N. Ritter.https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bds_lich/1001/thumbnail.jp

Ascomycota Indet. #1 a

Ascomycota Indet 1 6/12/2020 Group: Fungi Type: Ascomycota Notes Common Name: Year Noted: 2020https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bds_fungi/1000/thumbnail.jp

Sitta carolinensis (White-breasted Nuthatch) 002

Sitta carolinensis (White-breasted Nuthatch) 8/29/2022 Group: Birds Family: Nuthatches (Sittidae) Notes Common Names: White-breasted Nuthatch Observed By: Josh Auld; Alexander Tewnion; Alyssia Church; Ben Davidheiser; Ben Hawk; Bob Stein; Chris Rimmer; Colleen Cranney; Daniel S.; Helen Eckel-Wiener; Holly Merker; Judy Ford; Kathryn Krueger; Keith Hall; Kelly Johnson; Lois Bryman; Maghall3; Mark Nale; Matt Hunter; Michael Gardner; Mike Coulter; Nick Pulcinella; Nur Ritter; Patricia Johansen; Steven Esrey; West Chester Bird Club Years Observed: 2003; 2004; 2011; 2014; 2015; 2016; 2017; 2018; 2019; 2020; 2021; 2022.https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_images/1078/thumbnail.jp

Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Eastern Hayscented Fern) 002

Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Eastern Hayscented Fern) Group: Plants Type: Ferns & Fern Allies Family: Dennstaedtiaceae Notes Growth Habit: Forb/herb:; Duration: Perennial Origin: Native to the conterminous United States Years Noted: 1984; 2007; 2016; 2017https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bps_trach/1001/thumbnail.jp

Household Chaos Relates to Cortisol Levels for Children in Head Start Preschool

Poverty and related stressors have been demonstrated to negatively impact child development. Few studies to date have investigated the relationship between one such poverty related stressor, household chaos, and its impact on cortisol levels-a biomarker for stress- throughout the day. The present study investigated the relationship between household chaos and cortisol in a diverse sample of 288 children attending Head Start preschool. Household chaos was measured by a standardized parent report measure of chaos in the home. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained during four time points across the preschool day on two days at the beginning of the preschool year. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine within-persons relation between cortisol and time-of-day, and to examine household chaos as a potential moderator of this relationship. Children who came from homes characterized as high home chaos had a higher early morning cortisol level compared to children with low levels of home chaos, and also showed a steeper decrease in cortisol levels from early morning to midmorning. Children who resided in poverty had a higher morning cortisol level and a steeper decrease from early morning cortisol to midmorning cortisol time points compared to children who resided in households with family income-to-needs ratios above the poverty threshold. Additionally, children who came from households below the poverty threshold showed a greater increase in cortisol levels from midmorning to midafternoon. These results suggest that within a sample facing economic hardship, both poverty and household chaos are related to morning cortisol as well as changes in cortisol trajectories across the preschool day for young children, which underscores the need for polices and programs aimed at reducing poverty and poverty related stressors during the critical developmental period of early childhood

Sayornis phoebe (Eastern Phoebe) 003

Sayornis phoebe (Eastern Phoebe) 5/3/2022 Group: Birds Family: Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae) Notes Common Names: Eastern Phoebe Observed By: Josh Auld; Ben Davidheiser; Bob Stein; Daniel S.; Kathryn Krueger; Kelly Johnson; Matt Hunter; Nur Ritter; West Chester Bird Club Years Observed: 2003; 2004; 2016; 2017; 2018; 2019; 2021; 2022.https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_images/1117/thumbnail.jp