An Investigation of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content among Hispanic Women by Lifestyle Factors

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bone characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone structure, increased bone fragility, and an increased risk of fracture. Known factors that can cause an increase in bone loss include, but are not limited to, calcium deficiency and smoking. Most of the data collected regarding osteoporosis has been referenced to non-Hispanic white women. In the past, few studies were targeted on the ethnic propensity for osteoporosis among women. In recent years, osteoporosis has become an increased concern for Hispanic women. Osteoporosis can be measured partly through bone mass or bone density. The chosen method for measuring bone density is with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This study, using DEXA results recently released as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), looks at the relationship between Hispanic women's calcium consumption and smoking with regard to their bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), as measured by DEXA. Data collected from the NHANES database include calcium intake from the dietary intake interview, smoking responses from the smoking questionnaire, and BMC and BMD data from the patient's DEXA scan. From the results we can conclude that smoking decreases BMC and BMD and smoking cessation can help improve BMC and BMD in both Hispanic and overall women in this study. This study also demonstrates that a higher intake of calcium can lead to a higher BMD for women in this study; this finding is more evident in this study for Hispanic women. This study will assist the medical community associated with Hispanic women and allow for more findings for osteoporosis.No embarg

First direct mass-measurement of the two-neutron halo nucleus 6He and improved mass for the four-neutron halo 8He

The first direct mass-measurement of $^{6}$He has been performed with the TITAN Penning trap mass spectrometer at the ISAC facility. In addition, the mass of $^{8}$He was determined with improved precision over our previous measurement. The obtained masses are $m$($^{6}$He) = 6.018 885 883(57) u and $m$($^{8}$He) = 8.033 934 44(11) u. The $^{6}$He value shows a deviation from the literature of 4$\sigma$. With these new mass values and the previously measured atomic isotope shifts we obtain charge radii of 2.060(8) fm and 1.959(16) fm for $^{6}$He and $^{8}$He respectively. We present a detailed comparison to nuclear theory for $^6$He, including new hyperspherical harmonics results. A correlation plot of the point-proton radius with the two-neutron separation energy demonstrates clearly the importance of three-nucleon forces.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Trapped-ion decay spectroscopy towards the determination of ground-state components of double-beta decay matrix elements

A new technique has been developed at TRIUMF's TITAN facility to perform in-trap decay spectroscopy. The aim of this technique is to eventually measure weak electron capture branching ratios (ECBRs) and by this to consequently determine GT matrix elements of $\beta\beta$ decaying nuclei. These branching ratios provide important input to the theoretical description of these decays. The feasibility and power of the technique is demonstrated by measuring the ECBR of $^{124}$Cs.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Highly charged ions in Penning traps, a new tool for resolving low lying isomeric states

The use of highly charged ions increases the precision and resolving power, in particular for short-lived species produced at on-line radio-isotope beam facilities, achievable with Penning trap mass spectrometers. This increase in resolving power provides a new and unique access to resolving low-lying long-lived ($T_{1/2} > 50$ ms) nuclear isomers. Recently, the $111.19(22)$ keV (determined from $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy) isomeric state in $^{78}$Rb has been resolved from the ground state, in a charge state of $q=8+$ with the TITAN Penning trap at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility. The excitation energy of the isomer was measured to be $108.7(6.4)$ keV above the ground state. The extracted masses for both the ground and isomeric states, and their difference, agree with the AME2003 and Nuclear Data Sheet values. This proof of principle measurement demonstrates the feasibility of using Penning trap mass spectrometers coupled to charge breeders to study nuclear isomers and opens a new route for isomer searches.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

First Penning-trap mass measurement in the millisecond half-life range: the exotic halo nucleus 11Li

In this letter, we report a new mass for $^{11}$Li using the trapping experiment TITAN at TRIUMF's ISAC facility. This is by far the shortest-lived nuclide, $t_{1/2} = 8.8 \rm{ms}$, for which a mass measurement has ever been performed with a Penning trap. Combined with our mass measurements of $^{8,9}$Li we derive a new two-neutron separation energy of 369.15(65) keV: a factor of seven more precise than the best previous value. This new value is a critical ingredient for the determination of the halo charge radius from isotope-shift measurements. We also report results from state-of-the-art atomic-physics calculations using the new mass and extract a new charge radius for $^{11}$Li. This result is a remarkable confluence of nuclear and atomic physics.Comment: Formatted for submission to PR

TITAN's Digital RFQ Ion Beam Cooler and Buncher, Operation and Performance

We present a description of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) ion trap built as part of the TITAN facility. It consists of a gas-filled, segmented, linear Paul trap and is the first stage of the TITAN setup with the purpose of cooling and bunching radioactive ion beams delivered from ISAC-TRIUMF. This is the first such device to be driven digitally, i.e., using a high voltage ($V_{pp} = \rm{400 \, V}$), wide bandwidth ($0.2 < f < 1.2 \, \rm{MHz}$) square-wave as compared to the typical sinusoidal wave form. Results from the commissioning of the device as well as systematic studies with stable and radioactive ions are presented including efficiency measurements with stable $^{133}$Cs and radioactive $^{124, 126}$Cs. A novel and unique mode of operation of this device is also demonstrated where the cooled ion bunches are extracted in reverse mode, i.e., in the same direction as previously injected.Comment: 34 pages, 17 figure

Capabilities for circular economy innovation:Factors leading to product/service innovations in the construction and manufacturing industries

As companies in the manufacturing and construction industries strive to meet the EU circular economy (CE) targets, they need to develop new capabilities to implement CE activities that can positively influence their product/service innovations. However, companies in both industries, and beyond, still struggle to develop internal capabilities to innovate products and services that would help them in implementing CE principles and move towards the CE. The objective of this research is to analyze the types of innovation capabilities that are needed to enable CE implementation and achieve product/service innovations in two different industrial sectors. Prior research has focused on innovating and implementing circular business models and elaborated less on the innovation capability types. We collected survey data in December 2021–January 2022 that consists of responses from companies operating in Germany (n = 177), including employees in manufacturing (n = 87) and construction companies (n = 90). The results from the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on measurement models from the literature indicate that employees in both sectors overall perceive higher levels of CE implementation capability as important for the company's product/service innovations. Furthermore, the results reveal differences in the way CE innovation capability and IT resource orchestration capability influence CE implementation and product/service innovations in the two sectors. Our study offers theoretical implications on how dynamic capabilities are associated with CE innovations and how they influence companies' product/service innovations based on empirical evidence from two industrial sectors. Those capabilities that are crucial for circular product/service innovations need to be associated with CE implementation capabilities. The results further advise practitioners in the development of CE innovation and CE implementation capabilities and how they are linked to IT resource orchestration capability and provide evidence on their relevance to creating product/service innovations.</p

Elucidation of the anomalous A = 9 isospin quartet behaviour

Recent high-precision mass measurements of $^{9}$Li and $^{9}$Be, performed with the TITAN Penning trap at the TRIUMF ISAC facility, are analyzed in light of state-of-the-art shell model calculations. We find an explanation for the anomalous Isobaric Mass Multiplet Equation (IMME) behaviour for the two $A$ = 9 quartets. The presence of a cubic $d$ = 6.3(17) keV term for the $J^{\pi}$ = 3/2$^{-}$ quartet and the vanishing cubic term for the excited $J^{\pi}$ = 1/2$^{-}$ multiplet depend upon the presence of a nearby $T$ = 1/2 state in $^{9}$B and $^{9}$Be that induces isospin mixing. This is contrary to previous hypotheses involving purely Coulomb and charge-dependent effects. $T$ = 1/2 states have been observed near the calculated energy, above the $T$ = 3/2 state. However an experimental confirmation of their $J^{\pi}$ is needed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure