Caso clínico : mantedor de espaço removível mandibular

Poster apresentado no XXV Congresso da Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas, 10-12 Novembro 2016, PortoN/

BUDHIES - III : the fate of HI and the quenching of galaxies in evolving environments

In a hierarchical Universe clusters grow via the accretion of galaxies from the field, groups and even other clusters. As this happens, galaxies can lose and/or consume their gas reservoirs via different mechanisms, eventually quenching their star formation. We explore the diverse environmental histories of galaxies through a multiwavelength study of the combined effect of ram-pressure stripping and group 'processing' in Abell 963, a massive growing cluster at z = 0.2 from the Blind Ultra Deep HI Environmental Survey (BUDHIES). We incorporate hundreds of new optical redshifts (giving a total of 566 cluster members), as well as Subaru and XMM-Newton data from LoCuSS, to identify substructures and evaluate galaxy morphology, star formation activity, and HI content (via HI deficiencies and stacking) out to 3 x R-200. We find that Abell 963 is being fed by at least seven groups, that contribute to the large number of passive galaxies outside the cluster core. More massive groups have a higher fraction of passive and HI-poor galaxies, while low-mass groups host younger (often interacting) galaxies. For cluster galaxies not associated with groups we corroborate our previous finding that HI gas (if any) is significantly stripped via ram-pressure during their first passage through the intracluster medium, and find mild evidence for a starburst associated with this event. In addition, we find an overabundance of morphologically peculiar and/or star-forming galaxies near the cluster core. We speculate that these arise from the effect of groups passing through the cluster (post-processing). Our study highlights the importance of environmental quenching and the complexity added by evolving environments.Peer reviewe

Generational distribution of a Candida glabrata population: Resilient old cells prevail, while younger cells dominate in the vulnerable host.

Similar to other yeasts, the human pathogen Candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric, finite cell divisions, which determines its replicative lifespan. We sought to investigate if and how aging changes resilience of C. glabrata populations in the host environment. Our data demonstrate that old C. glabrata are more resistant to hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil killing, whereas young cells adhere better to epithelial cell layers. Consequently, virulence of old compared to younger C. glabrata cells is enhanced in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Electron microscopy images of old C. glabrata cells indicate a marked increase in cell wall thickness. Comparison of transcriptomes of old and young C. glabrata cells reveals differential regulation of ergosterol and Hog pathway associated genes as well as adhesion proteins, and suggests that aging is accompanied by remodeling of the fungal cell wall. Biochemical analysis supports this conclusion as older cells exhibit a qualitatively different lipid composition, leading to the observed increased emergence of fluconazole resistance when grown in the presence of fluconazole selection pressure. Older C. glabrata cells accumulate during murine and human infection, which is statistically unlikely without very strong selection. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophils constitute the predominant selection pressure in vivo. When we altered experimentally the selection pressure by antibody-mediated removal of neutrophils, we observed a significantly younger pathogen population in mice. Mathematical modeling confirmed that differential selection of older cells is sufficient to cause the observed demographic shift in the fungal population. Hence our data support the concept that pathogenesis is affected by the generational age distribution of the infecting C. glabrata population in a host. We conclude that replicative aging constitutes an emerging trait, which is selected by the host and may even play an unanticipated role in the transition from a commensal to a pathogen state.post-print10768 K

Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE): a prospective European multicentre observational study

Background: Neonates and infants are susceptible to hypoxaemia in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to analyse interventions related to anaesthesia tracheal intubations in this European cohort and identify their clinical consequences. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of tracheal intubations of the European multicentre observational trial (NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe [NECTARINE]) in neonates and small infants with difficult tracheal intubation. The primary endpoint was the incidence of difficult intubation and the related complications. The secondary endpoints were the risk factors for severe hypoxaemia attributed to difficult airway management, and 30 and 90 day outcomes. Results: Tracheal intubation was planned in 4683 procedures. Difficult tracheal intubation, defined as two failed attempts of direct laryngoscopy, occurred in 266 children (271 procedures) with an incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1e6.5). Bradycardia occurred in 8% of the cases with difficult intubation, whereas a significant decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2<90% for 60 s) was reported in 40%. No associated risk factors could be identified among comorbidities, surgical, or anaesthesia management. Using propensity scoring to adjust for confounders, difficult anaesthesia tracheal intubation did not lead to an increase in 30 and 90 day morbidity or mortality. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate a high incidence of difficult tracheal intubation in children less than 60 weeks post-conceptual age commonly resulting in severe hypoxaemia. Reassuringly, the morbidity and mortality at 30 and 90 days was not increased by the occurrence of a difficult intubation event. Clinical trial registration: NCT02350348

One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function.Naturali

COHERENT EXCITATION PHENOMENA IN TIME-RESOLVED EXPERIMENTS

Author Institution: Departamento de Quimica-Fisica, Facultad de Ciencia; y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Apartado 644, ES-48080; Bilbao, SpainThe influence of coherent phenomena on femtosecond pump-probe experiments in molecular systems has been investigated. The signature of Coherent Population Return (CPR) has been observed, and satisfactorily described by means of a coherently excited two-state model. This analysis has been extended to a more general situation where N two-level subsystems interact independently with the radiation. The obtained results permit us to explain why for such complex systems the incoherent treatment provides an accurate description of the population dynamics. Furthermore, the distribution of states inside and outside the excitation laser bandwidth, rather than the state density as it is accepted, is found to be the key parameter for determining the applicability of the incoherent approach

COHERENT EFFECTS INVOLVING THE EXCITATION AND RELAXATION OF THE COUPLED La_a/Lb_b ELECTRONIC EXCITED STATES OF NAPHTHALENE: A TIME DEPENDENT EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Author Institution: Departamento de Quimica-Fisica, Facultad de Ciencia; y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Apartado 644, ES-48080; Bilbao, SpainThe ultrafast dynamics of the non-adiabatic coupling between the L$_a$(S$_2$)/L$_b$(S$_1$) electronic excited states of naphthalene has been investigated, regarding the coherent aspects of the preparation and subsequent relaxation of the system. This electronic coupling represents a well known case of non-adiabatic behavior that has been used for years as a benchmark to test theoretical models. The jet cooled naphthalene molecule was prepared in the L$_a$ and L$_b$ states by femtosecond pump pulses in the UV region (318-268 nm), while the temporal evolution of the system was tracked by multiphoton ionization of the molecule with probe pulses centered at 800 nm. The time dependent signals collected at excitation wavelengths corresponding to the weak S$_0$-L$_b$ transition are dominated by the CPR (Coherent Population Transfer) effect induced by the blue-shifted stronger S$_0$-L$_a$ absorption. The CPR effect results in the transient population of the L$_a$ state during the interaction of the pump pulse with the system, revealing the coherent nature of the excitation process. The transients collected after excitation to the L$_a$ state reveal the ultrafast relaxation to the strongly coupled L$_b$ state. The electronic and/or vibrational nature of the periodic recurrences observed along the relaxation of the electronic population will be discussed

Evidence map of the benefits of enhanced-efficiency fertilisers for the environment, nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility, and crop production

The identification of sustainable fertilisation practices is essential to reduce agriculture's impact on the environment while insuring sufficient crop production. The use of enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) is thought to improve nitrogen (N)-fertiliser uptake by crops while reducing nutrient losses to the environment. EEFs' performance has been assessed in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, which are heterogeneous in content and quality of reporting. This provides fragmented information and makes it difficult to conclude about their ability to provide more sustainable fertilisation. Here we synthetise evidence from 26 meta-analyses and reviews selected by a systematic literature search to describe the separate effects of four commonly used EEFs-nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, double inhibitors, or controlled-release fertilisers-on the environment, nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility, and crop production. A unique contribution of this review is the assessment of the quality of the selected papers and the synthesis of their results through a systematic framework. Results showed that compared to conventional fertilisers, EEFs generally increased soil nutrients, crop yield, and N use efficiency, and reduced N leaching, emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Some differences were found between the different EEFs; while urease inhibitors, double inhibitors, and controlled-released fertilisers decreased ammonia emission compared to conventional fertilisers, nitrification inhibitors increased these emissions or did not affect them. The results were consistent when excluding low-quality studies from the analyses. Overall, this global synthesis indicates that EEFs could maintain crop yields while reducing some of the negative environmental impacts of conventional N-fertilisers. Attention should be paid to the potential increase of ammonia emissions by nitrification inhibitors and additional evidence is needed on the potential side effects on soil health, biodiversity, and water quality