The application of chiroptical spectroscopy (circular dichroism) in quantifying binding events in lanthanide directed synthesis of chiral luminescent self-assembly structures

The binding of asymmetrical and optically pure tridentate ligands (L = 1(S) and 1(R)) containing one carboxylic group and 2-naphthyl as an antenna to lanthanide ions (M = La(III) and Eu(III)) was studied in CH3CN, showing the successive formation of M:L, M:L2 and M:L3 stoichiometric species in solution. The europium complexes EuL3 were also synthesised, structurally characterised and their photophysical properties probed in CH3OH and CH3CN. The changes in the chiroptical properties of both 1(S) and 1(R) were used (by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy) to monitor the formation of these chiral selfassemblies in solution. While circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) showed the formation of Eu(1(S))3 and Eu(1(R))3 as enantiomers, with high luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum), fitting the CD changes allowed for binding constants to be determined that were comparable to those seen in the analyses of absorbance and luminescence changes

The ESSnuSB design study: overview and future prospects

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating parameter. This review describes the fundamental advantages of measurement at the second maximum, the necessary upgrades to the ESS linac in order to produce a neutrino beam, the near and far detector complexes, and the expected physics reach of the proposed ESSnuSB experiment, concluding with the near future developments aimed at the project realizationThis project has been supported by the COST Action EuroNuNet: “Combining forces for a novel European facility for neutrino-antineutrino symmetry-violation discovery”. It has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 777419. We acknowledge further support provided by the following research funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, France; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany, Projektnummer 423761110; Agencia Estatal de Investigacion through the grants IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, Spain, contract No. CEX2020-001007-S and PID2019-108892RB funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. W129/H2020/2018, with the science resources for the years 2018–2021 for the realisation of a cofunded project; Ministry of Science and Education of Republic of Croatia grant No. KK.01.1.1.01.0001; Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Grant no: FUA-2021-12628; as well as support provided by the universities and laboratories to which the authors of this report are affiliated, see the author list on the first page. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for the

Impact of swirl on in-cylinder heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine

[EN] One of the key strategies to reduce CO2 emissions is to improve the efficiency of engines in order to diminish fuel consumption. A way to increase engine efficiency is to reduce the heat losses. Internal heat transfer in engines depends on combustion chamber conditions. Swirl is an important parameter for combustion that also changes in-cylinder variables relevant to heat transfer. In this work, influence of swirl on combustion chamber heat fluxes was investigated employing wall temperature data and a 0-D thermal model. Local wall temperatures were measured at various locations of the cylinder liner and the cylinder head using thermocouples. A sweep of swirl ratios was carried out at different engine operating conditions. It was observed that the effect of swirl effect was highly dependent on location and was more important near the center of the firedeck. Results from the 0-D thermal model were evaluated by comparing measured and predicted wall temperatures. Using a convenient arrangement of thermocouples and the 0-D thermal model, it was possible to calculate heat flux from combustion chamber to cylinder walls. By analyzing heat flux through the firedeck, an increase in heat losses between 4 and 12% was observed for each unit that swirl number was increased. Results from the 0-D thermal model indicate that similar effects occur for other surfaces in the combustion chamber. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors acknowledge General Motors Global R&D for supporting this research. The equipment used in this work was partially supported by FEDER project funds "Dotacion de infraestructuras cientifico tecnicas para el Centro Integral de Mejora Energetica y Medioambiental de Sistemas de Transporte (CiMeT), (FEDER-ICTS-2012-06)", framed in the operational program of unique scientific and technical infrastructure of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain.Broatch, A.; Olmeda, P.; García Martínez, A.; Salvador-Iborra, J.; Warey, A. (2017). Impact of swirl on in-cylinder heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine. Energy. 119:1010-1023. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.040S1010102311

Optical performance of a new design of trifocal intraocular lens based on the Devil's diffractive lens

In this work, we propose a new diffractive trifocal intraocular lens design with focus extension, conceived to provide a high visual performance at intermediate distances. This design is based on a fractal structure known as the "Devil's staircase". To assess its optical performance, numerical simulations have been performed with a ray tracing program using the Liou-Brennan model eye under polychromatic illumination. The simulated through the focus visual acuity was the merit function employed to test its pupil-dependence and its behavior against decentering. A qualitative assessment of the multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) was also performed experimentally with an adaptive optics visual simulator. The experimental results confirm our numerical predictions. We found that our MIOL design has a trifocal profile, which is very robust to decentration and has low degree of pupil dependence. It performs better at intermediate distances than at near distances and, for a pupil diameter of 3 mm, it works like an EDoF lens over almost the entire defocus range

Psychophysiological responses to acute stress in two groups of healthy women differing in fitness

This study examined how the degree of fitness affects several psychophysiological responses to stress in elite sportswomen and physically active women. Trait anxiety and mood were evaluated, and salivary testosterone (Tsal) and cortisol (Csal) concentrations determined before and after a maximal ergometry. Afterwards, subjects carried out the Stroop task, where heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were continuously recorded. At baseline, elite sportswomen had worse mood, and lower cardiovascular basal measures and testosterone:cortisol ratio. In the Stroop task, they showed higher SCL reactivity and worse recovery with respect to the baseline values than physically active women. There was a positive relationship between Tsal and HR as well as between negative mood and SCL, and a negative one between negative mood and HR. In women, the degree of fitness moderates he electrodermal responses to acute stress, a specific pattern of relationship among different psychophysiological variables being found

Diffractive Corneal Inlays: A New Concept for Correction of Presbyopia

A new class of corneal inlays for treatment of presbyopia is described, which uses diffraction as the working principle. The inlay consists of an opaque disk with a small central aperture surrounded by an array of micro-holes that are distributed following the order of a given Fresnel zone plate having N zones. In this way, the central hole of the disk produces an extension of the depth of focus of the eye for distance vision and contributes to the zero order of diffraction, and the light diffracted by the micro-holes in the periphery produces a real focus for near vision. In our general design, the number of zones and the diameter of the central hole are free parameters that can be used to design customized devices with different addition power and near-focus intensity. Two different designs are analyzed to show this property. In the analysis, we employed a ray tracing software to study the performance of the new inlays in the two different model eyes. The results are compared with those obtained with a model of the small-aperture inlay that is currently in the market. The different merit functions used in the comparison and the image simulations performed with the inlays in the model eyes show the excellent performance of our proposal

Adequacy of degreening treatment to minimize physiological disorders during marketing of mandarins

[SPA] e índice de madurez antes que la coloración comercial de la piel, por lo que, en buena parte, son sometidas a tratamiento de desverdización. En la actualidad se utiliza el sistema de flujo continuo intermitente con 2-5 ppm de etileno, humedad relativa superior al 90%, temperatura de 20-22ºC, concentración de CO2 menor del 0,2% y de O2 superior al 20%. Siendo éstas las condiciones óptimas del tratamiento de desverdización con etileno, es inevitable que si la duración del mismo se prolonga excesivamente puedan aparecer alteraciones fisiológicas relacionadas con la senescencia durante la posterior comercialización, especialmente el ennegrecimiento y caída de cálices. En este trabajo se analiza la respuesta de cambio de color y la sensibilidad a las alteraciones fisiológicas de las variedades de mayor interés comercial, incluidas las nuevas mutaciones extratempranas de clementina Oronules de atractivo color naranja-rojizo intenso (Basol, Prenules, Clemenrubi, Cultifort y Orogros). La desverdización en las mismas condiciones ambientales antes señaladas, pero sin adición de etileno exógeno, resulta en una disminución de la velocidad de cambio de color pero también en una menor incidencia de alteraciones fisiológicas. Teniendo en cuenta estos factores hemos establecido tratamientos generales de desverdización en función del índice de color inicial y el destino final a la U.E. o a países de ultramar, procurando siempre minimizar las alteraciones fisiológicas al final de la comercialización. Cuando el índice de color (IC=1000.a/L.b) en la recolección es superior a –5, los frutos pueden ser desverdizados sin etileno, llegando a destino con adecuado color comercial. También se exponen en este trabajo los resultados positivos obtenidos con la aplicación postcosecha, previa a la desverdización con etileno, de diversas auxinas de síntesis. La aplicación de formulaciones del ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético y del 3,5,6 tricloro-2 piridil-oxiacético, en inmersión a concentraciones de 10 ppm logró, en algunas variedades, una significativa reducción de la caída y ennegrecimiento del cáliz sin afectar negativamente al cambio de color ni a otros parámetros y atributos de calidad evaluados. [ENG] Most of early-season varieties of mandarins reach the minimum required maturity index and juice content before full external coloration. Therefore degreening is a common postharvest treatment applied to accelerate color change process. Continuous flow-trough system with ethylene concentration 2-5 ppm, 90% RH, temperature 20-22ºC, CO2 less than 0,2% and O2 over 20%, is widely used. Excessive degreening time results in physiological disorders related to senescence specially darkening and drop of calyx. In this paper, color changes and physiological disorders sensitivity are studied in cultivars of great commercial interest. The early Oronules mutations (Basol, Prenules, Clemenrubí, Cultifort and Orogros) of attractive orange-reddish color are also included in these studies. Fruit stored in the same conditions of continuous flow but without addition of ethylene also undergo a slower color evolution, nevertheless with little risk of physiological disorders. Taking into account all these factors, degreening treatments related to initial color and destination were established. Fruit with citrus color index (CCI=1000a/Lb) at harvest over -5, could be degreened without ethylene arriving at UE or overseas destinations with adequate commercial color. In this work are also exposed the effect of the postharvest auxins applications on the calyx disorders associated to degreening. In some cultivars, dipping 10 ppm of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid reduced significantly darkening and drop of calyx without affect neither the color nor the quality parameters

Marca Turística y Movie Maps. Identidad, Cine y Publicidad como Producto de Consumo

A publicidade turística busca gerar um sentimento de atração, cuja projeção central não deixa de ser uma mistura de ficção e realidade com o objetivo de diferenciar o destino turístico. Dado que o turismo é essencialmente uma experiência visual, nos últimos anos tem revitalizado a sua relação com a produção fílmica para gerar novos produtos turísticos. As localizações cinematográficas estão propiciando atrativos percursos através de lugares convertidos em espaços "semantizados" pela ficção fílmica, cujos itens mais notáveis são colocados sobre os planos e mapas que servem como instrumento de promoção, indução e orientação turística, além de auxiliar na construção da marca e conferir identidade diferenciada aos destinos