Salinity changes in the estuary and the coastal sea adjacent to the portmouth at Cochin

The article deals with the details of salinity changes in the Cochin estuary and its influence and interrelations with the Vembanad lake

On the marine atmospheric boundary layer characteristics over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

Detailed measurements were carried out in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) which covered both Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during March to May 2006. In this paper, we present the meteorological observations made during this campaign. The latitudinal variation of the surface layer turbulent fluxes is also described in detail

Estuarine oceanography of the Vembanad lake Part iii: the region between Cochin and The 30 m depth off port mouth

The time-distribution patterns of temperature, salinity and oxygen content along the shipping channel from inside the port to a distance of about 15 km out into the Arabian sea during 1981-1983 are presented and discussed in this third and last part of the estuarine oceanographic study of the Vembanad lake. The distribution patterns show that hydrologically the nearshore region up to 12 or 15 km off Cochin is more or less identical to the adjacent coastal region, without having any apparent influence of the lake, during the dry months January to May. During the wet months, however, the discharge from the lake, characterized by suspended sediments, spreads as a plume, over highly saline and cold upwelled water, turning the region into an intermittent estuary. Though the end of the plume can often be pinpointed around the 30in depthline, by a sharp change of colour and filaments formed of floating objects of land and freshwater origin, the presence of an actual plume front is doubtful because of the weak surface convergence then occurring in a broad area off Cochin

Oceanography of the Arabian Sea With particular reference to the southwest monsoon

The oceanographic conditons in the Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon is discussed. The main features occurring during this monsoon period in the Arabian Sea is the coastal upwelling along the southwest coast of India, the intensity of which is highest in the region Cochin to Mangalore. The currents along the coast during this season is southward. This also the season when mud-banks are formed at certain places along the coast. The effect of upwelling on primary and secondary production is also discussed

Observations of trace gases and aerosols over the Indian Ocean during the monsoon transition period

Characteristics of trace gases (O3, CO, CO2, CH4 and N2O) and aerosols (particle size of 2.5 micron) were studied over the Arabian Sea, equatorial Indian Ocean and southwest part of the Bay of Bengal during the monsoon transition period (October-November, 2004). Flow of pollutants is expected from south and southeast Asia during the monsoonal transition period due to the patterns of wind flow which are different from the monsoon period. This is the first detailed report on aerosols and trace gases during the sampled period as the earlier Bay of Bengal Experiment (BOBMEX), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX) and Indian Ocean Experiments (INDOEX) were during monsoon seasons. The significant observations during the transition period include: (i) low ozone concentration of the order of 5 ppbv around the equator, (ii) high concentrations of CO2, CH4 and N2O and (iii) variations in PM2.5 of 5-20μg/m3

Sources, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials in wastewater streams

© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are manufactured, as opposed to being an incidental by-product of combustion or a natural process, and they often have unique or novel properties that emerge from their small size. These materials are being used in an expanding array of consumer products and, like all technological developments, have both benefits and risks. As the use of ENM in consumer products becomes more common, the amount of these nanomaterials entering wastewater stream increases. Estimates of nanomaterials production are in the range of 500 and 50,000 tons per year for silver and titanium dioxide (TiO2) alone, respectively. Nanomaterials enter the wastewater stream during the production, usage, and disposal of nanomaterial-containing products. The predicted values of nanomaterials range from 0.003 (fullerenes) to 21 ng L-1 (nano-TiO2) for surface waters, and from 4 ng L-1 (fullerenes) to 4 g L-1 (nano-TiO2) for sewage treatment effluents. Therefore, investigating the fate of nanomaterials in wastewater streams is critical for risk assessment and pollution control. The authors aim first to identify the sources of nanomaterials reaching wastewater streams, then determine their occurrence and distribution, and finally discuss their fate in relation to human and ecological health, and environmental impact

Speciation of Six-Arsenic Species of Rice in Korea by HPLC/ICPMS

Determination of arsenic (As) speciation in rice is necessary because inorganic As species are more toxic than organic As. Arsenic levels of rice in Korea were determined by microwave extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The extraction method showed a high recovery and low Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ). Most of the As species in rice were noticed to be inorganic [Arsenite (AsIII), Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)]. The percentage of inorganic As/total As is 69.01 % (36.40-87.86 %). Arsenite and DMA were the major compounds in rice in Korea when compare to U.S. rice. The order and percentage of As species showed were AsIII (56-70 %)>DMA (23-38 %)>AsV (5 %)>MMA(1 %)