142 research outputs found
A rare case of advanced testicular seminoma in a 78-year-old man managed successfully with carboplatin based chemotherapy: a case report
Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy
Contains fulltext :
108324.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Enzalutamide (formerly called MDV3100) targets multiple steps in the androgen-receptor-signaling pathway, the major driver of prostate-cancer growth. We aimed to evaluate whether enzalutamide prolongs survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. METHODS: In our phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we stratified 1199 men with castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance-status score and pain intensity. We randomly assigned them, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive oral enzalutamide at a dose of 160 mg per day (800 patients) or placebo (399 patients). The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: The study was stopped after a planned interim analysis at the time of 520 deaths. The median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.3 to not yet reached) in the enzalutamide group versus 13.6 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 15.8) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death in the enzalutamide group, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.75; P<0.001). The superiority of enzalutamide over placebo was shown with respect to all secondary end points: the proportion of patients with a reduction in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level by 50% or more (54% vs. 2%, P<0.001), the soft-tissue response rate (29% vs. 4%, P<0.001), the quality-of-life response rate (43% vs. 18%, P<0.001), the time to PSA progression (8.3 vs. 3.0 months; hazard ratio, 0.25; P<0.001), radiographic progression-free survival (8.3 vs. 2.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.40; P<0.001), and the time to the first skeletal-related event (16.7 vs. 13.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.69; P<0.001). Rates of fatigue, diarrhea, and hot flashes were higher in the enzalutamide group. Seizures were reported in five patients (0.6%) receiving enzalutamide. CONCLUSIONS: Enzalutamide significantly prolonged the survival of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy. (Funded by Medivation and Astellas Pharma Global Development; AFFIRM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00974311.)
Prognostic impact of progression to induction chemotherapy and prior paclitaxel therapy in patients with germ cell tumors receiving salvage high-dose chemotherapy in the last 10 years: A study of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Solid Tumors Working Party
Little is known about the prognostic impact of prior paclitaxel therapy and response to induction chemotherapy defined as the regimen preceding high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for the salvage therapy of advanced germ cell tumors. Twenty European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers contributed data on patients treated between 2002 and 2012. Paclitaxel used in either prior lines of therapy or in induction-mobilization regimens was considered. Multivariable Cox analyses of prespecified factors were undertaken on PFS and overall survival (OS). As of October 2013, data for 324 patients had been contributed to this study. One hundred and ninety-two patients (59.3%) had received paclitaxel. Sixty-one patients (19%) had a progression to induction chemotherapy, 234 (72%) a response (29 (9%) missing or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor without chemotherapy). Both progression to induction chemotherapy and prior paclitaxel were significantly associated with shorter OS univariably (P<0.001 and P=0.032). On multivariable analysis from the model with fully available data (N=216) progression to induction was significantly prognostic for PFS and OS (P=0.003), but prior paclitaxel was not (P=0.674 and P=0.739). These results were confirmed after multiple imputation of missing data. Progression to induction chemotherapy could be demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor, in contrast to prior paclitaxel
Uncoupled Embryonic and Extra-Embryonic Tissues Compromise Blastocyst Development after Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is the most efficient cell reprogramming technique available, especially when working with bovine species. Although SCNT blastocysts performed equally well or better than controls in the weeks following embryo transfer at Day 7, elongation and gastrulation defects were observed prior to implantation. To understand the developmental implications of embryonic/extra-embryonic interactions, the morphological and molecular features of elongating and gastrulating tissues were analysed. At Day 18, 30 SCNT conceptuses were compared to 20 controls (AI and IVP: 10 conceptuses each); one-half of the SCNT conceptuses appeared normal while the other half showed signs of atypical elongation and gastrulation. SCNT was also associated with a high incidence of discordance in embryonic and extra-embryonic patterns, as evidenced by morphological and molecular âuncouplingâ. Elongation appeared to be secondarily affected; only 3 of 30 conceptuses had abnormally elongated shapes and there were very few differences in gene expression when they were compared to the controls. However, some of these differences could be linked to defects in microvilli formation or extracellular matrix composition and could thus impact extra-embryonic functions. In contrast to elongation, gastrulation stages included embryonic defects that likely affected the hypoblast, the epiblast, or the early stages of their differentiation. When taking into account SCNT conceptus somatic origin, i.e. the reprogramming efficiency of each bovine ear fibroblast (Low: 0029, Med: 7711, High: 5538), we found that embryonic abnormalities or severe embryonic/extra-embryonic uncoupling were more tightly correlated to embryo loss at implantation than were elongation defects. Alternatively, extra-embryonic differences between SCNT and control conceptuses at Day 18 were related to molecular plasticity (high efficiency/high plasticity) and subsequent pregnancy loss. Finally, because it alters re-differentiation processes in vivo, SCNT reprogramming highlights temporally and spatially restricted interactions among cells and tissues in a unique way
Paclitaxel-containing high-dose chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory testicular germ cell tumours
Pure seminoma: A review and update
Pure seminoma is a rare pathology of the young adult, often discovered in the early stages. Its prognosis is generally excellent and many therapeutic options are available, especially in stage I tumors. High cure rates can be achieved in several ways: standard treatment with radiotherapy is challenged by surveillance and chemotherapy. Toxicity issues and the patients' preferences should be considered when management decisions are made. This paper describes firstly the management of primary seminoma and its nodal involvement and, secondly, the various therapeutic options according to stage
Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based therapy (RANGE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Few treatments with a distinct mechanism of action are available for patients with platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment with docetaxel plus either ramucirumab-a human IgG1 VEGFR-2 antagonist-or placebo in this patient population
Electron transport and kinetics of transformations in the amorphous alloy Ni66B34
The amorphous alloy Ni66B34 prepared by chemical methods at 20 °C appears to be formed of a large number of clusters of about 8 Ă
, surrounded by a disordered matrix, the former giving to the latter local order similar to that of the boride Ni3B. The kinetics of transformations which accompany all thermal treatments of the material at a temperature above 20 °C are deduced from study of the resulting isotherm of decreasing electrical resistivity. Two regions of linear increase in apparent activation energy Ea are defined versus annealing temperature : the first in the temperature domain where the alloy maintains its amorphous character; the second beyond 350 °C, corresponding to precipitation of the crystallized phases.L'alliage amorphe Ni66B34 prĂ©parĂ© par voie chimique Ă 20° C apparait comme constituĂ© d'un grand nombre d'agrĂ©gats de 8 Ă
environ, noyĂ©s dans une matrice dĂ©sordonnĂ©e, et qui lui confĂšre un ordre local voisin de celui du borure Ni3B. La cinĂ©tique des transformations qui accompagnent tout traitement thermique du matĂ©riau Ă une tempĂ©rature supĂ©rieure Ă 20 °C est dĂ©duite de l'Ă©tude des isothermes de dĂ©croissance de la rĂ©sistivitĂ© Ă©lectrique qui en rĂ©sulte. Deux domaines d'accroissement linĂ©aire de l'Ă©nergie d'activation apparente Ea sont dĂ©finis en fonction de la tempĂ©rature de recuit : le premier dans le domaine de tempĂ©ratures oĂč l'alliage conserve son caractĂšre amorphe, le deuxiĂšme au-delĂ de 350 °C qui correspond Ă la prĂ©cipitation des phases cristallines
Ă propos dâun cas de cancer du pĂ©nis avec atteinte ganglionnaire iliaque pris en charge par radiothĂ©rapie et gemcitabine concomitante
International audiencePenile cancer is a rare entity with only 2000 new cases a year in the United States. Even though early stage penile cancer has an excellent prognosis, patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes have an overall 5-year survival rate under 10%. There is no consensus for the management of pelvic node-positive patients, although most guidelines are in favour of pelvic lymph node dissection for patients with two or more positive nodes, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. We describe here the case of a patient with numerous metastatic lymph nodes at diagnosis, treated with chemoradiation (66Gy with concurrent gemcitabine) after failure of first-line chemotherapy and still alive and disease-free 7 years after diagnosis
- âŠ