Guest Editorial

Paediatric perioperative morbidity and mortalit

Evidence of temperature control on mesopelagic fish and zooplankton communities at high latitudes

Across temperate and equatorial oceans, a diverse community of fish and zooplankton occupies the mesopelagic zone, where they are detectable as sound-scattering layers. At high latitudes, extreme day-night light cycles may limit the range of some species, while at lower latitudes communities are structured by dynamic ocean processes, such as temperature. Using acoustic and oceanographic measurements, we demonstrate that latitudinal changes in mesopelagic communities align with polar boundaries defined by deep ocean temperature gradients. At the transition to cold polar water masses we observe abrupt weakening and vertical dispersion of acoustic backscatter of mesopelagic organisms, thereby altering the structure of the mesopelagic zone. In the Canadian Arctic, we used biological sampling to show that this boundary is associated with a significant change in the pelagic fish community structure. Rapid ocean warming projected at mesopelagic depths could shift these boundaries with far-reaching effects on ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycles

The Orphan Drug Act and the Development of Stem Cell-Based Products for Rare Diseases

The Orphan Drug Act encourages the development of products for rare diseases and conditions. Many conditions that stand to benefit from stem cell-based products are rare diseases. We address the Orphan Drug Act in relation to the development of stem cell-based products

The Teaching of Legislation in Canadian Law Faculties

Wade MacLauchlan: On behalf of Pierre Issalys, who serves as co- President of the Administrative Law Section of the Canadian Association of Law Teachers, and myself, I would like to welcome you to our annual section meeting. The subject which has been adopted for today\u27s meeting is: The Teaching of Legislation in Canadian Law Faculties . We have the good fortune to have as panelists three of the most experienced and vital teachers of Administrative Law in the country. Professors Terry Ison of Osgoode Hall Law School, Hudson Janisch of the University of Toronto and Pierre-Andr6 Cot6 of l\u27Universit6 de Montr6al combine sixty years of teaching in various law faculties across Canada. Moreover, each has made his mark in specific areas related to legislation, Professor Ison in compensation schemes, particularly in workers\u27 compensation, Professor Janisch in the area of regulated industries and Professor Cot6 in statutory interpretation

Physician-Controlled Wire-Guided Cannulation of the Minor Papilla

Background. Minor papilla (MiP) cannulation is frequently performed using specialized small-caliber accessories. Outcomes data for MiP cannulation with standard-sized accessories are lacking. Methods. This is a case series describing MiP cannulation outcomes in consecutive patients treated by two endoscopists between July 2005 and November 2008 at two tertiary referral centers. MiP cannulation was attempted using a 4.4 Fr tip sphincterotome loaded with a 0.035″, 260 cm hydrophilic-tip guidewire, using a wire-guided technique under physician control. Results. 25 patients were identified (14 women, mean age 45). Procedure indications included recurrent acute pancreatitis in 16 patients (64%) and chronic pancreatitis in 2 (8%), among other indications. MiP cannulation was successful in 24 patients (96%). Sphincterotomy followed by pancreatic stent placement was performed in 21 patients (84%). Mild post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 3 patients (12%). Conclusion. Physician-controlled wire-guided MiP cannulation using a 4.4 Fr sphincterotome and 0.035″ guidewire is an effective and safe technique

Nucleosynthesis imprints from different Type Ia Supernova explosion scenarios and implications for galactic chemical evolution

We analyze the nucleosynthesis yields of various Type Ia supernova explosion simulations including pure detonations in sub- Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, double detonations and pure helium detonations of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs with an accreted helium envelope, a violent merger model of two white dwarfs and deflagrations as well as delayed detonations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. We focus on the iron peak elements Mn, Zn and Cu. To this end, we also briefly review the different burning regimes and production sites of these elements as well as the results of abundance measurements and several galactic chemical evolution studies. We find that super-solar values of [Mn/Fe] are not restricted to Chandrasekhar mass explosion models. Scenarios including a helium detonation can significantly contribute to the production of Mn, in particular the models proposed for calcium-rich transients. Although Type Ia supernovae are often not accounted for as production sites of Zn and Cu, our models involving helium shell detonations can produce these elements in super-solar ratios relative to Fe. Our results suggest a re-consideration of Type Ia supernova yields in galactic chemical evolution models. A detailed comparison with observations can provide new insight into the progenitor and explosion channels of these events.Comment: 15 paged, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Orientation of the Stripe Formed by the Two-Dimensional Electrons in Higher Landau Levels

Effect of periodic potential on the stripe phase realized in the higher Landau levels is investigated by the Hartree-Fock approximation. The period of the potential is chosen to be two to six times of the fundamental period of the stripe phase. It is found that the stripe aligns perpendicularly to the external potential in contrast to a naive expectation and hydrodynamic theory. Charge modulation towards the Wigner crystallization along the stripe is essential for the present unexpected new result.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex, two figures included in the tex

An atlas of 2.4 to 4.1 microns ISO/SWS spectra of early-type stars

We present an atlas of spectra of O- and B-type stars, obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) during the Post-Helium program of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). This program is aimed at extending the Morgan & Keenan classification scheme into the near-infrared. Later type stars will be discussed in a seperate publication. The observations consist of 57 SWS Post-Helium spectra from 2.4 to 4.1 microns, supplemented with 10 spectra acquired during the nominal mission with a similar observational setting. For B-type stars, this sample provides ample spectral converage in terms of subtype and luminosity class. For O-type stars,the ISO sample is coarse and therefore is complemented with 8 UKIRT L'-band observations. In terms of the presence of diagnostic lines, the L'-band is likely the most promising of the near-infrared atmospheric windows for the study of the physical properties of B stars. Specifically, this wavelength interval contains the Brackett alpha, Pfund gamma, and other Pfund lines which are probes of spectral type, luminosity class and mass loss. Here, we present simple empirical methods based on the lines present in the 2.4 to 4.1 microns interval that allow the determination of: the spectral type of B dwarfs and giants to within two subtypes; the luminosity class of B stars to within two classes; the mass-loss rate of O stars and B supergiants to within 0.25 dex.Comment: 19 pages, 11 Postscript figures, accepted by A&