Global Methodology for Soil Behavior Identification and its Application to the Study of Site Effects

Though it is now admitted that non-linear modeling of soil behavior is necessary to represent some important aspects of the soil response under strong ground motion (for example, irreversible settlements and pore-pressure build-up), the elastoplastic models are not yet used in the everyday design processes. One of the obstacles is the difficulty to identify the models’ parameters. A methodology to identify the soil mechanical parameters is presented and applied to an elastoplastic model. The strategy is based on the use of minimum physical and easily measurable parameters. The key parameter necessary for characterizing the clay is its Liquidity Limit, while for the sand, the grain size distribution plays an important role. Once the methodology presented and validated comparing the response of the model’s response with the available data from the literature, the methodology is used to study the seismic response of the Mexico site

The collection of type specimens of the families Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) hosted in the Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Spain

Coŀlecció d’exemplars tipus de les famílies Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae i Staphylinidae dipositats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Espanya. S’ha organitzat, revisat i documentat la coŀlecció d’espècimens tipus de les famílies Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae i Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) diposi-tats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. La coŀlecció està constituïda per 130 exemplars tipus, amb un total de 66 tàxons. Cal destacar-ne el gran nombre existent d’espècies hipogees de la família Staphylini-dae a causa de les descripcions d'Henri Coiffait i Francesc Español. En aquest treball es facilita tota la in-formació disponible relacionada amb els espècimens tipus, incloent-hi per a cada taxó, espècie o subespècie la situació taxonòmica original i l’actual, la citació original del material tipus, la transcripció exacta de les etiquetes originals i l’estat de conservació dels exemplars. A més a més, es comenten les diferències existents entre la descripció original i l’etiqueta. Quan s’han produït canvis taxonòmics a l’espècie, s’inclou la bibli-ografia corresponent a l’apartat de referències.The type collection of the families Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) deposited in the Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Spain, has been organised, revised and documented. It contains 130 type specimens belonging to 66 different taxa. Of note is the presence of a considerable number of hypogean species of the Staphylinidae family thanks to the descriptions by Enri Coiffait and Francesc Español. In this paper we provide all the available information related to these type specimens, so for any single taxon, species or subspecies, the following information is given: the original and current taxo-nomic status, original citation of type materials, exact transcription of original labels, and preservation con-dition of specimens. Moreover, the differences between original descriptions and labels are discussed. When a taxonomic change has occurred, the references that examine those changes are included following the description of the taxa.Colección de ejemplares tipo de las familias Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae y Staphylinidae depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona, España. Se ha organizado, revisado y documentado la colección de especímenes tipo de las familias Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Hydraenidae y Staphylinidae (Coleop-tera) depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona. La colección está constituida por 130 ejemplares tipo, con un total de 66 taxones. Hay que destacar el gran número existente de especies hipogeas de la familia Staphylinidae debido a las descripciones de Henri Coiffait y Francesc Español. En este trabajo se facilita toda la información disponible relacionada con los especímenes tipo. Así, para cualquier taxón, especie o subespecie, se incluye la siguiente información: la situación taxonómica original y la actual, la cita original del material tipo, la transcripción exacta de las etiquetas originales y el estado de conservación de los ejemplares. Además, se comentan las diferencias existentes entre la descripción original y la etiqueta. Cuando se han producido cambios taxonómicos en la especie, se incluye la bibliografía correspondiente en el apartado de referencias

The collection of type specimens belonging to the subfamily Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in the Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Spain

Col·lecció d’exemplars tipus de la subfamília Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) dipositats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Espanya S’ha organitzat, revisat i documentat la col·lecció d’espècimens tipus de la subfamília Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) dipositats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. La coŀlecció està constituïda per 438 exemplars tipus, amb un total de 140 tàxons. Hi destaca la presència d’un gran nombre d’espècies de la subfamília descrites per Francesc Español, Maurice Antoine, Zoltán Kaszab i Carlo Koch. En aquest treball es facilita tota la informació disponible relacionada amb els espècimens tipus, incloent-hi per a cada taxó, espècie o subespècie la situació taxonòmica original i l’actual, la citació original del material tipus, la transcripció exacta de les etiquetes originals i l’estat de conservació dels exemplars. A més a més, es comenten les diferències existents entre la descripció original i l’etiqueta. Quan s’han produït canvis taxonòmics en l’espècie, s’inclou la bibliografia corresponent a l’apartat de referències.The type collection of the subfamily Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) deposited in the Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Spain, was organised, revised and documented. The collection contains 438 type specimens representing 140 different taxa. Of note is a considerable number of species belonging to a subfamily described by Francesc Español, Maurice Antoine, Zoltán Kaszab and Carlo Koch. In this paper we provide all the available information relating to these type specimens and for all taxa (species or subspecies) we give the following information: original and current taxonomic status, original citation of type material, the exact transcription of the original label, and the pres-ervation condition of the specimen. We also discuss the differences between the original descriptions and labels. If a taxonomic change has occurred, the references describing those changes are included at the end of the description.Colección de ejemplares tipo de la subfamilia Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona, España Se ha organizado, revisado y documentado la colección de especímenes tipo de la subfamilia Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona. La colección está constituida por 438 ejemplares tipo, con un total de 140 taxones. Debe destacarse la presencia de un gran número de especies de la subfamilia descritas por Francesc Español, Maurice Antoine, Zoltán Kaszab y Carlo Koch. En este trabajo se facilita toda la información disponible relacionada con los especímenes tipo. Así para cualquier taxón, especie o subespecie, se incluye la siguiente información: la situación taxonómica original y la actual, la cita original del material tipo, la transcripción exacta de las etiquetas originales y el estado de conservación de los ejemplares. Además, se comentan las diferencias existentes entre la descripción original y la etiqueta. Cuando se han producido cambios taxonómicos en la especie, en el apartado de referencias se incluye la bibliografía correspondiente

The collection of type specimens belonging to the superfamilies Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (except Tenebrionidae family), Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) hosted in the Natural

Col·lecció d’exemplars tipus de les superfamílies Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (excepte la família Tenebrionidae), Chrysomeloidea i Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) dipositats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Espanya S’ha organitzat, revisat i documentat la col·lecció d’espècimens tipus de les superfamílies Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (excepte la família Tenebrionidae), Chrysomeloidea i Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) dipositats al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. La col·lecció està constituïda per 533 exemplars tipus, amb un total de 170 tàxons. Cal destacar la presència d’un gran nombre d’espècies de diferents famílies descrites per Francesc Español i de la família Curculionidae descrites per Manuel González. En aquest treball es facilita tota la informació disponible relacionada amb els espècimens tipus, incloent-hi per a cada taxó, espècie o subespècie la situació taxonòmica original i l’actual, la cita original del material tipus, la transcripció exacta de les etiquetes originals i l’estat de conservació dels exemplars. A més a més, es comenten les diferències existents entre la descripció original i l’etiqueta. Quan s’han produït canvis taxonòmics en l’espècie, s’inclou la bibliografia corresponent a l’apartat de referències.The type collection of the superfamilies Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (except Tenebrionidae family), Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) deposited in the Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Spain, has been organised, revised and documented. It contains 533 type specimens belonging to 170 different taxa. Of note is the considerable number of species of different families described by Francesc Español, and  specimens from the Curculionidae family described by Manuel González. In this paper we provide all the available information related to these type specimens, giving  the following information for each taxon, species and subspecies: the original and current taxonomic status, original citation of type materials, exact transcription of original labels, and preservation condition of specimens. Moreover, the differences between original descriptions and labels are discussed. When a taxonomic change has occurred, the references that examine these changes are included at the end of the taxa description.Colección de ejemplares tipo de las superfamilias Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (excepto la familia Tenebrionidae), Chrysomeloidea y Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona, España Se ha organizado, revisado y documentado la colección de especímenes tipo de las superfamilias Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea (excepto la familia Tenebrionidae), Chrysomeloidea y Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) depositados en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona. Dicha colección está constituida por 533 ejemplares tipo, con un total de 170 taxones. Debe destacarse la presencia de un gran número de especies de diferentes familias descritas por Francesc Español y de la familia Curculionidae descritas por Manuel González. En este trabajo se facilita toda la información disponible relacionada con los especímenes tipo. Así para cualquier taxón, especie o subespecie, se incluye la siguiente información: la situación taxonómica original y la actual, la cita original del material tipo, la transcripción exacta de las etiquetas originales y el estado de conservación de los ejemplares. Además, se comentan las diferencias existentes entre la descripción original y la etiqueta. Cuando se han producido cambios taxonómicos en la especie, en el apartado de referencias se incluye la bibliografía correspondiente

HRC-I/Chandra X-ray observations towards sigma Orionis

Aims: We investigated the X-ray emission from young stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster (tau~3 Ma, d~385 pc) and its relation to mass, presence of circumstellar discs, and separation to the cluster centre by taking advantage of the superb spatial resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Methods: We used public HRC-I/Chandra data from a 97.6 ks pointing towards the cluster centre and complemented them with X-ray data from IPC/Einstein, HRI/ROSAT, EPIC/XMM-Newton, and ACIS-S/Chandra together with optical and infrared photometry and spectroscopy from the literature and public catalogues. On our HRC-I/Chandra data, we measured count rates, estimated X-ray fluxes, and searched for short-term variability. We also looked for long-term variability by comparing with previous X-ray observations. Results: Among the 107 detected X-ray sources, there were 70 cluster stars with known signposts of youth, two young brown dwarfs, 12 cluster member candidates, four field dwarfs, and two galaxies with optical-infrared counterpart. The remaining sources had extragalactic nature. Based on a robust Poisson-chi^2 analysis, nine cluster stars displayed flares or rotational modulation during the HRC-I observations, while other eight stars and one brown dwarf showed long-term X-ray flux variations. We constructed a cluster X-ray luminosity function from O9.5 (~18 Msol) to M6.5 (~0.06 Msol). We found: a tendency of early-type stars in multiple systems or with spectroscopic peculiarities to display X-ray emission, that the two detected brown dwarfs and the least-massive star are among the sigma Orionis objects with the highest L_X/L_J ratios, and that a large fraction of known classical T Tauri stars in the cluster are absent in this and other X-ray surveys. We concluded that dozens X-ray sigma Orionis stars and brown dwarfs are still to be detected [abridged].Comment: A&A, in pres

Evaluation of Solvent Efficacy of the Myrciaria Dubia (Camu-camu) Essential Oil in Root Canal Re-treatment Procedures: An In Vitro Study

Aim: To evaluate the solvent efficacy of an experimental substance based on the Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) essential oil in root canal re-treatment procedures. Materials and methods: Sixty polylactic acid tubes (PLA) were used and divided into five groups (distilled water, M. dubia oil (camu-camu), xylene, orange peel, and eucalyptus oil). In each group, 12 tubes were filled with a temporary restorative material (Coltosol®). The upper and the middle part were filled with gutta-percha. A total of 0.1 mL solvent was added depending on the study group and left for 5 minutes. Once the solvent was placed, the samples were taken to the Instron 3382 machine. The force used to penetrate the spreader into the 5 mm depth was recorded in Newton (N). The Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test were used for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® v.15.0 package. Results: We found significant statistical differences when comparing all solvents (p = 0.001), obtaining 14.02 N for the experimental substance. The results of the superficial dissolution depth and the force used to penetrate the spreader to 5 mm revealed that the M. dubia oil (camu-camu) was the solvent that significantly softened the gutta-percha the most (p < 0.05). These values were followed by xylene and orange peel oil. We also found that the solvent with the lowest efficacy was eucalyptus oil. Conclusion: The M. dubia (camu-camu) essential oil had more softening power than other solutions in the study. Clinical significance: The efficacy of the M. dubia (camu-camu) essential oil is relevant as it is a nonharmful solvent that would not harm the periapical tissue and would reduce the time of endodontic re-treatments procedures, which is beneficial for patients.Revisión por pare

Deep XMM-Newton observation of the Eta Chamaleontis cluster

The members of the Eta Chamaleontis cluster are in an evolutionary stage in which disks are rapidly evolving. It also presents some peculiarities, such as the large fraction of binaries and accretion disks, probably related with the cluster formation process. Its proximity makes this stellar group an ideal target for studying the relation between X-ray emission and those stellar parameters. The main objective of this work is to determine general X-ray properties of the cluster members in terms of coronal temperature, column density, emission measure, X-ray luminosity and variability. We also aim to establish the relation between the X-ray luminosity of these stars and other stellar parameters, such as binarity and presence of accretion disks. A study of flare energies for each flare event and their relation with some stellar parameters is also performed. We used proprietary data from a deep XMM-Newton observation pointed at the core of the Eta Chamaleontis cluster. Specific software for the reduction of XMM-Newton data was used for the analysis of our observation. For the detection of sources, we used the wavelet-based code PWDetect. General coronal properties were derived from plasma model fitting. We also determined variability of the Eta Chamaleontis members in the EPIC field-of-view. A total of six flare-like events were clearly detected in five different stars. For them, we derived coronal properties during the flare events and pseudo-quiescent state separately. In our observations, stars that underwent a flare event have higher X-ray luminosities in the pseudo-quiescent state than cluster members with similar spectral type with no indications of flaring, independently whether they have an accretion disk or not. Observed flare energies are typical of both pre-main and main-sequence M stars. We detected no difference between flare energies of stars with and without an accretion disk.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 12 pages, 30 individual figure

The magnetically-active, low-mass, triple system WDS 19312+3607

Aims: We investigated in detail the system WDS 19312+3607, whose primary is an active M4.5Ve star previously thought to be young (tau ~ 300-500 Ma) based on high X-ray luminosity. Methods: We collected intermediate- and low-resolution optical spectra taken with 2 m-class telescopes, photometric data from the $B$ to 8 mum bands, and eleven astrometric epochs with a time baseline of over 56 years for the two components in the system, G 125-15 and G 125-14. Results: We derived M4.5V spectral types for both stars, confirmed their common proper motion, estimated the heliocentric distance and projected physical separation, determined the galactocentric space velocities, and deduced a most-probable age older than 600 Ma. We discovered that the primary, G 125-15, is in turn an inflated, double-lined, spectroscopic binary with a short period of photometric variability of P ~ 1.6 d, which we associated to orbital synchronisation. The observed X-ray and Halpha emissions, photometric variability, and abnormal radius and effective temperature of G 125-15 AB indicate strong magnetic activity, possibly due to fast rotation. Besides, the estimated projected physical separation between G 125-15 AB and G 125-14 of about 1200 AU makes WDS 19312+3607 to be one of the widest systems with intermediate M-type primaries. Conclusions: G 125-15 AB is a nearby (d ~ 26 pc), bright (J ~ 9.6 mag), active spectroscopic binary with a single proper-motion companion of the same spectral type at a wide separation. They are thus ideal targets for specific follow-ups to investigate wide and close multiplicity or stellar expansion and surface cooling due to reduced convective efficiency.Comment: A&A, in pres

Intermittent voluntary wheel running promotes resilience to the negative consequences of repeated social defeat in mice

A novel approach to reduce the incidence of substance use disorders is to promote resilience to stress using environmental resources such as physical exercise. In the present study we test the hypothesis that Voluntary Wheel Running (VWR) during adolescence blocks the negative consequences of stress induced by intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD). Four groups of adolescent male C57BL/6 mice were employed in the experiment; two groups were exposed to VWR (1 h, 3 days/week) from postnatal day (PND) 21 until the first social defeat (PND 47), while the remaining two groups did not have access to activity wheels (controls). On PND 47, 50, 53 and 56 mice, who had performed VWR, were exposed to an episode of social defeat by a resident aggressive mouse (VWR+IRSD group) or allowed to explore an empty cage (VWR+EXPL group). The same procedure was performed with control mice that had not undergone VWR (CONTROL+IRSD and CONTROL+EXPL groups). On PND 57, all the mice performed the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Hole-Board, Social Interaction, Tail Suspension and Splash tests. After an interval of 3 weeks, all mice underwent a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure with 1 mg/kg of cocaine. Exposure to VWR prevented the negative consequences of social stress in the EPM, splash test and CPP, since the VWR+IRSD group did not display anxiety- or depression-like effects or the potentiation of cocaine reward observed in the Control+IRSD group. Our results support the idea that physical exercise promotes resilience to stress and represents an excellent target in drug abuse prevention. © 202

Brief maternal separation inoculates against the effects of social stress on depression-like behavior and cocaine reward in mice

Exposure to intermittent repeated social defeat (IRSD) increases the vulnerability of mice to the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. According to the “inoculation of stress” hypothesis, a brief period of maternal separation (MS) can provide protection against the negative effects of IRSD. The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a brief episode of MS prevents the subsequent short-term effects of IRSD on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and to explore its long-term effects on cocaine CPP in mice. Four groups of male C57BL/6 mice were employed; two groups were separated from their mother 6 h on postnatal day (PND) 9], while the other two groups were not (controls). On PND 47, 50, 53 and 56, mice that had experienced MS were exposed to social defeat in the cage of an aggressive resident mouse (MS + IRSD group) or were allowed to explore an empty cage (MS + EXPL group). The same procedure was performed with control mice that had not experienced MS (CONTROL + IRSD and CONTROL + EXPL groups). On PND57-58, all the mice performed the elevated plus maze and the hole-board, social interaction and splash tests. Three weeks after the last episode of defeat, all the mice underwent the CPP procedure with cocaine (1 mg/kg). Irrespective of whether or not MS had taken place, a reduction in open arms measures, dips, and social interaction was observed in mice that experienced IRSD. A higher latency of grooming and acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP were observed only in mice exposed to IRSD alone (CONTROL + IRSD). These results suggest that exposure to a brief episode of stress early in life increases the subsequent resilience of animals to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to cocaine. Copyright © 2022 Calpe-López, Martínez-Caballero, García-Pardo and Aguilar