Damping of very soft moving quarks in high-temperature QCD

We determine the analytic expression of the damping rates for very soft moving quarks in an expansion to second order in powers of their momentum in the context of QCD at high temperature. The calculation is performed using the hard-thermal-loop-summed perturbation scheme. We describe the range of validity of the expansion and make a comparison with other calculations, particularly those using a magnetic mass as a shield from infrared sensitivity. We discuss the possible occurrence of infrared divergences in our results and argue that they are due to magnetic sensitivity.Comment: 24 pages, REVTe

Tourisme et Croissance Inclusive au Bénin: Une Analyse d’Après l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive

Cette étude vise à examiner le type de relation entre tourisme et croissance inclusive au Bénin de 1995 à 2021 en utilisant comme variable dépendante, contrairement à plusieurs études,  l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive  (ISCI). En nous appuyant sur des données chronologiques, nous avons effectué des estimations à l'aide du Modèle Vectoriel à Correction d'Erreur (VECM), du test de causalité de Granger et du Modèle à Correction d'Erreur (MCE) sous STATA 15. Les résultats révèlent une relation significative positive entre le ratio des recettes touristiques réelles et l'Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive (ISCI), démontrant que le tourisme contribue à la croissance inclusive jusqu'à un certain seuil. En outre,  la nature bidirectionnelle de cette relation (entre tourisme et croissance inclusive) a été également mise en évidence.   This study aims to examine the type of relationship between tourism and inclusive growth in Benin from 1995 to 2021 using as a dependent variable, unlike several studies, the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI). Based on historical data, we carried out estimations using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the Granger causality test and the Error Correction Model (ECM) under STATA 15. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between the ratio of real tourism receipts and the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI), demonstrating that tourism contributes to inclusive growth up to a certain threshold. Furthermore, the bidirectional nature of this relationship (between tourism and inclusive growth) was also highlighted

Tourisme et Croissance Inclusive au Bénin: Une Analyse d’Après l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive

Cette étude vise à examiner le type de relation entre tourisme et croissance inclusive au Bénin de 1995 à 2021 en utilisant comme variable dépendante, contrairement à plusieurs études,  l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive  (ISCI). En nous appuyant sur des données chronologiques, nous avons effectué des estimations à l'aide du Modèle Vectoriel à Correction d'Erreur (VECM), du test de causalité de Granger et du Modèle à Correction d'Erreur (MCE) sous STATA 15. Les résultats révèlent une relation significative positive entre le ratio des recettes touristiques réelles et l'Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive (ISCI), démontrant que le tourisme contribue à la croissance inclusive jusqu'à un certain seuil. En outre,  la nature bidirectionnelle de cette relation (entre tourisme et croissance inclusive) a été également mise en évidence.   This study aims to examine the type of relationship between tourism and inclusive growth in Benin from 1995 to 2021 using as a dependent variable, unlike several studies, the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI). Based on historical data, we carried out estimations using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the Granger causality test and the Error Correction Model (ECM) under STATA 15. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between the ratio of real tourism receipts and the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI), demonstrating that tourism contributes to inclusive growth up to a certain threshold. Furthermore, the bidirectional nature of this relationship (between tourism and inclusive growth) was also highlighted

Tourisme et Croissance Inclusive au Bénin : Une Analyse d’Après l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive

Cette étude vise à examiner le type de relation entre tourisme et croissance inclusive au Bénin de 1995 à 2021 en utilisant comme variable dépendante, contrairement à plusieurs études, l’Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive (ISCI). En nous appuyant sur des données chronologiques, nous avons effectué des estimations à l'aide du Modèle Vectoriel à Correction d'Erreur (VECM), du test de causalité de Granger et du Modèle à Correction d'Erreur (MCE) sous STATA 15. Les résultats révèlent une relation significative positive entre le ratio des recettes touristiques réelles et l'Indice Synthétique de Croissance Inclusive (ISCI), démontrant que le tourisme contribue à la croissance inclusive jusqu'à un seuil donné. En outre, la nature bidirectionnelle de cette relation (entre tourisme et croissance inclusive) a été également mise en évidence. This study aims to examine the type of relationship between tourism and inclusive growth in Benin from 1995 to 2021 using as a dependent variable, unlike several studies, the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI). Based on historical data, we carried out estimations using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the Granger causality test and the Error Correction Model (ECM) under STATA 15. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between the ratio of real tourism receipts and the Synthetic Inclusive Growth Index (ISCI), demonstrating that tourism contributes to inclusive growth up to a given threshold. Furthermore, the bidirectional nature of this relationship (between tourism and inclusive growth) was also highlighted

Ultrasoft Quark Damping in Hot QCD

We determine the quark damping rates in the context of next-to-leading order hard-thermal-loop summed perturbation of high-temperature QCD where weak coupling is assumed. The quarks are ultrasoft. Three types of divergent behavior are encountered: infrared, light-cone and at specific points determined by the gluon energies. The infrared divergence persists and is logarithmic whereas the two others are circumvented.Comment: 16 page

Market access agreements for pharmaceuticals in Europe: diversity of approaches and underlying concepts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Market Access Agreements (MAA) between pharmaceutical industry and health care payers have been proliferating in Europe in the last years. MAA can be simple discounts from the list price or very sophisticated schemes with inarguably high administrative burden.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>We distinguished and defined from the health care payer perspective three kinds of MAA: Commercial Agreements (CA), Payment for Performance Agreements (P4P) and Coverage with Evidence Development (CED). Apart from CA, the agreements assumed collection and analysis of real-life health outcomes data, either from a cohort of patients (CED) or on per patient basis (P4P). We argue that while P4P aim at reducing drug cost to payers without a systematic approach to addressing uncertainty about drugs' value, CED were implemented provisionally to reduce payer's uncertainty about value of a medicine within a defined time period.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>We are of opinion that while CA and P4P have a potential to reduce payers' expenditure on costly drugs while maintaining a high list price, CED address initial uncertainty related to assessing the real-life value of new drugs and enable a final HTA recommendation or reimbursement and pricing decisions. Further, we suggest that real cost to health care payers of drugs in CA and P4P should be made publicly available in a systematic manner, to avoid a perverse impact of these MAA types on the international reference pricing system.</p

Infrared Behavior of High-Temperature QCD

The damping rate \gamma_t(p) of on-shell transverse gluons with ultrasoft momentum p is calculated in the context of next-to-leading-order hard-thermal-loop-summed perturbation of high-temperature QCD. It is obtained in an expansion to second order in p. The first coefficient is recovered but that of order p^2 is found divergent in the infrared. Divergences from light-like momenta do also occur but are circumvented. Our result and method are critically discussed, particularly regarding a Ward identity obtained in the literature. When enforcing the equality between \gamma_t(0) and \gamma_l(0), a rough estimate of the magnetic mass is obtained. Carrying a similar calculation in the context of scalar quantum electrodynamics shows that the early ultrasoft-momentum expansion we make has little to do with the infrared sensitivity of the result.Comment: REVTEX4, 55 page

Drug utilization, safety, and effectiveness of exenatide, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin for type 2 diabetes in the real world: Data from the Italian AIFA Anti-diabetics Monitoring Registry

AbstractBackground and aimsIn Italy, the reimbursed use of incretin mimetics and incretin enhancers was subject to enrollment of patients into a web-based system recording the general demographic and clinical data of patients. We report the utilization data of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in clinical practice as recorded by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) Monitoring Registry.Methods and resultsFrom February 2008 to August 2010, 75,283 patients with type 2 diabetes were entered into the registry and treated with exenatide, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin. The treatment was administered to patients in a wide range of ages (≥75 years, n = 6125 cases), body mass index (BMI) (≥35 kg/m2, n = 22,015), and metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 11% ((96 mmol/mol), n = 3151). Overall, 1116 suspected adverse drug reactions were registered, including 12 cases of acute pancreatitis (six on exenatide). Hypoglycemic episodes mainly occurred in combination with sulfonylureas. Treatment discontinuation for the three drugs (logistic regression analysis) was negatively associated with the male gender and positively with baseline HbA1c, diabetes duration, and, limitedly to DPP-4 inhibitors, with BMI. Treatment discontinuation (including loss to follow-up, accounting for 21–26%) was frequent. Discontinuation for treatment failure occurred in 7.7% of cases (exenatide), 3.8% (sitagliptin), and 4.1% (vildagliptin), respectively, corresponding to 27–40% of all discontinuations, after excluding lost to follow-up. HbA1c decreased on average by 0.9–1.0% (9 mmol/mol). Body weight decreased by 3.5% with exenatide and by 1.0–1.5% with DPP-4 inhibitors.ConclusionsIn the real world of Italian diabetes centers, prescriptions of incretins have been made in many cases outside the regulatory limits. Nevertheless, when appropriately utilized, incretins may grant results at least in line with pivotal trials

Preliminary results of a study of magnetic properties in the Foum-Zguid dyke (Morocco)

This work focuses on the study of flow and propagation of magma using rock magnetic analyses along sections across the thick Jurassic dyke of Foum-Zguid (Southern Morocco). Thermomagnetic data show that Ti-poor titanomagnetite is the main magnetic carrier. Petrographic analysis shows that the main Ti phase (ilmenite) occurs either as lamellae within spinel (center of the dyke) or as isolated grains (dyke margin). Bulk magnetic properties display distinct behavior according to the distance to the dyke margin; grain size of the main magnetic carrier decreases towards the center of the dyke, while the natural remanent magnetization and the bulk magnetic susceptibility increase. Only the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid close to the dyke margin corresponds to that usually found in thin dykes, with the magnetic foliation sub parallel to dyke margins. Maximum principal axis is in most cases either parallel or perpendicular to the intersection between the planes of magnetic foliation and dyke wall. Moreover, when this axis is perpendicular to the intersection it is associated with a more oblate magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid shape, indicating the presence of complex magnetic fabrics. The studied magnetic properties show that, in this 100 m wide thick dyke, flow structures related with dyke propagation are only preserved close to the quickly cooled dyke margins. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The effect of carbon-nanofiber and hydrated lime on weak soil stability

The vast amount of waste cooking oil (WCO) has invited odds effects on the environment when disposed of improperly. Incorporating waste materials into asphalt mixture is common practice these days as it minimizes the amount of waste material as well as improves the performance of the mixture. WCO is known for its natural fluidity characteristics, wherein affecting good cracking performance at low temperature, yet indicate poor rutting resistance at high temperature. Plus, less strength in porous asphalt has worsened the rutting condition. Hence, pretreatment of WCO is suggested before the modification was done. In this study, WCO is being treated with chemical treatment of the transesterification process. Then, the modified binder of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% untreated and treated WCO were tested with physical testing of penetration and softening point temperature. Later, a similar percentage of untreated and treated WCO were incorporated into porous asphalt mixture to analyze the mechanical performance of Marshall Stability, Flow and Stiffness. The result of porous asphalt mixture with 10% treated WCO showed an improvement in Marshall Stability, Flow and Stiffness. It can be concluded, samples with treated WCO indicated remarkable performance in terms of physical and mechanical evaluation, owing to similar polarity which enhances good interaction bonding that strengthens the asphalt mixture