实测端元光谱和多光谱图像之间的模拟与细分

地物光谱特性是遥感应用的基础。本文以渭干河－库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区，首先选取裸土、植被两类地物作为研究对象，通过TM 传感器的光谱响应函数，实现了将野外实测端元光谱拟合为多光谱离散光谱。其次在对TM 图像的光谱波段进行细分的基础上，利用光谱知识库的数据支持来模拟获取具有更高光谱分辨率的细分光谱光学遥感图像，深入开展两种尺度相互转换的研究。结果表明：一、拟和的多光谱与TM 像元光谱具有很好的相关性，在此基础上，采用线性算法建立端元光谱与遥感图像像元光谱的转换模型，实现了从实测端元光谱尺度向遥感多光谱像元尺度的定量光谱转换，为遥感定量分析奠定了一定基础。二、细分光谱模拟图像的方法能够较为可靠的模拟出真实高光谱分辨率图像的信息，模拟方法可信，达到了推广和验证的效果

渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土地利用覆被时空变化遥感研究

土地利用/覆被变化( LUCC) 是全球变化研究的重要核心问题之一，选择干旱区典型绿洲新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为研究靶区，利用1989 年、2001 年、2006 年和2010 年的同期遥感影像数据，借助RS 和GIS 技术，对绿洲土地覆盖变化信息进行定量提取和分析。结果表明: ①1989—2001 年，各类地物面积呈现五增二减的趋势: 耕地、林地、中度盐渍地、水体和其他均有所增加; 而轻度盐渍地和重度盐渍地有所减少; 2001—2006 年，呈现四增三减的趋势: 耕地，轻度盐渍地，中度盐渍地和重盐渍地均有所增加; 林地、水体和其他均有所减少; 2006—2010 年，呈现四增三减的趋势: 中度盐渍地，重度盐渍地、水体和其他均有所增加; 耕地、林地、轻度盐渍地均有所减少。②随着时间的推移，各类地物的重心均有所偏移。其中水体的重心于1989—2001 年间向北迁移的距离最远，为23． 12 km; 同期重度盐渍地重心迁移距离次之，为22． 04 km。林地的重心于1989—2001 年间逐年向西南方向迁移，并且迁移的距离逐年增大，中度盐渍地重心总体向西北方向偏移。③21 年间，Shannon 多样性指数、Shannon 均匀度指数均呈稳步增加的趋势，景观的异质性程度呈现上升趋势; 聚集度差异不大，集中在78 到85 之间，说明斑块类型连接程度较高。1989—2006 年，分维数增加，研究区的土地利用景观格局愈来愈复杂，人类干扰程度在不断增强;2006—2010 年，分维数略有所下降，景观格局略有所改善。总之， 21 年间渭-库地区各类型土地利用情况变化显著，不仅各土地覆盖类型间面积转换频繁，而且土地利用景观格局发生了很大的变化。该研究确定了土地利用/土地覆被的时空变化规律，分 析驱动因子，提出改良建议，研究结果对西部干旱区绿洲的环境演变和可持续发展研究具有现实意义，也是对全球变化研究的重要补充

Kinetic Study of Hydrothermal Stripping from Iron-Loaded Organic Phase

The iron-loaded organic phase of naphthenic acid-isooctyl alcohol-kerosene was prepared, and the process kinetics of hydrothermal stripping of iron from the phase was studied. Several factors affecting hydrothermal stripping, such as the polymer of naphthenic acid, initial concentrations of iron and naphthenic acid, temperature and agitation time, were investigated, and based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, two kinetic models were established.The stripping rate equation suggests that the hydrothermal stripping process activation energy is 96.4 kJ·mol-1 and the stripping is controlled by hydrolysis of naphthenic complex of iron. The values calculated by the stripping fraction equation comparatively accord with the experimental data

新疆公路自然区划及环境参数的研究

本项目系统地建立了公路三级自然区划的分区体系,发展和完善了公路自然区划的理论体系;提出了综合因素区域主导标志法,丰富了公路自然区划方法论;首次建立了与公路建设相关的综合自然因素图集,使公路自然区划更具科学性;揭示了干旱区山盆体系下的公路工程区域分异规律,增强了区划的实用性;提出了新疆常见地产材料的设计参数;编制了指导公路建设的《新疆公路自然区划指南》。公路自然区划作为指导公路建设的基本资料,对推动公路建设、减少资金浪费、合理设计有着重要的意义;能为公路建设前期工作提供必要的依据和参数;为修订国家标准、规范体系提供技术性参考与借鉴

塔里木河中游典型绿洲盐渍化土壤的反射光谱特征[J]

研究盐渍化土壤的光谱特性是利用遥感技术实现在区域尺度上进行土壤盐渍化监测和评价的工作基础,是建立地面数据和遥感数据关系的桥梁。本文以塔里木河中游典型绿洲——渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究对象,采用光谱学技术以及多元统计相结合的方法,研究干旱区典型绿洲盐渍化土壤的反射光谱特征。首先,对光谱数据进行预处理(去噪、剔除水分吸收波段),以便消除仪器本身噪声及外界条件的影响,并且计算了部分盐渍地样本的光谱吸收特征参数,说明相同程度的盐渍化土壤具有相似的吸收特征;其次,研究盐渍化土壤的反射光谱与盐分因子(八大离子、电导率(EC)、含盐量(salt content)、pH、总溶解固体(TDS)等)之间的关系..

荒漠地区公路建设环境保护与生态恢复技术

《荒漠地区公路建设环境保护与生态恢复技术》项目组通过资料收集、理论分析、室内外试验和工程实践,系统开展了荒漠地区公路建设与自然环境相互影响、荒漠地区公路建设的生态环境敏感性、荒漠地区公路建设环境保护与生态恢复技术集成以及典型区域公路建设环保与生态建设示范四方面研究,取得了如下主要创新性成果： 1．分析揭示了荒漠地区公路与环境的相互影响关系,建立了公路建设环境保护与生态恢复的基础平台。 2. 提出了荒漠地区公路路域生态功能重要性、环境敏感性和景观类型区划的原则与方法,建立了相应的区划体系。 3．构建了荒漠地区公路路域生态修复技术评价指标体系和评价数学模型。 4．提出了荒漠..

塔里木河流域中游渭干河—库车河绿洲盐渍土水盐信息光谱特征研究/Study on Water-Salt Information and Spectral Characteristics of Saline Soil in the Weigan and Kuqa River Delta Oasis of the Middle Reaches of Tarim River[J]

土壤水分、盐分时空变异强,是影响土壤光谱特征的两个重要因素.土壤水分与盐分之间的关系以及土壤水分、盐分与土壤光谱特征间的关系直接关系到利用遥感光谱信息监测土壤盐渍化的精度.该文运用多元统计学及可见光—近红外反射光谱分析方法对2010年10月渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲盐渍土水分、盐分数据和盐渍土野外光谱数据进行分析,探讨该绿洲盐渍土表层(0～10 cm)水盐信息与野外光谱特征间的关系.结果表明:1)土壤水分和土壤电导率可用Cubic曲线拟合,相关系数R=0.8503,土壤盐分和土壤电导率也可用Cubic曲线拟合,相关系数R=0.842,但土壤水分与盐分之间的显著性较弱,相关系数R=0.74.2)与原始野外光谱相比,包络线消除后光谱波段与土壤水分和土壤电导率之间的Pearson相关性都有不同程度的提高,利用包络线消除法后的波段分别建立盐渍土土壤水分、土壤电导率后向回归预测方程,为动态水盐条件下的盐渍土遥感监测提供了理论依据

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel