Study on Subjects in Loss and Damage of Goods Cases in Transportation by Sea:and legislative proposals to maritime law PRC

在国际贸易往来兴旺发达的现今社会，海上运输做为最经济实惠的运输方式，在货物的流转过程中发挥着重大的作用。同时航运业又是风险系数比较高的行业，因此货损货差在航运过程中频繁发生。我国作为货主国家，货损货差发生后，若货主不能通过诉讼有效地维护其自身利益，必然极大的损害到我国广大货主的利益，并进而对制造业和贸易业造成不利影响。但是，在我国海商法下，由于对主体规定的不完善，导致在司法实践中，各级法院在货损货差诉讼中，对有索赔权的主体以及应承担责任的主体的认定各不相同，判决依据亦不同。鉴于此，笔者认为有必要对货损货差案件的主体作一个梳理，并就其中相关问题进行研究。本文除了前言和结论，分为三章：第一章，阐述...Nowadays international trade is quite flourishing, and transportation by sea plays as the most convenient and favorable manner in the international trade. But there are high risks since loss and damage of goods often occurs in the transportation by sea. If consignors can not protect their interest by lawsuit when it happens, their will be greatly harmed, what’s more, the commerce and manufacturing...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：20040803

Climatic Long Term Trend and Prediction of the Wind Energy Resource in the Gwadar Port

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA-Interim海表10m风场资料，计算巴基斯坦瓜达尔港的风能资源近36年(1979—2014年)期间的历史变化趋势，并利用线性回归和BP神经网络两种方法，对该港的风能资源进行长期年度预测，得到以下结果。1)瓜达尔港夏季的风能资源比冬季丰富，且夏季的稳定性明显好于冬季。2)近36年期间，风能密度、有效风速频率和100W/m2以上能级频率分别以?0.78W/(m2·a)，?0.21%/a和?0.22%/a的速度逐年显著递减，且该趋势主要体现在夏季，冬季无显著变化趋势；风能资源的稳定性(变异系数、月变化指数和季节变化指数)无显著变化趋势。3)从预测值来看，瓜达尔港的风能资源在2015年与多年平均状态持平，2016年则趋于更丰富；2015—2016年，风能资源的稳定性比多年平均状态略差。研究结果可以为“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设以及中国海域的岛礁和港口建设提供依据和参考

A Study on the Economic Compensation System for Competitive Restriction

竞业限制经济补偿是劳动法中衡平用人单位与劳动者之间利益的重要制度。本文对竞业限制经济补偿制度的基本理论展开研究，并通过与国外相关立法和司法的比较，以期为我国竞业限制经济补偿制度的完善提供学理建议。 除前言和结语外，本文共分三章，主要内容如下： 第一章为竞业限制经济补偿的基本理论。本章阐述了竞业限制经济补偿的定义及其构成要件。作为劳动者承担竞业限制义务的对价，竞业限制经济补偿以实现社会利益最大化为理论基础，亦能满足社会现实的需求。 第二章选取英国、美国、德国和法国为代表，重点介绍了四个国家关于竞业限制经济补偿的先进经验，以此为我国竞业限制经济补偿制度的建构提供借鉴。英美法对竞业限制协议有效...The Economic Compensation for Competitive Restriction is an important mechanism that balances the interests between the employment unit and the employee. As to provide some theoretical suggestion on improving the Economic Compensation system for Competitive Restriction in China, This article carries out research on the basic theory of the Economic Compensation system for Competitive Restriction, a...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X201012009

Research and Design of College Curricula Arrangement System

高校课程编排是高等院校教务管理中一项重要而且繁重的工作。在学校招生规模逐渐增大的情况下，原有的排课系统已经不能满足教务管理的需求，迫切需要一个设计良好的排课系统来完成教务管理工作。课程编排，实质上就是合理地分配时间资源、教室资源以及教师资源的过程，其中涉及教师、教室、时间和班级等多种因素。它是一个多因素的优化解决问题，是组合规划中的典型问题，已经被证明为一个NP完全问题。 本文依托于厦门理工学院课程编排的需求，针对原有排课系统存在的问题，研究和设计基于遗传算法的排课系统。遗传算法是一种借鉴生物界自然选择和进化机制发展起来的高度并行、自适应的随机搜索算法，是一种非常有效的解决NP完全组合问题的...Curriculum planning is an important and challenging task of educational administration in universities and colleges. With the expansion of student enrollment in universities and colleges, the original curriculum planning system faces many problems, failing to meet the needs of educational administration. Thus it is necessary to design a new system. Essentially, curriculum planning is the process o...学位：工程硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院自动化系_控制工程学号：X200522304

“工程”与“工程师”词源考略

汉语"工程"与"工程师"的基本词义具有丰富的历史内涵。本文在梳理经典文献资料的基础上指出,在西学传入之前,汉语中的"工程"一词的基本内涵已延续至今;清末自强运动时期,"工师"等传统称谓及"工程司"等新词汇曾与受西学影响而出现的"工程师"一词并行一时,直至在20世纪前后随着工程事业的建制化,才逐步被后者取代

Insecticidal Activity for Benzaldehyde L-Cysteine Schiff Base Combined with Xylosma Wood Vinegar

木醋碱杀虫剂是一种基于木炭副产物木醋液的绿色杀虫剂,是将精馏木醋液、苯甲醛L-半胱氨酸席夫碱、水杨酸按照一定比例配制而成的.以酪氨酸酶筛选模型研究了苯甲醛L-半胱氨酸席夫碱、精馏木醋液、木醋碱杀虫剂对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用,其导致酪氨酸酶活性的半抑制质量浓度(IC50)分别为15,2.53,0.53 mg/m L.探讨了木醋碱杀虫剂对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)幼虫的杀虫活性,结果表明木醋碱杀虫剂中苯甲醛L-半胱氨酸席夫碱质量浓度达到15 mg/m L时即可对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、玉米螟二龄幼虫达到很好的杀灭效果.急性毒理实验表明木醋碱杀虫剂实际无毒.慢性毒理研究按照3 g/kg给药量连续灌胃3个月,昆明小鼠的肝脏和肾脏并不存在毒理性变化,表明木醋碱杀虫剂没有慢性毒性.综上所述,木醋碱杀虫剂不仅对酪氨酸酶有很好的抑制作用,还对小菜蛾、棉铃虫、玉米螟等常见农业害虫具有较强的毒杀活性,且实际无毒,具有良好的农业应用前景.The wood vinegar was based on by-product in the process of firing Xylosma charcoal.The wood vinegar base insecticide was a new green type insecticide.We mixed the rectificated wood vinegar,benzaldehyde L-cysteine Schiff base and salicylic acid to make the wood vinegar base insecticide proportionally.The inhibition on tyrosinase in screening model of benzaldehyde L-cysteine Schiff base,rectificated wood vinegar and the wood vinegar base insecticide were determined. The half maximal inhibitory concentration( IC50) were 15,2. 53,0. 53 mg/m L,respectively.Additionally,the insecticidal effects on Plutella xylostella,Pyrausta nubilalis and Helicoverpa armigera of wood vinegar base insecticide were investigated.The results showed that the wood vinegar base insecticide could effectively kill the second-stage juveniles of P.xylostella,P. nubilalis and H. armigera. The results showed that the wood vinegar base insecticide had insecticidal effect.The acute toxicological results showed that the wood vinegar base insecticide had no toxicity.In the chronic toxicological experiment,the group was given a gavage of 3 g / kg with the wood vinegar base insecticide in 3 months.We took the liver and kidney in paraffin section and HE staining after executing the Kunming mouse with cervical dislocation method.The results showed that the wood vinegar base insecticide had no chronic toxicity.In conclusion,the wood vinegar base insecticide could not only inhibit the tyrosinase acitivity,but also show good insecticidal effects on P. xylostella,P. nubilalis and H. armigera with low toxicity.The wood vinegar base insecticide had shown good application prospects in agricultural areas.国家自然科学基金(31371857

Environmental risk assessment of intensive animal production in Jiulong River Watershed

在G IS支持下采用养分收支平衡法对九龙江流域规模化生猪养殖的环境风险进行评价。规模化养殖污染负荷在不同类型养殖场的分配、空间分布规律以及规模化养殖的环境风险评价结果表明:规模化养猪业年产粪尿量达107万t,以小型规模化养殖场产生的污染负荷最高;整体来看,规模化生猪养殖的环境风险不大,但由于养殖场的地理分布集中,造成近郊区域规模化养殖的环境风险极高;由于过多施用化肥,中远郊规模化养殖粪尿未得到合理利用而流失。位于水系附近的养殖场对水体影响较大,根据“福建省畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法”,为减少规模化生猪养殖对九龙江水质的直接威胁,需搬迁主要支流沿岸1 km范围内的规模化养猪场250个。 【英文摘要】 With the rapid growth in the number and size of intensive livestock enterprises in China,livestock waste in a huge amount has become one of the main sources of water pollution.Environmental risk assessment of the intensive animal production in the Jiulong River Watershed was conducted with the aid of GIS and the nutrient balance method.The findings of the study of spatial distribution of pollution loads and the environmental risk assessment show that a total of 1 070 000 tons of manure is produced annually ...福建省重大科技攻关项目(2002H009

An investigation on the detection of pigments using shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on atomic layer deposition

以原子层沉积技术(ALD)制备出的壳层厚度为1; nm的Ag@Al_2O_3核壳纳米粒子为基底,采用壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱(SHINERS)技术对色素检测进行探究。对Ag@Al_2O_3粒; 子的最佳粒径、色素检出限做了研究,并对实际样品中日落黄和柠檬黄的色素添加进行SHINERS检测。结果表明,对日落黄和柠檬黄具有最佳SHINERS; 效果的Ag@Al_2O_3粒子的最佳粒径为300 nm,方法对日落黄和柠檬黄标准溶液的检出限分别为10 mug/L和100; mug/L,对液体饮料中日落黄和柠檬黄标准品的SHINERS检出限分别为10 mg/L和50; mg/L,对所选实际样品中部分样品的日落黄和柠檬黄添加不符合国家标准。This study investigated the detection of pigment based on Ag@Al_2O_3; core-shell nanoparticles with shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman; spectroscopy (SHINERS). The Ag@Al_2O_3 core-shell nanoparticles, which; shell thickness was 1 nm, was made by using atomic layer deposition; (ALD) technique. The study explored the best particle size of Ag@Al_2O_3; with best SHINERS effect and the SHINERS LOD of pigment. The method was; also applied to detect pigments in drink and food samples. The results; showed that the best size of Ag@Al_2O_3 nano particle with best SHINERS; effect of sunset yellow and lemon yellow was 300 nm, the SHINERS LOD of; standard solutions of sunset yellow and lemon yellow were 10 mug/L and; 100 mug/L,respectively,the SHINERS LODs of sunset yellow and lemon; yellow in drink were 10 mg/L and 50 mg/L,respectively, and sunset yellow; and lemon yellow in some of the selected real samples do not meet the; national standards.国家自然科学基金; 福建省自然科学基

Characteristics and trend of older men who have sex with men from 2010 to 2014 in Jiangsu province

目的:了解江苏省老年男男性行为(MSM)人群特征及变化趋势,为制定更有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用横断面调查对2010—2014年老年MSM进行监测,分析高危行为,HIV、梅毒感染状况的变化趋势。结果:共监测2010—2014年老年MSM 1 185例,浴池/桑拿/足疗/按摩等传统MSM活动场所所占比重从70.7%下降到29.3%,艾滋病相关知识知晓率、近6个月同性肛交发生率、同性肛交安全套坚持使用率分别从77.1%、55.4%、20.7%上升到91.2%、72.6%、38.5%,现症梅毒阳性率从21.7%下降到11.8%;性病、HIV阳性率未见明显下降趋势。结论:江苏老年MSM人群性活跃度高,安全套坚持使用率低,HIV阳性率维持高位。对这类人群应加强安全套推广,开展新的综合干预方式。Objective: To understand the characteristics and trend on HIV related high risk behaviors,HIV and syphilis prevalence among old men who have sex with men( MSM) in Jiangsu province from 2010 to 2014,so as to provide information for the development of intervention strategies for old MSM. Methods: Using cross sectional study,we sampled 1 185 old MSM between 2010 and 2014. We analyzed the trend on HIV related risk behaviors,HIV and syphilis prevalence. Results: The proportion of traditional sample sites,such as bath / sauna / massage room,decreased from 70. 7% to 29. 3%. The rate of knowledge,attitude,practice( KAP) related to HIV,anal sex in latest six months,and habitual condom use between old MSM increased from 77. 1%,55. 4%,20. 7% to91. 2%,72. 6%,38. 5% separately. The prevalence of syphilis decreased from 21. 7% to 11. 8%. There was no significant difference on the trend of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusions: The rates of sexually activity and HIV prevalence were pretty high,but the rate of habitual condom use was low in old MSM. Based on the results,condom use should be strengthened and new intervention measures should be developed