一种杀生剂耦合生石灰处理污泥的方法

一种杀生剂耦合生石灰处理污泥的方法，属于污泥处理技术领域。污泥中含有大量的微生物絮体，通过添加杀生剂和生石灰破坏菌胶团结构释放内部水，采用压滤技术可以达到污泥深度脱水的目的。采用该方法处理后泥饼含水率为40～60wt.%，满足污泥后续处理要求

Electrocatalytic Performance of Carbon Supported Ir Catalysts with Different Ir Loadings for Ammonia Oxidation

研究电流型电化学氨气传感器阳极碳载Ir(Ir/C)催化剂电催化NH3氧化性能.实验表明,在NaC lO4中性电解液中,Ir/C催化剂对NH3氧化的电催化性能与Ir载量有关.其中以Ir载量为10%(by m ass)的Ir/C催化剂的电催化性能最好,稳定性和灵敏度也最高.此外,NH3在不同载量的Ir/C催化剂上电催化氧化的电流密度与NH3浓度均呈现出良好的线性关系,此类Ir/C催化剂在电流型电化学氨气传感器中可望有良好的应用前景.The electrocatalytic performance of the Ir/C catalyst as the anodic catalyst in the amperometric and electrochemical NH3 sensor was investigated.The experimental results illustrated that in the NaClO4 neutral electrolyte,the electrocatalytic performance of the Ir/C catalyst for the NH3 oxidation is related to the Ir loading in the Ir/C catalyst.Among the Ir/C catalysts with different Ir loading,the best electrocatalytic activity,stability and sensitivity were achieved by the Ir/C catalyst with 10% Ir loadings.In addition,the current densities of the NH3 oxidation at the Ir/C catalysts with the different Ir loadings were linearly proportional to the NH3 concentration.The Ir/C catalyst has a potential application in the amperometric and electrochemical NH3 sensor.作者联系地址：南京师范大学江苏省生物功能材料重点实验室化学与环境科学学院;Author's Address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials,School of Chemistry andEnvironmental Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,Chin

中国被子植物濒危等级的评估

本文基于文献和标本信息收集以及专家提供的数据,运用IUCN濒危物种红色名录方法首次对中国范围内所有已知被子植物进行灭绝风险评估。结果显示,在评估的30,068种被子植物中,灭绝等级(含灭绝、野外灭绝、地区灭绝)共计40种;受威胁等级(极危、濒危、易危)3,363种,受威胁比例为11.18%。从空间分布看,我国受威胁被子植物主要集中分布在西南地区以及台湾、海南等岛屿,且主要分布在中低海拔地区。对受威胁物种的分析结果表明,包括原生植被破坏在内的生境丧失及破碎化是我国被子植物濒危的首要因子,涉及约84.1%的受威胁物种;过度采挖和物种内在系统问题位列致危因子的第二、三位,分别涉及38%和14%的物种。其他的致危因子包括外来入侵种在内的种间竞争、环境污染、自然灾害和全球气候变化等。一个物种的致危因子往往是多方面的。本次评估与2004年红色名录相比,生境变化、实施保护措施及分类学新修订使一些物种的濒危等级发生了变化,这也印证了红色名录是一个动态的系统,需要根据最新信息进行更新,以便为生物多样性保护提供实时准确的基础数据

中国高等植物受威胁物种名录

2008年,环境保护部和中国科学院联合启动了《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》的编制工作。通过这项工作,我们依据IUCN濒危物种红色名录标准对中国野生高等植物的濒危状况进行了全面评估,编制了中国高等植物红色名录。2013年9月,该名录以环境保护部、中国科学院第54号公告形式发布,即《中国生物多样性红色名录—

产量与经济效益共赢的高效生态农业模式:以弘毅生态农场为例

化学物质的大量投入以及元素不能循环导致农田生态系统退化,耕地质量和产量均呈下降趋势,食物链受到污染.本研究从低产田开始,通过秸秆养牛、腐熟牛粪还田恢复地力;以物理+生物方法控制虫害;以人工+机械管理杂草,停用农药、化肥和除草剂,同时不用地膜、人工合成激素、转基因种子生产优质安全食品,并在线上与线下销售.10年的长期实验结果表明,所在村庄农田生态环境改善,减少农药用量58.3%;物理+生物控虫效果明显,每盏灯年捕获量从2009年的33 kg下降到2014年的2.1 kg,下降93.8%;年消耗秸秆1000 t,秸秆利用率从1.1%提高到62.5%.有机肥还田提高了土壤生物多样性,有机果园蚯蚓数量317条m~(-2),而普通果园只有16条m~(-2);大量有机肥还田(75 t hm~(-2)),土壤有机质从实验初期的0.7%提高到2.4%.粮食产量从最初的11.43 t hm~(-2)提高到目前的17.43 t hm~(-2),其中冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)、夏玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)产量分别超出山东省平均水平42.6%,60.9%,32.2%和38.1%.由于质量好,产品已销售往除西藏以外的30个省、市、自治区,经济效益明显,平均每公顷效益是普通农田的3~5倍,带动所在村庄67户农民从事高效生态农业.本研究可为国家制定生态农业发展规划、精准扶贫、农村环境保护等提供科学依据

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel