准噶尔盆地“九五”油气勘探成果及勘探方向研究

“九五”期间，新疆油田公司坚决贯彻石油工业“稳定东部，发展西部”的战略方针，加快了准噶尔盆地油气勘探步伐，取得了丰硕的成果。共探明地质储量：石油4.5524×10^8t，天然气396.61×10^8m^3。油气当量合计4.8684×10^8t，年均探明油气当量合计9737×10^4t，确保了原油产量持续稳定增长。“九五”主要勘探研究进行了准噶尔盆地油气系统的精细研究，发现了大批多种类型的圈闭，基本查明油气成藏组合；总结了油气聚集规律，提出了“十五”勘探目标、勘探指导思想、勘探方针及勘探方向，“实现储量产量持续增长”、“强化科学决策与项目管理，促进勘探效益提高”等科学的策略、方针，为“九五”油气勘探计划的完成提供了保证

Public Emergency and Social Psychological Service System Construction ( Forum)

十九大报告中提出要&quot;加强社会心理服务体系建设&quot;。社会心理服务体系不仅是心理健康服务体系,更是一种社会治理体系。心理学研究成果既可以直接为民众提供心理服务,提高民众幸福感和积极心态,也可以为风险应对、公共突发事件防控提供有力的支持,辅助民众和政府部门做出更为理性的决策。新冠肺炎疫情给社会治理带来了新的挑战,也凸显了民众对心理学知识的需求与认同。随着社会心理服务体系的全面建设、新格局的显现,心理学各种功能将会充分展现于社会发展进程中。社会心理服务体系在后疫情时代将会整合资源发挥其完整功效,深度服务于国家治理体系和国家治理能力的现代化进程,为中国社会的进一步发展贡献更多的专业智慧。</p

不同降水梯度下草地生态系统地表能量交换

通过对不同降水梯度下的蒙古中部针茅草原(KBU)、内蒙古羊草草原(NM)、海北高寒灌丛草甸(HB)和当雄高寒草甸草原(DX)4个草地生态系统的能量通量连续4-5 a的测定,分析了影响青藏高原和蒙古高原草地生态系统生长季中地表能量交换的主要因素。研究表明:相对于KBU、NM和DX,HB高寒灌丛草甸NDVI(0.58)和土壤含水量(28.3%)最大,因而地表短波反射率(αk)最低(0.12),从而获得了最大的净辐射(Rn)。KBU、NM和DX 3个草地生态系统生长季中αk随着植被的生长而降低,在生长季末期,随着植被的凋落而增加;HB的αk季节变化趋势与其它生态系统相反。从蒙古高原(KBU和NM)到青藏高原(HB和DX),随着降水量的增加,波文比(β)逐渐减小(2.25-0.53),即生态系统与大气的能量交换从显热(H)占主导转变为潜热(LE)占主导。植被状况对草地生态系统与大气之间能量交换的季节动态有重要的调控作用,在NDVI较低的时候,4个生态系统H/Rn都大于LE/Rn,LE/Rn随着NDVI的增加而增加,而H/Rn呈现出与LE/Rn相反的季节变化趋势

塔里木河下游应急输水与生态改善监测评估研究

2000年4月-2003年10月，水利部成功地组织了向塔里木河下游五次应急输水以改善日益恶化的塔里木河生态环境。该项目通过建立起较完善的地表水、地下水、土壤水及植被生态监测体系，对五次应急输水进行了系统的监测；通过对监测资料及遥感资料的分析，结合对输水河段和渗流区的现场勘察，全面评价了五次应急输水的水环境及植被生态响应特征与改善效果。该项目借助河流动力学、地下水动力学及恢复生态学等相关学科的理论，在深入分析河道输水条件下地表水与地下水的转化、地下水位恢复与植被响应、植被响应与最佳输水方案三者之间关系的基础上，采用与地下水埋深相结合的样地调查方法和植物生理指标、“枯枝比”指标及 “解析枝”分析方法，得到了地下水埋深与植被恢复等级的量化关系，提出了地下水埋深4m为下游区生态恢复的目标控制水位；通过河道间歇输水对河道入渗系数的影响关系，建立了塔里木河下游河道间歇输水一维水流演进与水量消耗的转化关系模型及可视化三维地下水流数值模拟模型，通过对四种可能输水方案的预测分析，推荐了合理的输水路线、输水流量与输水时间；提出合理输水方案应是线状与面状输水相结合的方案，除依靠河道耗水2.26亿 m外，还需结合生态闸堰分流约1.14亿m，人工漫溢扩大生态改善面积；在此基础上，根据五次输水的实践经验，结合运用大系统优化理论，确定了分河段水量合理配置方案及相应的配套工程与非工程保障措施。该成果在即将进行的塔河下游第六次输水方案制定、塔里木河流域生态环境保护、塔里木河下游水土保持生态修复工程初步设计及塔里木河下游大西海子以下河道疏浚工程初步设计等方面得到了直接运用。该项目研究在干旱区受损生态系统输水、恢复与重建的理论体系与资源环境管理模式方面取得的重要创新，不但可为塔里木河流域综合治理提供强有力的技术支撑，并可为中国其他类似生态环境区域的保护提供理论和实践模式，在干旱区生态环境整治和荒漠化防治方面具有重要的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。该成果总体上达到国际先进水平

干旱区流域可持续水资源管理的理论及应用

针对国际水资源可持续管理前沿科学问题和我国干旱、半干旱区水资源管理重大需求,项目取得了具有里程碑性质的重大创新成果：在国际上率先提出了可持续水资源管理量化理论体系。在国际上建立了适用于无资料或少资料地区的干旱区分布式水文模型的新观点与新方法。在国内外率先总结提出水量-水质-生态耦合系统多箱模型方法。项目在国际著名干旱区塔里木河、黑河、博斯腾湖等流域的实际应用,创造了非常大的社会经济效益,证明具有很高的理论与实用价值,对可持续水资源管理做出了重要贡献。成果被中科院、清华大学、河海大学等国内外著名同行鉴定为国际领先水平,创造新疆科技进步鉴定最好水平

2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集

辐射是陆地生态系统能量的主要来源,其利用效率表现为光能利用率,反映了生态系统转化光能、生成有机物质的能力。揭示典型生态系统的辐射及光能利用效率可以为评估区域光能资源及其利用效率提供参考,也为评估区域有机物质固定能力及碳吸收能力提供依据。基于中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究联盟(China FLUX)的长期观测结果及已发表文献的公开数据,构建了2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集,包含51个生态系统126个站点年辐射、光能利用效率及吸收光能利用效率的观测记录。另外,本数据集还包含生态系统代码、年份、经度、纬度、海拔、生态系统类型、年均气温、年总降水量、年均CO2质量浓度、年均叶面积指数、最大叶面积指数等生物气候信息。本数据集可以为评估生态系统生产能力、应对气候变化等方面的研究提供数据支持

2000–2010年中国典型陆地生态系统实际蒸散量和水分利用效率数据集

蒸散是陆地生态系统水分循环和能量平衡的关键过程,水分利用效率是反映生态系统碳水循环间耦合关系的重要指标,二者在生态学、农学、水文学、气候学等多个学科中均具有重要的应用价值。涡度相关法被认为是现今唯一能直接测量生物圈与大气间物质与能量交换通量的标准方法,已成为生态系统尺度碳水交换通量观测的主要方法。本文通过整合中国陆地生态系统通量观测联盟(China FLUX)的长期观测数据和中国区域其他观测站点基于涡度相关法发表的文献数据,构建了一套中国典型陆地生态系统实际蒸散量和水分利用效率数据集。本数据集共有实际蒸散量数据记录143条、水分利用效率数据记录96条,涉及5种生态系统类型45个生态系统,时间跨度为2000–2010年。本数据集可以为陆地生态系统碳水循环、生态系统管理和评估、全球变化等相关领域的研究提供数据支持

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials