The Diagnosis of the Ancient Trees of Ficus microcarpa

通过对鼓浪屿古榕树的普查,选择其健康诊断的生长指标和生理指标,包括当年生枝叶、果实生长状况、叶绿素荧光等,对不同生长势的古榕树进行分析,旨在探讨基于生长指标与生理指标相结合的古榕树的健康诊断方法,为古榕树的养护与复壮提供依据。结果表明,生长指标与生理指标能较一致地指示古榕树的健康状况。因此,可通过生长指标与生理指标相结合的方法诊断古榕树的健康状况。Based on the general investigation and analysis of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa at Gulangyu by use of the growth indices and the physiological indices,such as the growth status of annual branches,leaves and fruits and the chlorophyll fluorescence,the diagnosis of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa with different growth vigor was discussed to provide evidence for their maintenance and rejuvenation.The results indicated that the growth indices and the physiological indices could consistently instruct the health status of the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa.Thus the diagnosis by the combination of the growth indices and the physiological indices could be applied to the ancient trees of Ficus microcarpa.鼓浪屿万石山国家级风景名胜区科技项目资助(GW2008

Effect of NaCl Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Two Manilkara Species Leaves

采用盆栽试验法,对铁线子属果树人心果[MAnIlkArA zAPOTA(l.)VAn rOyEn]和古巴牛乳树[MAnIlkArA rOXburgHIAnA(WIgHT)dubArd]进行nACl胁迫处理,测定叶片的叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)、过氧化物酶(POd)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等指标及盆土的实际盐度。结果表明,人心果在盐度1.98‰以内、古巴牛乳树在盐度2.42‰以内没有盐害;在nACl胁迫下,两树种的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;随着处理浓度增加,人心果叶片的SOd活性升高,各处理浓度下的活性都显著高于对照,但POd和CAT活性呈现先升后降趋势,古巴牛乳树叶片的CAT活性升高,但SOd和POd活性降低,三者活性在各处理浓度下都显著高于对照;人心果叶片的脯氨酸含量在各处理浓度均显著高于对照,可溶性蛋白含量在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,古巴牛乳树叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白在处理浓度为4‰及以上时显著高于对照,推测脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白作为渗透调节物质在人心果、古巴牛乳树受nACl胁迫过程中起着重要的作用。The physiological characteristics of Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen and Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard were studied by watering the potted plants with NaCl solution.The characteristics include chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein,SOD,POD,CAT and so on.The results showed that Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen grew well below 1.98‰ NaCl stress condition,so did Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard below 2.42‰ NaCl stress condition.Under NaCl stress,chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted;For Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen,the activity of the SOD increased,however the activity of POD or CAT increased first and then dropped.The content of proline was higher significantly than that of the control,so did the content of soluble protein when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.For Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard,the activity of CAT increased and that of SOD or POD decreased.The activities of the SOD,POD and CAT differed significantly from that of the control.The content of proline or soluble protein was higher than that of the control when the concentration of NaCl was between 4‰--8‰.The small organic molecules working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance for the two species.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

Development of viviparous hypocotyls of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

跟踪测定显胎生红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)胎生胚轴发育过程中的长度、密度、鲜重、干重、含水量、渗透势、五种主要无机渗透调节离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,Cl-)浓度及含量的变化.结果表明:木榄胚轴在发育过程中不断积累有机营养物质以及盐分,并在母树上完成渗透调节、器官形成等生理过程;可以将木榄繁殖体的发育过程划分为果期、生长活跃期和成熟期3个阶段;比较胚轴和生境中土壤、海水的理化指标,可以得出木榄胚轴的密度、渗透势以及盐分水平的变化是以适应母树所处的高盐和周期性海水浸淹生境为目标;探讨了木榄胎生现象的生理生态学意义及适应方式.Hypocotylsof Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were collected at various stages of development while still on the parent plant.Length,density,fresh weight,dry weight,water content,osmotic potential,ions concentrations and contents(Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Na~(+),K~(+),Cl~(-))were determined.The result showed that the hypocotylsof B.gymnorrhiza undergoedsome growth before becoming detached from the parent plant.They accumulatedlarge amounts organic nutriments and ions during the development.The growth of hypocotyls could divided into 3 stages according to the changes of each physiologycharacteristics: The first 45 d was the fruit stage.The following 60 d were a period of highest activityafter the hypocotyl emerged through the fruit wall.In the final 60 d before detachment,the seedlings came into being.The osmotic potential of mature hypocotyls B.gymnorrhizawas negative than that of the solution on whichtheir parent plant vegetated,whilethe ions concentrationswere approachingto those of the solution on whichtheir parent plant vegetating.Thus help the seedlings survive better in the flooding and saline conditions.The density of mature hypocotylsof B.gymnorrhizawere lower than seawater,thus the hypocotyls can float and be dispersed by tide.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30200031);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0410001

Correlation Between Leaf Anatomy and Salt Tolerance of 5 Sapotaceae Species

为探讨古巴牛乳树(Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard)、人心果(M.zapota (L.) van; Royen)、蛋黄果(Lucuma nervosa A.DC.)、神秘果(Synsepalum dulcifcum; Denill)、星苹果(Chrysophyllum cainito; L.)叶片组织结构与其耐盐性的相关性,基于植株耐盐性强弱的研究,应用石蜡切片法,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜研究了5种果树叶片的形态结构差异.结果表; 明:5种山榄科果树叶的气孔器均为无规则型;耐盐性较高的古巴牛乳树、人心果叶片的气孔器密度相对较小,叶片、角质层、表皮层、栅栏组织的厚度明显高于其; 他3种较不耐盐的树种,且叶片结构呈现出典型的适应性特征.初步推断5种山榄科果树叶片的气孔器密度、组织结构与植株的耐盐性具有一定的相关性.To explore the correlation between leaf anatomy of 5 Sapotaceae; species(Manilkara roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard,Manilkara zapota (L.) van; Royen,Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill, Lucuma nervosa A.DC. and; Chrysophyllum cainito L.)and their salt-tolerance,we adopted paraffin; section together with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; to illustrate the leaf anatomy. The results indicated that the 5; Sapotaceae species all showed the anomocytic stomatal type,however,both; M. roxburghiana and M. za pota had smaller stomatal density, as well as; thicker leaf, cuticula, epidermis and palisade tissue than the other; three sensitive species. Furthermore,the leaf structures of the two; Manilkara species revealed their adaptability to the salty condition.; Our preliminary study suggests that the stomatal density and leaf tissue; structure are correlated with the salt tolerance of 5 Sapotaceae; species.厦门市科技计划项

Soluble Sugars and MDA in Leaves of Two ManilkaraSpecies under Salt Stress

采用盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰nACl溶液分别对铁线子属果树古巴牛乳树MAnIlkArA rOXburgHIAnA(WIgHT)dubArd、人心果MAnIlkArA zAPOTA(l.)VAn rOyEn进行胁迫处理,对植株盐害现象、土壤实际全盐度和叶片可溶性糖、丙二醛含量的变化进行比较。试验结果表明:古巴牛乳树、人心果分别在土壤实际全盐度3.38‰、2.88‰出现2级盐害,在4.28‰、4.05‰时出现3级盐害。2种果树叶片可溶性糖含量变化与nACl用量梯度呈现正相关,并和对照差异显著。叶片丙二醛含量在2‰、4‰nACl时和对照差异不显著,在6‰、8‰nACl时与对照差异显著。试验结果推断:2种铁线子属果树在6‰、8‰nACl处理时,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加重;可溶性糖作为渗透调节物质对植物幼苗抵抗nACl胁迫可能起着重要作用。Mechanism of the salt tolerance of Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard and Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen was investigated.The potted plants of the two species were watered with 0,2‰,4‰,6‰ or 8‰ NaCl solutions to observe the damages to the seedlings,as well as the induced changes on soil salinity and on the soluble sugars and MDA in the plant leaves by the salt stress.M.roxburghiana and M.zapota showed a Grade II salt damage under 3.38‰ and 2.88‰ NaCl stress,respectively,and a Grade III damage under 4.28‰ and 4.05‰ salt stress,respectively.The soluble sugars in the leaves of the plants increased with increasing concentration of NaCl,and were significantly different from those of Control without the salt stress.It was speculated that,with respect to the cellular osmosis,the soluble sugars might have increased by the plant in response to the presence of salt so as to improve its tolerance to the stress.The contents of MDA also differed significantly from Control under 6‰ or 8‰NaCl stress indicating the presence of a serious membrane lipid peroxidation on the plants.厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20092023

The Eco-physiological Response of Lucuma nervosa A. DC. to NaCl Stress

采用盆栽实验法,分别用盐度为2,4,6,8的nACl溶液对蛋黄果(luCuMA nErVOSA A.dC)进行了nACl胁迫处理,测定其叶绿素、超氧化物酶(SOd)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POd)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛等生理生态指标以及盆土的实际盐度,研究蛋黄果的耐盐性并为果树的耐盐机理提供理论依据.结果表明:在nACl胁迫下,蛋黄果的生长及叶绿素合成受到明显抑制,在土壤盐度小于0.19时无盐害现象;SOd、POd的活性均随nACl浓度增加而显著升高,CAT活性在盐度为4--8时与对照有显著差异;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛含量变化均与处理盐度呈现正相关,其中,脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量在各个处理盐度均与对照存在显著差异,可溶性糖含量在处理盐度为6和8时与对照存在显著差异.In this paper,the eco-physiological characteristics of NaCl stress in Lucuma nervosa A.DC.were researched by watering the potted plants with 0,2,4,6,8 NaCl.The characteristics include the changes about growth,chlorophyll,proline,soluble protein,soluble sugar,SOD,POD,CAT,MDA and so on.The results showed that the growth and chlorophyll synthesis were significantly restricted,the plants grew well when the soil salinity was below 0.19,the activity of the SOD,POD,CAT and the content of the proline,protein,sugar,MDA increased significantly under the NaCl stress.The content of the proline and the soluble protein rose obviously when the concentration of NaCl is from 2 to 8,while content of soluble sugar rises obviously when the concentration of NaCl is 6 or 8.Through the eco-physiological response to NaCl stress,the NaCl tolerance of Lucuma nervosa is learned and the theory about salt tolerance mechanism is enriched also.厦门市科技局资助项目(3502Z20092023

聚集诱导发光

聚集诱导发光(AIE)是唐本忠院士于2001年提出的一个科学概念,是指一类在溶液中不发光或者发光微弱的分子聚集后发光显著增强的现象。高效固态发光的AIE材料有望从根本上解决有机发光材料面临的聚集导致发光猝灭难题,具有重大的实际应用价值。从分子内旋转受限到分子内运动受限,从聚集诱导发光到聚集体科学,AIE领域已经取得了许多原创性的成果。在本综述中,我们从AIE材料的分类、机理、概念衍生、性能、应用和挑战等方面讨论了AIE领域最近取得的显著进展。希望本综述能激发更多关于分子聚集体的研究,并推动材料、化学和生物医学等学科的进一步交叉融合和更大发展。 Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), conceptually coined by Prof. Ben Zhong Tang in 2001, refers to a unique photophysical phenomenon non- or weakly emissive luminogens in dilute solutions emit intensely upon aggregation. AIE can solve the aggregation-caused quenching problem that traditional fluorophores are suffering from and hold great technological values for practical applications. The past 20 years have witnessed the rapid development of AIE research, from the restriction of intramolecular rotations to restriction of intramolecular motions, and from AIE to aggregate science, and many original results have been achieved. In this review, we summarize the advances in the field of AIE and its related areas. We specifically discuss the recent progress in AIE area, including material classification, mechanism, concept derivation, property, applications, and challenges. It is hoped that this review will inspire more research into the molecular aggregate level and make significant advances in materials, chemistry and biological sciences

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies