Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in the presence of HCl over CeO_2-based catalysts

报道了一种HCl存在时温和条件下的乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯催化转化新途径.研究发现,在多种金属氧化物催化剂中,CEO2呈现最佳乙烯生成的催化性能.与纳米粒子相比,具有棒状和立方体状形貌的CEO2纳米晶具有较高的乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性.以MnOX修饰CEO2可进一步提高催化性能.在8 WT%MnOX-CEO2催化剂上,723 k反应2 H时乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性分别为94%和69%.该催化剂性能稳定,反应100 H乙烯收率可保持在65%–70%.HCl的存在对乙烯的选择性生成起着至关重要的作用,一部分乙烯来自于氯乙烷的脱HCl反应.This article reports a new catalytic route for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in the presence of HCl at moderate temperatures.CeO2 was found to be the most efficient catalyst for the production of ethylene from the variety of metal oxides examined in this work.CeO2 nanocrys‐tals with rod and cube morphologies showed higher ethane conversions and ethylene selectivities than CeO2 nanoparticles.The modification of CeO2 by MnOx further enhanced the catalytic perfor‐mance.Ethane conversion of 94% and ethylene selectivity of 69% were obtained after 2 h of reac‐tion at 723 K over an 8 wt% MnOx-CeO2 catalyst.This catalyst was stable and the ethylene yield could be sustained at 65%–70% over 100 h of reaction.The presence of HCl played a key role in the selective production of C2H4, and some of the C2H4 was probably formed from chloroethane by de‐hydrochlorination.supportedbytheNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(973Program;2010CB732303); theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(21033006); theProgramforChangjiangScholarsandInnovativeResearchTeaminUniversity(IRT1036)~

Application of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 Anode in Rural Drinking Water Disinfection

采用热分解法制备了一种新型高效析氯阳极Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5,将其应用于农村饮用水消毒频繁停开、低电解液浓度的特殊工况下,并与Ti/RuO2-SnO2-Sb2O5、Ti/RuO2-TiO2、Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2三种析氯阳极进行性能对比。通过SEM、EDS、XRD等方法表征测试阳极表面形貌、元素及组成,考察了氯化钠浓度、电流密度、停开频率对阳极析氯效果和寿命的影响。研究发现,Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5阳极活性强、稳定性高;阳极涂层各组分高度融合为固溶体,结构致密,稳定性强;在15 g·L-1 NaCl、400 A·m-2电流密度、20℃条件下,Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5阳极电解的电流效率达到91.55%;频繁停开、强化电解条件下寿命达到231 h,是Ti/RuO2-TiO2阳极的77倍,预估在400 A·m-2电流密度下能够使用20年。Sodium hypochlorite disinfection has many advantages, including reliable operation, low cost, easily available raw materials. It is, therefore, suitable for disinfection of drinking water in remote rural areas. The service life and chlorine evolution efficiency of the anode are the main factors restricting the performance of the sodium hypochlorite generator. The special conditions of frequent shutdown and low electrolyte concentration in the rural drinking water application also put forward high requirements on the performance of the anode. In this study, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5,a new-type and efficient chlorine evolution anode, was prepared by thermal decomposition method and further applied to disinfection of drinking water in rural areas. Comparison was also made between this anode with Ti/RuO2-SnO2-Sb2O5, Ti/RuO2-TiO2 and Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2 anodes. The surface morphology, elements and composition of the anodes were examined by SEM, EDS and XRD. The effects of sodium chloride concentration, current density and shutdown frequency on chlorine evolution efficiency and lifetime of the anodes were also investigated. It was found that the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 electrode exhibited strong activity and high stability, and its coating components were highly fused into a solid solution with dense structure and great stability. The current efficiency of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode reached 91.55% in 15 g·L-1 NaCl solution at 400 A·m-2 and 20℃. In the enhanced electrolysis lifetime experiment, the service lifetime of Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode reached 231 h, which was 77 times longer than that of Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode. It was estimated that the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode could be used for 20 years under the current density of 400 A·m-2. Therefore, compared with the traditional electrode materials, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 achieved higher chlorine evolution efficiency and stability. It could be used for a long time in the condition of frequent shutdown and low electrolyte concentration. Besides, it could greatly reduce the equipment operation cost, the raw material feeding frequency and the impurities introduction. Thus, the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 anode developed in this studymight be suitable for rural drinking water disinfection application.国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0408800)通讯作者:陈雪明E-mail:[email protected]:Xue-MingChenE-mail:[email protected]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 310058College of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Chin

Electrocatalytic Reduction of L-cystine at Pb/nanoTiO_2 Film Electrode

采用阳极氧化和恒电位沉积法制备Pb纳米粒子修饰的多孔Ti基TiO2(Pb/nanoTiO2)膜电极.通过对不同的电沉积电位和时间对比,找出了最佳电沉积条件.SEM分析显示该膜为均匀多孔结构,Pb纳米粒子均匀地分散在TiO2膜的表面.循环伏安和计时电流法研究了L-胱氨酸在Pb/nanoTiO2膜电极上的电催化还原活性,结果表明该电极对L-胱氨酸的还原具有高催化活性和稳定性.The nanoporous Ti-based TiO2 films electrodes modified with Pb particles(Pb/nanoTiO2) were prepared by using anodization and potentiostatic electro-deposition.The optimum deposition conditions were determined by comparing with various deposition potentials and time.The SEM analyses indicated that the TiO2 films were homogeneous nanoporous structure,and the Pb particles well dispersed on the TiO2 films.The L-cystine electrocatalytic activity reduction on the Pb/nanoTiO2 film electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and Chronoamperometric curves.The results showed that this type of the electrode posseses high acticity and stability.作者联系地址：安徽师范大学安徽省功能性分子固体、分子基材料重点实验室化学与材料科学学院;安徽阜阳职业技术学院生化工程学院;Author's Address: 1.Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids & Molecular Based Materials,College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;2.Department of chemistry,Vocational and Technical College of Fuyang,Fuyang 236000,Anhui,Chin

氧化铁纳米棒的制备及在NOx消除中的应用

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanorods and Application in NOx Abatemen

中国毒理学会会议论文集

目的:通过慢性应激模型和药理学手段研究NR2B亚基在抑郁症发病中的作用,选择性拮抗NR2B亚基的快速抗抑郁样作用及其神经生物学机制。方法:采用大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型,通过核团微注射方法研究内侧前额叶皮层内谷氨酸能NMDA受体不同亚基功能与抑郁样行为的关系。通过微透析技术及Western blot方法来检测内侧前额叶皮层内谷氨酸水平及相关分子的变化;通过多个抑郁模型及多种行为学测试(包括强迫游泳测试,&nbsp;</p

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose on CNT/Nanocrystlline TiO_2-Pt Complex Film Electrode in Ionic Liquids

循环伏安法研究葡萄糖在离子液体[EMI]BF4中于碳纳米管/纳米TiO2膜载Pt(CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt)复合膜电极上的电催化氧化.结果表明,CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt电极对葡萄糖氧化具有高催化活性,氧化电位为-0.46V;在组成为离子液体与水的体积比为3∶1的电解液中,葡萄糖的氧化效果最好.电极反应过程受浓差极化控制.Using ionic liquid [EMI]BF4 as the electrolyte,the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on carbon nanotubes/nanocrystlline TiO2 film loaded on Pt (CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt) complex film electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results found that the CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt complex electrode had high catalytic activity to the electrochemical oxidation of glucose in ionic liquids and the oxidation potential was -0.46 V. The best effect of glucose oxidation was obtained with the volume ratio of ionic liquid to water being 3∶1. The process of electrodic reaction process was concentration polarization controlled.作者联系地址：安徽省功能性分子固体重点实验室,安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院;Author's Address: Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids,College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,Chin

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials