Dynamic Evolution of Regional Ecological Services Based on TM Remote Sensing

针对传统评估区域生态系统服务价值空间异质性的问题,本研究将TM遥感影像与价值评估法相结合,测算出针对研究区域的当量因子表,并建立了只需遥感影像数据即可快速并较为精准地动态计算区域生态系统服务价值的多元回归模型。文章以北京市永定河、厦门市和青海省不同尺度为例,对该方法评估区域生态系统服务价值的可行性和准确性进行了讨论,以期为生态综合管理提供定量化参考依据。This paper discussed the dynamic evaluating of regional ecological services with remote sensing technique,based on the comprehensive analysis the character of indexes method and currently equivalent method applying to regional ecological services.With the established method in the literature,it discussed the practical possibility for evaluation the temporal and special regional ecological services in Yongding River,Xiamen and Qinghai province.Compared with the traditional static indexes evaluation,our method discussed the possibility of dynamically evolutional evaluation,in order to provide reference of ecosystem management.北京市科学技术委员会“永定河生态修复目标体系研究”(D090409004009003);北京市生态学重点学科项

落实科学发展观,促进我国高等教育的发展

科学发展观的内涵极其丰富,以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的发展是它的主要内涵。科学发展观是指导我国高等教育发展的指南。新时期的高等教育,必须牢固树立和认真落实科学发展观,确立新型的高等教育发展目标,优化高等教育的结构与管理,确立学生在教学活动中的主体地位,建设一支高水平的师资队伍,才能实现高等教育又快又好的发展

中国历史地理学“课堂+社会”开放式实践教学模式的构建

中国历史地理学构建"课堂+社会"开放式实践教学体系,可以在教法方面推行研究性学习争取实现从讲授法向研究性学习法转变,拓展课本外的资料,探索课外考察新模式,还可以制作课程学习网站,实现课堂教学与课外自学的双向互动。广西教育厅2008年新世纪高等教育教学改革工程立项课题项目“‘课堂+社会’:高校历史学专业《中国历史地理学》课程开放式实践教学体系的构建”的阶段性研究成果。(项目编号:2008C005

基于栈结构的孔明棋算法研究

孔明棋是一种玩法简单,但其中变化无数的益智游戏。对孔明棋求解问题进行分析,提出了基于回溯思想的递归和非递归算法,运行结果表明了算法的有效性。文章还围绕栈在存储数据、消解递归等方面的应用对两个算法的优缺点进行了比较分析,递归算法结构清晰,但递归调用次数多;而非递归算法借助程序栈,将程序向循环转化,降低了时间复杂度,但算法难以分析和理解。因此在求解实际问题时可以采用递归思想来分析,然后借助栈用非递归来实现算法。广西自然科学基金资助项目(0832084

Evaluation Model and Application of Ecosystem Service Valua Based on TM Remote Sensing in Yongding River

针对常规生态服务价值评估方法时间长、工作量大、成本高和当量精度低的问题,永定河生态系统服务价值时空动态分析突破了传统静态评估方法。将gIS技术与因子当量表法相结合,测算出针对永定河河流生态系统的因子当量表和单位面积生态服务价值表,通过线性优化模型计算不同情景下各类土地利用类型面积,以期为生态修复目标提供直接的定量化参考依据。测算永定河北京段总当量为124.91,每当量单位面积生态服务价值基准为2 001.54万元/kM2。林地、草地、耕地、水面和其他土地利用类型单位面积生态服务价值依次为28 824.7、2 954.3、1 808.5、215 906.3和565.8万元/kM2,其中水生态系统文化娱乐服务功能单位面积服务价值最大,为161 735.1万元/kM2。据此,建立了只需遥感影像数据即可快速精准地动态计算区域生态系统服务价值的多元一次回归模型,与基于实地调查法的永定河历史评估结果进行比较,平均偏差为4.54%。利用线性规划方法计算出研究区域生态系统服务价值最大值为2 212亿元,最小值为513亿元;当永定河水面面积最大时,生态系统服务价值为2 212亿元,水面面积最小时生态系统服务价值为976亿元,大于未经优化配置时的432亿元。To improvement the disadvantage of traditional static evaluation,including long period work,mass amount of work,high price and low precision,this literature value Yongding river ecosystem services dynamically.By correlating GIS and equivalent weight factor,it calculated ecosystem services value unit area of Yongding River and the ecosystem services value.The model is aimed to provide quantificational evidence for ecosystem restoration.The total equivalent weight factor is 124.91,and the unit value is 2001.54×104 yuan/km2.The unit value per area of forest,meadow,farmland,water and other ecosystem is 28824.7×104,2954.3×104,1808.5×104,215906.3×104 and 565.8×104 yuan/km2 separately.The highest unit price is entertainmental services of water ecosystem which equals to 161735.1×104 yuan/km2.According to these parameter,it is established multi linear equation to calculate the ecosystem services which is compared with the historical investigation value and the average relative deference is 4.54%.Further more,it is established multi regression equation,which caculates the highest value is 2212×108 yuan and the lowest is 513×108 yuan.With the the biggest water area,the value equals to 2212×108 yuan,and 976×108 yuan with the smallest water area correspondingly.北京市科学技术委员会“永定河生态修复目标体系研究”(No.D090409004009003);北京市生态学重点学科项

INSTRUMENT FOR DETECTING SENSITIVITY OF STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING DUE TO SULPHIDE INCLUSION IN PIPING STEEL

本装置为一种含硫油气集输系统的安全检测装置，其结构由信号检测部分和数据处理两部分组成。检测部分为带有前置NHA型传感器探头。有旁路联接式和直接插入式两种。将信号输入给带有电流信号放大的A/V转换器，再送给A/D转换，然后送给微机作数据处理，最后由打印机将数据

种植于人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林的肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)个体质量特征/Characteristics of Individual Mass of Cistanche Deserticola Inoculated in Artificial Haloxylon ammodendron Forest in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J]

为掌握人工种植条件下肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)个体质量特征,在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地咸水滴灌人工梭梭林内,采用统一的开沟、撒种接种方式,对不同林龄、不同深度接种肉苁蓉以及造林当年接种连年采收肉苁蓉的质量进行了调查和分析.结果表明:(1)所有样地出土肉苁蓉个体间质量差异大,分布离散程度高.(2)接种时林龄越大,出土肉苁蓉个体平均质量、质量品质较好的比率以及质量分布离散程度都越高;不同林龄间肉苁蓉个体质量有极显著差异.造林当年接种、连年出土肉苁蓉个体质量的特征与不同林龄的相似,但质量品质较好的比率相对较低.(3)在40～120 cm深度,随种植深度增加,出土2年生以上肉苁蓉个体的数量以及质量品质较好的比率总体呈现增加趋势,并可以分为3个层面:40 cm、50～80 cm、100～120 cm.其中40 cm深度质量指标明显较低,其他深度间没有表现出明显的差异和规律,100～120 cm深度的肉苁蓉个体相对细长、品相差

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials