The interaction between gold nanoparticles with DNA and application in the detection of human p53 gene mutation

纳米金由于具有独特的理化性质及良好的生物亲和效应，不仅在催化、自组装、微电子、传感器等领域表现出广阔的应用前景，而且在生物医学领域，如生物标记、核酸检测、药物传输、转录调控、酶活性调控等方面都有重要的潜在应用价值，因此受到越来越广泛的关注。纳米金已成为基因工程重要的工具之一。本文主要对纳米金与核酸的相互作用及在人p53基因突变检测中的应用进行研究和探讨。纳米金的制备是其应用的基础。由于影响因素很多，要制备大小、形状可控，粒径分布均一的纳米金并不容易。本研究采用不同的还原方法和调整还原剂的浓度制备出了3种粒径分别为5nm、13nm、50nm的纳米金溶液，颜色分别呈棕黄色、酒红色和土黄色。通过紫外...Gold nanoparticles（GNPs） have many unusual chemical and physical properties such as unique optical effects, novel electrical effects and excellent biological affinity. Gold nanoparticles not only are widely used in the catalysis, self-assembly, microelectronics, sensors fields, but also show broad prospects in the biomedical field, such as biological label, nucleic acid detection, gene amplificati...学位：工学硕士院系专业：材料学院生物材料系_生物医学工程学号：2402005130255

Gold Nanoparticles Application in Gene Mutation Detection and SNP Analysis

[中文文摘]对特异核苷酸序列的高选择性检测在生物医学研究和临床检测中日趋重要.纳米金特殊的光学性质、电学性质、化学性质、以及良好的生物相容性,使之成为检测生物大分子的首选工具.本文介绍了几种典型的基因突变检测及单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析系统:基因芯片、生物传感器和光学检测系统.综述了多种颇有新意的检测方法和原理,详细阐明了它们的检测机制和研究进展,分析并比较了纳米金不同的作用方式,为纳米金在突变检测上的进一步研究提供了一定思路和参考.[英文文摘]Highly selective detection of specific oligonucleotide sequences is increasingly important in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.The excellent optical,electrical,and chemical properties make gold nanoparticles(GNPs) unique tools for biomolecule detection.GNPs-based methods for the detection of gene mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) are more selective,sensitive,and cost-efficient,compared to the conventional technologies,which require bulky and expensive instruments or involve time-cost procedures. This paper presents and demonstrates the principles and mechanisms of several typical GNPs-based methods for gene mutation and SNP analysis , aiming to provide some ideas and references for further studies.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(No.2006F3128)资助

数据挖掘与应用统计现状及趋势研究——第八届国际数据挖掘与应用统计研究会年会学术综述

国际数据挖掘与应用统计研究会是我国从事数据挖掘领域研究最早的学术研究团体之一。从2006年以来,为政府、高校、研究机构以及企业界的数据挖掘专家和学者提供了一个学术交流的高端平台。2016年第八届年会的主题是"卓越数据共享统计的理论及应用研究",此次会议会聚了国内外众多专家学者,共同聚焦数据挖掘和统计应用的发展趋势

Biological nitrogen fixation in the upper water column in the south Taiwan Strait during summer 2011

2011年6—7月,利用15n2示踪法实测了台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率,结合温度、盐度、天然颗粒物氮同位素组成的分布,分析并讨论了影响研究海域生物固氮速率的环境因素。结果表明,夏季台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率介于168—1080 nMOl M-3d-1之间,平均为537 nMOl M-3d-1,较高的生物固氮速率大多出现在次表层水体中。研究站位的积分固氮速率变化范围为11—40μMOl M-2d-1,平均为23μMOl M-2d-1。积分固氮速率的空间变化与不同水团的影响有关,在受黑潮水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较高,而在上升流和受河流冲淡水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较低,说明较低的水温及较高的无机氮营养盐可能会抑制研究海域的生物固氮作用。研究海域天然颗粒物δ15n与生物固氮速率之间呈现良好的负相关关系,表明天然颗粒物氮同位素组成可定性指征研究海域生物固氮作用的强弱。Biological N2fixation in marine environments is a major component in the ocean nitrogen budget and plays an important role in global carbon cycles through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and production of marine organic matter.N2fixation could be regulated by the abundance and chemical speciation of nutrients and many trace elements in seawater.Recent studies have revealed that N2fixation is much more widespread in marine environments than previously thought.However,little is known about the N2fixation in the Taiwan Strait,especially on N2fixation rates,and their relationship with environmental parameters.The major objectives of this study were to determine the N2fixation rates and their spatial distributions and to explore major physicochemical controlling factors in the south Taiwan Strait.During June and July 2011,seawater samples were collected from ten stations at two transects in the south Taiwan Strait for the measurements of N2fixation rate using the15N2tracer assay.Particulate nitrogen and its isotopic composition were measured with an elemental analyzer(Carlo Erba NC 2500) coupled with a Finnigan MAT DeltaplusXP isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Reproducibility of nitrogen isotope measurements(in terms of δ15N) was within 0.2‰.Our results showed that N2fixation rates in the south Taiwan Strait ranged from 168—1080 nmol m-3d-1with an average of 537 nmol m-3d-1.Most of the high rates were observed at subsurface layers.The depth-integrated N2fixation rates were 11—40 μmol m-2d-1with an average of(23±10) μmol m-2d-1.The distribution of the N2fixation rates showed regional variations with influence from water masses with distinctive temperature and salinity.Higher N2fixation rates were mostly observed in the regions influenced by the Kuroshio,with an average of 31 μmol m-2d-1,while lower rates occurred in the upwelling and river plume regions with an average of 15 μmol m-2d-1.This spatial distribution pattern indicated that biological N2fixation was largely impeded by the low temperature and the high concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the south Taiwan Strait.The contribution of N2fixation in the study area could be further quantified based on the δ15N signatures of suspended particles which could be significantly depleted during N2fixation.Indeed,a negative correlation between the δ15N signatures of suspended particles and N2fixation rates was observed regardless of using all data points or depth-averaged values within the water column.This indicated that15N-depleted particles were largely derived from the enhanced N2fixation,supporting the use of nitrogen isotopic composition(δ15N) of suspended particles as a potential indicator of N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.Further studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between N2fixation rates and limiting elements and their chemical speciation,and thus the physical and biogeochemical controls on N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41125020;41076043;41206062); 国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”项目(DY125-13-E-01

用HPLC-MS-MS快速分析和鉴定三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液中的Brefeldin A

采用HPLC -MS -MS联用技术 ,分析了C56和C65两株具有抗肿瘤活性的三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液抽提物 ,首次报道了这两株真菌都能产生BrefeldinA(BFA)。采用ESI-MS总离子流跟踪分析HPLC的洗脱液 ,并用低能量的CID -MS -MS(碰撞诱导裂解方式 )进一步确定目标离子峰为BFA分子离子峰 ,这为植物内生真菌发酵液中的有效成分的早期鉴别奠定了基

盐湖卤水中铷铯资源的高效分离提取

铷、铯是重要的稀贵资源，盐湖卤水中含有大量的铷离子（Rb+）、铯离子（Cs+），但浓度很低，与其化学性质非常相似的钾离子（K+）浓度却很高，这给Rb+，Cs+的分离提取带来了很大的困难。常用的分离方法有沉淀法、离子交换法和萃取法等。沉淀法成本高、部分工艺过程较为复杂、沉淀物稳定性不高；离子交换法不容易解吸、大部分离子交换剂水力学性能差；而萃取法具有分离效率高、操作简单、易于连续化和放大操作的优点得到了广泛的研究。目前，常用的萃取剂有冠醚类和酚醇类试剂。冠醚类试剂一般用于强酸性的核废料中Cs+的提取，对于中性体系的研究很少；酚醇类试剂一般用于强碱性的溶液体系中，传统的方法是在中性水溶液中加入高浓度氢氧化钠因而容易对环境造成污染，且分离效率较低，工艺成本高。针对于以上问题，开展了盐湖卤水绿色分离提取的新过程研究，研究了不同萃取剂的萃取机理，为盐湖铷铯资源的高效综合利用奠定了基础。首先，针对于杯芳烃冠醚萃取Rb+，Cs+需要强酸性条件的问题，开展了中性萃取体系的研究。以1,3-二异丙氧基杯[4]冠-6（BPC6）为萃取剂，研究了BPC6-正辛醇体系的萃取规律，当水溶液为中性时，对Rb+，Cs+的萃取率仅为20%，加入大量NO3-时萃取率迅速升高后降低，其萃取机理符合中性复合物萃取；当采用BPC6-离子液体（Ionic Liquids，ILs）体系萃取Rb+, Cs+时，萃取规律符合阳离子交换机理，在中性条件下BPC6浓度为12 mmol/L时，99 %以上的Rb+, Cs+ 可被萃取到ILs中，但Cs+/K+ 和Rb+/K+ 的分离系数（&beta;Cs/K, &beta;Rb/K）不高，同时会造成ILs阳离子损失。另外，针对于4-叔丁基-2-(&alpha;-甲苄基)苯酚（t-BAMBP）萃取Rb+，Cs+需要强碱性条件（0.1-1.0 mol/L NaOH）的问题，开展了弱碱性水系萃取新工艺的研究。首先探究了水相中碱度（0-0.1 mol/L NaOH）对萃取的影响，结果表明，碱度越低萃取率越低，但水相中NaOH浓度为0.03 mol/L，2 min时Cs+的萃取率即可达到94.1 %，&beta;Cs/K为310.3。在此基础上，提出采用t-BAMBP-十二烷有机相，先用氢氧化钠溶液对有机相进行处理，处理后的有机相可直接用在中性水系中Rb+，Cs+选择性萃取的新操作方式。与传统强碱性萃取工艺相比，新工艺更加绿色环保，不需要调节水相pH达到13以上，可节约70 %-97 %的氢氧化钠，实现了弱碱性体系Rb+，Cs+的提取分离。另外，K+, Rb+, Cs+在被萃取过程中动力学差异变大，因此通过动力学控制的方法使得&beta;Cs/K，&beta;Rb/K相比传统方法分别增大了71.0和5.8倍。在t-BAMBP体系研究的基础上，开展了含有21.5 mg/L Cs+, 206.7 mg/L Rb+ 和4632 mg/L K+的中性模拟盐湖卤水萃取工艺实验探究。采用3级错流萃取可回收99.1 %的Cs+和86.5 %的Rb+，0.5 mol/L的盐酸即可有效的将Cs+和Rb+反萃下来，萃取剂循环使用5次后性能没有明显下降。这表明新工艺可以用于中性盐湖卤水铷铯资源的高效提取和分离。;Rubidium and cesium are important rare resources. There are plenty of rubidium (Rb+) and cesium ion (Cs+) in the salt lake brine, but the concentrations of them are very low. However, the concentration of K+ is very high and the chemical properties of it are very similar to Rb+ and Cs+. That makes the separation of Rb+ and Cs+ from salt lake brine very difficult. There are three main methods including precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction. The disadvantages of precipitation are high cost, complicated processes and low stability of sediment. The disadvantages of ion exchange are hard to desorp and the poor hydrodynamic performance. The extraction method has the advantages of high separation efficiency, simple and easy to continuous operation, which make it widely studied.At present, the commonly used extractants are crown ether species and phenolic alcohol reagents. Crown ether species are generally used for the extraction of Cs+ from strong acidic nuclear waste but the neutral system is hardly investigated. Phenolic alcohol reagents are commonly used in strong alkaline solution and the traditional methods is to add high concentration of sodium hydroxide in neutral aqueous, which could cause serious pollution to the environment and high processing cost. In view of the above problems, a novel process study was carried out on the extraction of Rb+ and Cs+ from salt lake brine. The extraction mechanism of different extraction regents was studied, which laid a foundation for the efficient and comprehensive utilization of rubidium and cesium resources.Firstly, the study of neutral extraction system was carried out for the extraction of Rb+ and Cs+ when the calixarene crown ether was used as extractant. The BPC6-octanol system was studied when 1,3-diisopropyloxycalix[4]crown-6 (BPC6) was used as extractant. When the aqueous solution is neutral, the extraction percentage of Rb+ and Cs+ were only 20%. As the concentration of NO3- increased, the extraction percentage increased first and then decreased. The extraction conformed to the neutral complexes extraction mechanism. When the BPC6-ILs (Ionic Liquids) system was employed, the extraction conformed to the cation exchange mechanism. In neutral aqueous solution, more than 99 % Rb+ and Cs+ could be extracted into ILs phase when concentration of BPC6 was 12 mmol/L. However, the separation factors of Cs+/K+ and Rb+/K+ were moderate and the imidazole cations of ILs were easy to run away.In addition, the study of weakly alkaline system was carried out for the extraction of Rb+ and Cs+ when the 4-tert-butyl-2-(&alpha;-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) was used as extractant to overcome the disadvantage of strong alkaline condition (0.1-1.0 mol/L NaOH) being needed. At first, we found that the extraction percentage decreased with the decrease of alkalinity in aqueous solution. However, when the concentration of NaOH in aqueous solution is 0.03 mol/L, the extraction percentage of Cs+ could reach 94.1 % and the &beta;Cs/K could reach 310.3. Then, we proposed that t-BAMBP-dodecane was first treated by NaOH solution and then was directly used in neutral water system to extract Rb+ and Cs+ selectively. Compared with the traditional process, the novel process was more environmentally friendly, which could save 70 % to 97 % of NaOH and the alkalinity of raffinate was lower. The kinetics difference K+, Rb+, Cs+ was enlarged in the ion exchange process, so the separation factors of Cs+ over K+ and Rb+ over K+ increased by 71.0 and 5.8 times through controlling the extraction time.Based on the results of t-BAMBP system, the simulated brine solution which contained 21.5 mg/L Cs+, 206.7 mg/L Rb+ and 4632 mg/L K+ was also studied. 99.1 % Cs+ and 86.5 % Rb+ could be recovered through three-stages cross-current extraction. 0.5 mol/L HCl was effective for the stripping of Cs+ and Rb+. There was no significant extraction reduction when the extractant were reused for five times. The novel process showed promising application on the extraction of Cs+ and Rb+ from salt lake brine.&nbsp;</p

积极／消极情感量表中文版的结构和效度

目的：修订积极／消极情感量表中文版(中学生)，探讨它的结构和效度。方法：以Bradbum量表为基础加上访谈得到的条目构成量表，结合大五人格问卷和SCL-90，有效测试了全国六个地区2268名中学生，采用信度分析、因素分析和外部效标分析等方法考察量表的结构和效度。结果：分量表积极情感和消极情感的Cronbachα系数分别为0．82和0．80，各个条目的因子负荷介于0．45-0．80。二元结构模型的各项拟合指标都在0．90以上。PA与外向性的相关为0．34，NA与情绪稳定性的相关为0．59，与SCL-90各项指标的相关介于0．37-0．57。结论：积极消极情感量表具有良好的二元结构和信效度

Factorial and Construct Validity of the Chinese Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Student

目的 :修订积极 消极情感量表中文版 (中学生 ) ,探讨它的结构和效度。方法 :以Bradburn量表为基础加上访谈得到的条目构成量表 ,结合大五人格问卷和SCL -90 ,有效测试了全国六个地区 2 2 68名中学生 ,采用信度分析、因素分析和外部效标分析等方法考察量表的结构和效度。结果 :分量表积极情感和消极情感的Cronbachα系数分别为 0 82和 0 80 ,各个条目的因子负荷介于 0 45～ 0 80。二元结构模型的各项拟合指标都在 0 90以上。PA与外向性的相关为 0 3 4,NA与情绪稳定性的相关为 0 5 9,与SCL -90各项指标的相关介于 0 3 7～ 0 5 7。结论 :积极消极情感量表具有良好的二元结构和信效

Membrane separator toward their application in VFB application

Membrane separator toward their application in VFB applicatio