中国流态化概况

前言大家知道,流态化作为工业上一门先进的技术,自温克勒发明的流态化煤气发生炉问世以来,已有五十多年的历史。由于流态化具有能够处理细颗粒,快速混

顺流多层浅流化床反应器

鼓泡流化床一般可分为分布板区,鼓泡区和稀相区三个部分。工业实践及模型计算均已表明,在快反应和高扬析率的条件下,分布板区和稀相区对化学反应的作用均较鼓泡区大。由此不难设想,一个仅由分布板区和稀相区两部分组成的流化床反应器,必将是一个高效反应器。而且,因为这两个区域中都没有气泡,不存在气泡的合并和长大带来的一系列问

高龄老人的认知功能和心理健康

本研究以毕生发展的观点,系统探讨高龄老人的认知功能和心理健康状况。表明老化过程中年龄差异和个体差异明显,认知功能可塑性和储备能量依然存存,是健康老龄化的重要心理基础。高龄老人心智功能明显减退,需给予更多照料和精神慰藉

400 Gbit/s 286 km超长站距无中继传输系统研究

为将400 Gbit/s高速率应用于超长站距无中继光传输系统,首先对400 Gbit/s双偏振-四进制正交幅度调制（DP-16QAM）及400 Gbit/s双偏振-八进制正交幅度调制（DP-64QAM）两种高阶调制码型及其对应的光信噪比（OSNR）要求进行了研究,然后通过实验研究了两种码型背靠背OSNR的要求及入纤光功率与误码率的关系,最后搭建了具有前后向拉曼放大器的400 Gbit/s超长距光传输链路,通过实验测试了两种码型对应的最远单跨传输距离。实验结果表明,400 Gbit/s DP-16QAM在G.652光纤上利用双向拉曼光放大器最远可以传输286 km,对于电力长跨距来说基本满足了大部分的应用场合

微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植治疗帕金森病的实验研究

目的观察微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植对帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型的治疗作用。方法以6-OHDA分两点注入大鼠纹状体制备PD模型。应用国产新型材料壳聚糖制成的海藻酸钠一壳聚糖一海藻酸钠(ACA)微囊包裹PC12细胞，分别将微囊化PC12细胞、裸PC12细胞、空微囊移植入PD模型鼠损伤侧纹状体内，以阿朴吗啡检测移植前后大鼠旋转行为的差异。行纹状体和黑质的HE染色和酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组化染色观察其病理形态学的变化。对移植的微囊化PC12细胞回收后再培养，以MTT和台盼兰检测细胞活性。结果微囊化PC12细胞移植能够改善PD模型鼠的旋转行为，与移植前和空微囊移植组相比有显著差异(P＞O．05)，症状改善至少持续3个月。裸PC12细胞移植组大鼠的旋转行为也有改善，与移植前相比有统计学差异(P＜O．05)，但仅持续了2个月，移植8周后又渐回到移植前水平，且部分大鼠颅内有致死性肿瘤形成。空微囊移植组移植前后大鼠的旋转行为无明显差异(P＞O．05)。回收微胶囊内的PC12细胞再培养生长良好，MTT法和台盼兰法检测显示细胞具有生物活性。结论微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植能够改善阿朴吗啡诱发的PD模型鼠的旋转症状，ACA新型微包囊能够起到有效的免疫隔离和抑制肿瘤形成的作用

微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植治疗帕金森病的实验研究

目的观察微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植对帕金森病(PD)大鼠模型的治疗作用。方法以6-OHDA分两点注入大鼠纹状体制备PD模型。应用国产新型材料壳聚糖制成的海藻酸钠一壳聚糖一海藻酸钠(ACA)微囊包裹PC12细胞，分别将微囊化PC12细胞、裸PC12细胞、空微囊移植入PD模型鼠损伤侧纹状体内，以阿朴吗啡检测移植前后大鼠旋转行为的差异。行纹状体和黑质的HE染色和酪氨酸羟化酶免疫组化染色观察其病理形态学的变化。对移植的微囊化PC12细胞回收后再培养，以MTT和台盼兰检测细胞活性。结果微囊化PC12细胞移植能够改善PD模型鼠的旋转行为，与移植前和空微囊移植组相比有显著差异(P＞O．05)，症状改善至少持续3个月。裸PC12细胞移植组大鼠的旋转行为也有改善，与移植前相比有统计学差异(P＜O．05)，但仅持续了2个月，移植8周后又渐回到移植前水平，且部分大鼠颅内有致死性肿瘤形成。空微囊移植组移植前后大鼠的旋转行为无明显差异(P＞O．05)。回收微胶囊内的PC12细胞再培养生长良好，MTT法和台盼兰法检测显示细胞具有生物活性。结论微囊化PC12细胞脑内移植能够改善阿朴吗啡诱发的PD模型鼠的旋转症状，ACA新型微包囊能够起到有效的免疫隔离和抑制肿瘤形成的作用

植物模式标本的考证与数字化:以中国国家植物标本馆为例

模式标本是最重要的植物标本,是确定植物学名的依据,是植物分类学家从事植物系统分类研究必不可少的科学材料,也是开展专科专属研究、编写国家或地方植物志、进行植物区系调查研究、开发利用和保护植物资源的重要基本资料。但模式标本的人为和自然毁损难以避免,模式标本及其标签信息的数字化使得模式标本的形态、地理分布、采集等主要信息得到最大限度的永久保存,可以极大地方便模式标本信息的共享,可以为科学研究人员或相关人员提供植物形态、地理分布、历史变迁等多方面的信息。本文以中国科学院植物研究所国家植物标本馆维管束植物模式标本数字化建设为例,详细介绍了规范化整理模式标本的方法、模式标本数字化的操作流程,并通过大量实例介绍了模式标本考订的过程、常见问题的处理方法等,以期为其他单位开展模式标本数字化建设提供经验

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials