光照、温度和盐分对囊果碱蓬种子萌发的影响

囊果碱蓬种子在3种光照、5个温度梯度和5个盐分梯度条件下萌发，测定种子萌发的最佳条件。结果表明：在光照和黑暗条件下，种子萌发率无显著差异。种子萌发的最适温度为30℃。随NaCl浓度增高囊果碱蓬种子萌发率降低，直至为零。不同温度和盐分以及二者的交互作用对囊果碱蓬种子萌发的影响都是极显著的。在最适温度时，种子耐盐临界值为488．89mmol／L，极限值为933．34mmol／L

苯乙烯烷基化制乙苯的沸石催化剂

一种适用于苯与乙烯进行汽相烷基化制取乙苯反应过程的含有稀土元素的ＺＳＭ－５型硅铝沸石催化剂。此类催化剂是以氢型高硅ＺＳＭ－５沸石为活性基质，添加粘结剂ＳｉＯ２（或Ａｌ２Ｏ３）用氧化镧改质，再经超稳化处理而制成。该催化剂用于乙烯－苯为原料直接合成乙苯的烷基化反应过程中，乙烯转化率达９９％，乙苯加二乙苯选择性达９９％，以及单程使用寿命４０—６０天，并有良好的再生性能。带填

合成气制低碳烯烃含铁锰催化剂及合成反应

由合成气（ＣＯ＋Ｈ２）高选择性制取乙、丙烯等低碳烯烃的催化剂是用ＭｇＯ等ⅡＡ族碱土金属氧化物或高硅沸石分子筛（或磷铝沸石）担载的铁-锰催化剂体系，在强碱（ⅠＡ族金属）Ｋ＋或Ｃｓ离子助剂作用下，具有良好的合成低碳烯烃性能，利用这种催化剂在压力为１．０～５．０ＭＰａ，温度为３００～４００℃的反应条件下，可高活性（ＣＯ转化率达９０％以上），高选择性（烯烃选择性达６６％以上）地由合成气制取低碳烯烃。本发明的工艺流程，可直接由反应尾气经水吸收分离ＣＯ２以及经中压油吸收分离Ｃ３、Ｃ４组分，然后，用苯与尾气中的烯浓度乙烯反应生产乙苯。其操作工序简单，适于推广应用。带填

乙烯与甲苯乙基化制对甲基乙苯反应用沸石催化剂

一种用于甲苯与乙烯进行烷基化反应，特别是适宜用于低浓度乙烯为原料的甲苯烷基化反应过程所用含有锑（或磷）及镁元素化学改质处理的Ｐｅｎｔａｓｉｌ型硅铝沸石催化剂。这种沸石催化剂可以直接用含有硫化氢、水等杂质的炼油厂尾气（含乙烯１０－２０％）作原料与甲苯反应制取主要为对位甲基乙苯的过程。与以纯乙烯为原料的甲苯烷基化反应进程相比，当直接采用含杂质的低浓度乙烯的炼油厂尾气为原料时，本发明的沸石催化剂具有良好的反应性能。带填

准噶尔荒漠生物多样性及其与环境作用关系研究

一、项目简要说明： 准噶尔盆地荒漠是我国乃至世界温带荒漠的典型代表。本项目对准噶尔荒漠生物多样性现状进行了深入研究,对重要物种的濒危状况和生存现状进行评价,开展关键种和重要野生生物资源的保护生物学研究,并提出切实可行的保护策略;对重要生物类群之间的相互作用关系以及重要生物类群对环境的响应及适应机制进行研究。研究对于温带荒漠生物多样性的保育与可持续利用、维护生态环境安全具有重要的理论和现实意义。 出版专著2部、发表论文61篇。其中SCI收录14篇,共被引用43次;2篇被EI收录;42篇被CSCD收录,被引用66次,有两篇研究论文获奖。申请发明专利3项,软件登记1项。培养博士生..

荒漠地表生物结皮形成机制及其生态功能研究

该项目研究了生物结皮的种类组成、宏观分布及其环境特征,沙漠生物结皮形成机制、对地表稳定性的作用、对种子植物多样性的影响、对降水渗入的影响,生物结皮的光合与生理特征、微结构发育特征,结皮的有关物种进行培养、进行室外内及野外试验。构建了适用于冷沙漠的生物结皮指数BSCI,及沙漠生物结皮空间分布特征;提出了适度干扰有利于荒漠种子植物多样性观点;对沙漠生物结皮年固氮量进行了估算;揭示了生物结皮微结构及其演替规律;提出了低营养细菌、荒漠藻类及荒漠藓类植物的适宜培养条件

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials