МІСЬКА ІДЕНТИЧНІСТЬ СУЧАСНОГО БАКУ. (THE URBAN IDENTITY OF CONTEMPORARY BAKU.)

Розгляд територіальної (міської) ідентичності (city identity) є плідним, на нашу думку, на основі концепції «уяви спільності» (термін Б. Андерсона), а саме: на основі єдності території проживання, історії та традицій, соціокультурного досвіду і способу життя. Важливою рисою формування міської ідентичності Баку стало взаємне ознайомлення через сусідські та дружні контакти з традиціями, національними й релігійними святами (Новруз-байрам, Пасха, Пессах i ін.), національною кухнею, а також і табу різних етнічних груп. (Consideration of territorial (urban) identity (city identity), fruitfully, in our opinion, based on the concept of «community of imagination» (the term by B. Anderson), namely on the basis of the unity of the territory of residence, history and traditions, socio-cultural practices and lifestyles. An important feature of urban identity formation Baku became mutual acquaintance through neighborly and friendly contacts with the traditions, national and religious holidays (Novruz, Easter, Pessah etc.), national cuisine, as well as the taboo of different ethnic group.

The Total Synthesis of Convolutamydine a in the Conditions of the Catalysis by β-Aminoalcohols of Pinane and Carane Structure

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant № 15-03-09352 A)

TRIZ directed evolution for automobile fuel

Recently, Global Warming effect and Green House Gases (GHG) emissions have become one of the main concern for environment that principally come from the exhaust of fossil fuel combustion process (i.e. coal, crude oil, and natural gas). Electric Vehicles (EVs) industry has started taking the lead and showing significant competition in the market via Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and fully Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) over the conventional fossil fuel powered vehicles which are going to ban (prohibit) within coming two decades as officially announced by many of global countries. Battery is the backbone of this evolution and it encourages many researchers and scientists to expedite their studies, experimental tests to discover the best reliable, sustainable, and safe resource of energy to meet the customers’ (vehicles users) values, satisfactions and expectations. This study aims to scientifically predict and analyze the future battery generation that last longer up to (500 km) with improved charging time (less than 30 min). A systematic evolution method called TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) was used in this paper to link the historical data with present timeline in order to improve the main characteristics of the battery (e.g. energy density, durability, charging time and safety). TRIZ has variety of inventive tools (9 – Windows, S – Curve and Function Analysis), these tools are efficiently assist to predict and achieve the next generation of the future battery. By using the tools of Directed Evolution (DE) and utilizing Level of Innovation Domains, battery development is going to be deeply illustrated. Finally, logical recommendations were proposed to those personnel in charge to move forward to approach the future battery system with targeted features and characteristics

Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

International audienceThe relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential

Tertiary Amine-Derived Ionic Liquid-Supported Squaramide as a Recyclable Organocatalyst for Noncovalent “On Water” Catalysis

Chiral tertiary amine-derived ionic liquid-supported squaramide was synthesized from available precursors and applied as an efficient organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael additions of β-dicarbonyl compounds to α-nitroolefins in the presence of water. Corresponding Michael adducts were generated under proposed conditions in nearly quantitative yield with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Useful precursors to pharmaceutically important chiral β-amino acids and anticonvulsant Pregabalin were conveniently prepared using the developed “on water” protocol. The catalyst is readily recoverable and reusable over 30 times without a significant decrease of catalytic reaction activity and selectivity