61 research outputs found
How does competition affect efficiency and soundness in banking? New empirical evidence
A growing body of literature indicates that competition increases bank soundness. Applying an industrial organization based approach to large data sets for European and U.S. banks, we offer new empirical evidence that efficiency plays a key role in the transmission from competition to soundness. We use a two-pronged approach. First, we employ Granger causality tests to establish the link between competition and measures of profit efficiency in banking, and find that competition indeed increases bank efficiency. Second, building on these results, we examine the relation between the Boone indicator [Boone, J. (2001) Intensity of competition and the incentive to innovate. IJIO, Vol. 19, pp. 705-726], an innovative measure of competition that focuses on the impact of competition on performance of efficient banks, and relate this measure to bank soundness. We find evidence that competition robustly increases bank soundness, via the efficiency channel. JEL Classification: G21, G28, L11Bank competition, Efficiency, market structure, regulation, soundness
Alzheimer's Disease Profile in the UDS Neuropsychological Battery
Background: Neuropsychological assessment plays a key role in cognitive impairment diagnosis. Moreover, determining the cognitive profile can help to uncover the aetiology of the impairment. Previous studies found that memory impairment is especially typical for Alzheimer's disease. In UDS 2, one of most common neuropsychological batteries, this is manifested by a low score in Logical Memory test. Aims: To describe a profile of early cognitive deficit in Alzheimer disease using the UDS 2 battery in comparison with deficits of other aetiologies and to assess the ability of UDS 2 to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other causes of cognitive deficit. Methods: 190 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment underwent an assessment of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, UDS 2 battery and other neuropsychological tests. The probability of suffering from Alzheimer's disease was modelled with the use of binominal regression on the neuropsychological assessment results. Results: Using UDS 2 battery, Alzheimer's disease patients can be best discriminated from patients with otherwise caused cognitive deficit with the test of episodic memory (delayed recall score in Logical Memory test). Other tests significantly improved the accuracy of the estimate of probability of suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Therefore,...VĂ˝chodiska: NeuropsychologickĂ© vyšetĹ™enĂ je nezastupitelnĂ© pĹ™i diagnostice kognitivnĂho deficitu, navĂc mĹŻĹľe urÄŤenĂm profilu deficitu pomoci k odhalenĂ etiologie onemocnÄ›nĂ. PĹ™edchozĂ studie ukázaly, Ĺľe Alzheimerova nemoc je typická zejm. paměťovĂ˝mi poruchami, coĹľ se v UDS 2, jednĂ© z nejpouĹľĂvanÄ›jšĂch neuropsychologickĂ˝ch bateriĂ, projevuje zhoršenĂ˝m vĂ˝konem v testu LogickĂ© pamÄ›ti. CĂle: Popsat profil ÄŤasnĂ©ho kognitivnĂho deficitu v baterii UDS 2 u Alzheimerovy nemoci v porovnánĂ s deficity jinĂ˝ch etiologiĂ a posoudit schopnost UDS 2 Alzheimerovu nemoc od ostatnĂch pĹ™ĂÄŤin deficitu odlišit. Metody: 190 pacientĹŻ s mĂrnou kognitivnĂ poruchou bylo podrobeno vyšetĹ™enĂ alzheimerovskĂ˝ch biomarkerĹŻ, vyšetĹ™enĂ bateriĂ UDS 2 a dalšĂmi neuropsychologickĂ˝mi testy. Binomickou regresĂ byla na základÄ› neuropsychologickĂ˝ch vyšetĹ™enĂ modelována pravdÄ›podobnost, Ĺľe má pacient pozitivnĂ alzheimerovskĂ© biomarkery. VĂ˝sledky: Mezi pacienty s Alzheimerovou nemocĂ a pacienty s kognitivnĂm deficitem jinĂ© etiologie v rámci UDS 2 nejlĂ©pe rozlišuje test epizodickĂ© pamÄ›ti (oddálenĂ© vybavenĂ LogickĂ© pamÄ›ti). Dalšà testy byly schopnĂ© vĂ˝znamnÄ› zpĹ™esnit odhad, zdali pacient trpĂ Alzheimerovou nemocĂ: samotná baterie UDS 2 tedy nenĂ pro vyšetĹ™enĂ etiologie mĂrnĂ© kognitivnĂ poruchy postaÄŤujĂcĂ. KlĂÄŤová slova Alzheimerova nemoc,...Department of PsychologyKatedra psychologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art
What are the driving forces of bank competition across different income groups of countries?
This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.This paper rigorously investigates the determinants of bank competition for 146 countries over the sample period 1999–2011. The results employing both the Lerner index and the Boone indicator, reveal the distinctive characteristics of the competition drivers across different income groups of countries. Amongst other things, a concentrated banking system jeopardises competitiveness in developing economies, however, such a causal nexus is absent for advanced and emerging economies. Contestability and institutional development seem to boost competition in less-developed banking systems, whereas inter-industry competition and financial freedom are beneficial to advanced banking systems. These findings survive robustness tests
Repensar la profundizaciĂłn financiera: estabilidad y crecimiento en los mercados emergentes
This paper uses a new measure of financial development to show that many benefits in terms of growth and stability can still be reaped from further financial development in most emerging markets. First, it defines financial development as a combination of depth, access and efficiency. Second, it highlights that the economic growth weakens at higher levels of financial development. Third, it indicates that the pace of financial development matters. Forth, it provides a new angle related to the tradeoffs of financial regulation. Finally, it finds that there is no “one-size-fits-all” in the sequencing of developing financial institutions versus markets, though as economies evolve the relative benefits from institutions decline and those from markets increase.En este escrito se usa una nueva medida del desarrollo financiero para mostrar que la mayorĂa de los mercados emergentes aĂşn puede obtener beneficios de crecimiento y estabilidad con un mayor desarrollo financiero. Primero define el desarrollo financiero como una combinaciĂłn de profundidad, acceso y eficiencia. Luego muestra que el crecimiento econĂłmico se debilita a mayores niveles de desarrollo financiero y que el ritmo del desarrollo financiero es importante; además propone una nueva manera de ver los “tradeoffs” de la regulaciĂłn financiera. Concluye que no hay una secuencia Ăşnica en el desarrollo de las instituciones y los mercados financieros, aunque se observa cuando las economĂas se desarrollan los beneficios relativos de las instituciones disminuyen y los de los mercados aumentan
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The diffusion of financial supervisory governance ideas
Who is watching the financial services industry? Since 1980, there have been multiple waves of thought about whether the ministry of finance, the central bank, a specialized regulator or some combination of these should have supervisory authority. These waves have been associated with the convergence of actual practices. How much and through what channels did internationally promoted ideas about supervisory 'best practice' influence institutional design choices? I use a new dataset of 83 countries and jurisdictions between the 1980s and 2007 to examine the diffusion of supervisory ideas. With this data, I employ Cox Proportional Hazard and Competing Risks Event History Analyses to evaluate the possible causal roles best practice policy ideas might have played. I find that banking crises and certain peer groups can encourage policy convergence on heavily promoted ideas
Marketing strategy of the company BĂĽroprofi
V tĂ©to bakalářskĂ© práci se zabĂ˝váme analĂ˝zou marketingovĂ© strategie spoleÄŤnosti BĂĽroprofi. Práce je sloĹľena ze dvou částĂ a to z části teoretickĂ© a části praktickĂ©. V úvodnà části jsou definovány hlavnĂ pojmy a termĂny souvisejĂcĂ s marketingem tĂ©to spoleÄŤnosti. Praktická část je následnÄ› vÄ›nována pĹ™edstavenĂ spoleÄŤnosti BĂĽroprofi a četnĂ˝m analĂ˝zám. Tyto analĂ˝zy jsou zaměřeny na konkurenci a takĂ© na celkovou marketingovou strategii tĂ©to spoleÄŤnosti. V poslednà části se nacházĂ SWOT analĂ˝za a cenovĂ© srovnánĂ v rámci konkurence. VĂ˝stupem tĂ©to práce je kritickĂ© zhodnocenĂ marketingovĂ© strategie tĂ©to spoleÄŤnosti a následnĂ© navrĹľenĂ doporuÄŤenĂ do budoucna.In this bachelor thesis we analyze the marketing strategy of the company BĂĽroprofi. The work combines two parts. First part is theoretical and the second is the practical part. The theoretical part provides definitions of key terms and concepts associated with marketing of the company . The practical part of the thesis consist of the company introduction and numerous analyzes. These analyzes are focused on competition and also on the overall marketing strategy of the company. The last part includes SWOT analysis and price analysis within the competition. The outcome of this work is a critical evaluation of the marketing strategy of the company and also numerous recommendations for the future
Bone pins of the Early Bronze Age in Bohemia and Moravia
Bone pins of the Early Bronze Age are interesting, not too frequent, and still properly unprocessed kind of artifact. Probably based on an older tradition, but they were soon replaced by the metal pins. The main objective is to develop as most detailed catalog of findings as is possible, tracking the finding context and chronological position of bone pins in the Early Bronze Age in Bohemia. The subject of the work is also a question of technology used in the production bone and antler industry and its evidence from the Bronze Age, focusing on the technology and processes used in the production of bone pins. Another factor which is monitored is the social status of bearers of the bone pins in the Early Bronze Age
The Relation between Attention and Consciousness
Bakalářská práce seznamuje se zjištÄ›nĂmi experimentĹŻ zkoumajĂcĂch vzájemnĂ˝ vztah vÄ›domĂ a rĹŻznĂ˝ch druhĹŻ pozornosti (automatickĂ© a volnĂ; objektovĂ©, prostorovĂ© a k rysĹŻm) a shrnuje empirickĂ© i teoretickĂ© argumenty pro a proti disociaci pozornosti a vÄ›domĂ. Práce docházĂ k závÄ›ru, Ĺľe z literatury vyplĂ˝vá, Ĺľe pozornost je nutnou, avšak nikoliv postaÄŤujĂcĂ podmĂnkou vÄ›domĂ. Ve druhĂ© části práce je navrhována replikaÄŤnĂ experimentálnĂ studie, jejĂmĹľ cĂlem je ověřit, zda interakce mezi pozornostĂ a vÄ›domĂm zjištÄ›nĂ© v rámci zrakovĂ© modality platĂ i v modalitÄ› sluchovĂ©. KlĂÄŤová slova: vÄ›domĂ, pozornost, vnĂmánĂ, experimentálnĂ psychologieThe bachelor thesis presents findings of experiments which examined mutual relation between consciousness and various types of attention (top-down and bottom-up; feature, objective and spatial) and summarizes both empirical and theoretical arguments for and against dissociation of attention and consciousness. The conclusion of the thesis is that the literature implies attention being necessary but not sufficient condition for consciousness. In the second part of the thesis a replication study is proposed which aims to verify whether interactions of consciousness and attention, found previously within the visual modality, appear within the auditory modality as well. Keywords: consciousness, attention, perception, experimental psychologyDepartment of PsychologyKatedra psychologieFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
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